ASCE GSP 297-2018 DEVELOPMENTS IN EARTH RETENTION SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND TUNNELING.pdf

1、GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO. 297 IFCEE 2018 DEVELOPMENTS IN EARTH RETENTION, SUPPORT SYSTEMS, AND TUNNELING SELECTED PAPERS FROM SESSIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION CONGRESS AND EQUIPMENT EXPO 2018 March 510, 2018 Orlando, Florida SPONSORED BY International Association of Foundation Dri

2、lling Deep Foundations Institute Pile Driving Contractors Association The Geo-Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers EDITED BY Anne Lemnitzer, Ph.D. Armin W. Stuedlein, Ph.D., P.E. Muhannad T. Suleiman, Ph.D. Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers Published by American So

3、ciety of Civil Engineers 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Reston, Virginia, 20191-4382 www.asce.org/publications | ascelibrary.org Any statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statem

4、ent made herein. No reference made in this publication to any specific method, product, process, or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. The materials are for general information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intende

5、d as a reference in purchase specifications, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document. ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus, product, or proc

6、ess discussed in this publication, and assumes no liability therefor. The information contained in these materials should not be used without first securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specific application. Anyone utilizing such information assumes all liabili

7、ty arising from such use, including but not limited to infringement of any patent or patents. ASCE and American Society of Civil EngineersRegistered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Photocopies and permissions. Permission to photocopy or reproduce material from ASCE publications can be requested

8、 by sending an e-mail to permissionsasce.org or by locating a title in ASCEs Civil Engineering Database (http:/cedb.asce.org) or ASCE Library (http:/ascelibrary.org) and using the “Permissions” link. Errata: Errata, if any, can be found at https:/doi.org/10.1061/9780784481608 Copyright 2018 by the A

9、merican Society of Civil Engineers. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-7844-8160-8 (PDF) Manufactured in the United States of America. Preface This is the fourth volume of six Geotechnical Special Publications (GSPs) and one Geotechnical Practice Publication (GPP) containing papers from the 2018 Intern

10、ational Foundations Congress and Equipment Expo (IFCEE18) held in Orlando, Florida on March 510, 2018. The IFCEE conference series combines a technical conference and equipment show dedicated to the design and construction of foundation systems, using the latest geo-engineering and geo-construction

11、technologies and practices. The IFCEE conference series is a one of a kind event that attracts attendees from around the world for the worlds largest equipment exposition dedicated solely to the deep foundations industry. This Congress combined the 2018 annual meetings of ASCEs Geo-Institute, the In

12、ternational Association of Foundation Drilling (ADSC), the Pile Driving Contractors Association (PDCA) and the Deep Foundations Institute (DFI). This event was the third Congress in the IFCEE conference series, following the successful 2009 and 2015 meetings, in which these leading geotechnical and

13、geotechnical-related organizations joined together for a single and singular annual congress. IFCEE18 provided an international forum to discuss technological advances, case histories, and present challenges related to geotechnical and foundation engineering. The Congress was attended by a wide rang

14、e of geo-professionals including engineers, contractors, academicians, equipment manufacturers, geo-technologists, researchers, and service, material and tooling suppliers. This publication culminates two years of effort by the technical planning committee whose focus has been to continue the succes

15、s of the previous meetings in the IFCEE conference series. Many individuals are responsible for the content of this volume, all of whom served in the efforts to maintain the standard set by previous proceedings. An international call for papers and a rigorous peer review process yielded 280 accepted

16、 technical papers, that were presented in 47 sessions, in addition to invited keynote presentations. Papers were reviewed in accordance with ASCE GSP standards. Accordingly, each paper was subjected to technical review by two or more independent peer reviewers. Publication requires concurrence by at

17、 least two peer reviewers. The Editors would like to express their appreciation for having been provided the opportunity to be a part of this Congress organization, their sincere thanks to the numerous session chairs and reviewers, and we hope that these proceedings will be of use to the geotechnica

18、l engineering community for many years to come. The Editors, Anne Lemnitzer, Ph.D., A.M.ASCE, M.DFI, University of California, Irvine Armin W. Stuedlein, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, M.DFI, Oregon State University Muhannad T. Suleiman, Ph.D., A.M.ASCE, M.DFI, Lehigh University ,) Elizabeth M. Smith, P.E., G

19、.E., D.GE, Terracon Consultants, Inc.; James W. Niehoff, P.E., M.ASCE, GEI Consultants, Inc. Field Testing: Axial/Lateral I Gerald Verbeek, M.ASCE, Verbeek Management Services; John P. Turner, Ph.D., P.E., D.GE, M.ASCE, Dan Brown and Associates, PC; Murad Y. Abu-Farsakh, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, Louisia

20、na State University ,) Thomas W. Pennington, P.E., M.ASCE, Jacobs Associates Ground Improvement Jason DeJong, Ph.D., University of California, Davis; Kenichi Soga, Ph.D., FREng, FICE, M.ASCE, University of California, Berkeley Geosynthetic/Fiber Reinforcement Ben A. Leshchinsky, Ph.D., A.M.ASCE, Ore

21、gon State University Ground Improvement: Treatment Case Studies Christian B. Woods, P.E., D.GE, G.E., M.ASCE, Densification, Inc. Liquefaction and Densification Menzer Pehlivan, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, CH2M HILL Retaining and Cutoff Wall Design and Construction Kenneth L. Fishman, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE,

22、McMahon Nasser Massoudi, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, Bechtel Corp. Stone Columns/Piers/Grouting I Kord J. Wissmann, Ph.D., P.E., D.GE, M.ASCE, Geopier Foundation Company; Jie Han, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE, The University of Kansas ,) John S. McCartney, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, University of California, San Diego Br

23、idges: Foundation Design and Construction Sam Sternberg, III, P.E., M.ASCE, Thompson Engineering Characterizing the Behavior of Soils Cumaraswamy (Vipu) Vipulanandan, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, University of Houston; Yazen Khasawneh, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, NTH Consultants, Ltd. Liquefaction: Analysis and De

24、sign C. Yoga Chandran, Ph.D., G.E., P.E., M.ASCE, CH2M HILL QA/QC for Deep Foundations Anna Sellountou, Ph.D., A.M.ASCE, Pile Dynamics, Inc. Rock Mechanics Ingrid Tomac, Ph.D., A.M.ASCE, University of California, San Diego; Ehsan Ghazanfari, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, University of Vermont Site Characteri

25、zation Xiong (Bill) Yu, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE, Case Western University Other Topics in Geotechnical Engineering Constitutive Modeling Usama S. El Shamy, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, Southern Methodist University; Seung Jae Lee, Ph.D., Aff.M.ASCE, Florida International University Pavements and Subgrades Boo Hy

26、un Nam, Ph.D., A.M.ASCE, University of Central Florida Shallow Foundations Xiong Zhang, Ph.D., P.E., A.M.ASCE, Missouri University of Science and Technology Slopes, Dams, Embankments Timothy D. Stark, Ph.D., P.E., D.GE, F.ASCE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Binod Tiwari, Ph.E., P.E., M

27、.ASCE, California State University, Fullerton; Beena Ajmera, Ph.D., A.M.ASCE, California State University, Fullerton ,) Rifat Bulut, Ph.D., M.ASCE, Oklahoma State University Selected Other Topics in Geotechnical Engineering Matteo Montesi, P.E., M.ASCE, WSP USA; Curt R. Basnett, P.E., M.ASCE. CH2M H

28、ILL; Morgan Race, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, Braun Intertec; Kam Weng Ng, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, University of Wyoming; Lori A. Simpson, G.E., P.E., M.ASCE, Langan Treadwell Rollo Case Histories, Lessons Learned and General Practice ACIP Piles: Case Histories and Lessons Learned W. Morgan NeSmith, P.E., M.A

29、SCE, Berkel Luis G. Arboleda-Monsalve, Ph.D., M.ASCE2; Juan Garcia3; and Lisa Star, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE4 1Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816. E-mail: Afuribehknights.ucf.edu 2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil

30、, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816. E-mail: Luis.Arboledaucf.edu 3Undergraduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Construction Engineering Management, California State Univ., Long Beach, CA 90840. E-mail: Juan.Garcia03student.c

31、sulb.edu 4Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Construction Engineering Management, California State Univ., Long Beach, CA 90840. E-mail: Lisa.Starcsulb.edu Abstract Urban cofferdams are used to build the rigid central core of high-rise buildings and are conceived as temporary retaini

32、ng excavation structures. For the case of the One Museum Park West (OMPW) building (Chicago, IL), settlement points and inclinometer data were recorded during the excavation within the cofferdam. This cofferdam stage represented 20% of the total excavated volume of this project and caused about a th

33、ird of the total measured settlements. An axisymmetric numerical model using an advanced constitutive soil model, the hypoplasticity model for clays with intergranular strains, is developed to simulate an idealized lower bound solution of the ground movements resulting from the OMPW cofferdam excava

34、tion. Significant differences between computed and observed ground movements are presented when compliance effects between structural members, installation of nearby foundations, and flexibility of the cofferdam and internal bracing connections are ignored. INTRODUCTION In major populated areas, urb

35、an cofferdams are used as temporary excavation structures to build the rigid central core of high rise buildings. These cofferdams are built using interlocked modular pieces of sheet piles to form a circular retaining wall, which is laterally braced with internal ring beams. Soil removal and install

36、ation of the bracing system are carried out to cast the foundations of a rigid central core of the building. Ring beams made of hot-rolled wide-flanged structural steel sections are assembled segmentally using bolted end-plate connections. Urban cofferdams constitute an “ancillary” pre-excavation ac

37、tivity of a major construction sequence, mistakenly ,) 2017) for a wide range of triaxial stress probes for the same soil conditions. Interface elements between soil and structure were not considered in the model. -18.0 -16.15 -10.50 +3.65Secant pile wall(Soil elements)Sheet pile wall(Plate elements

38、)Lower Park RidgeUpper Park RidgeDeerfieldBlodgettUrban FillClay CrustValparaisoBracing system(Soil elements) +6.0 m CCD,) Luis G. Arboleda-Monsalve, M.ASCE2; Alejandro Velasquez-Perez3; David G. Zapata-Medina4; and Fernando Sarabia51Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil, Environmental, and Constructio

39、n Engineering, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816. E-mail: Afuribehknights.ucf.edu 2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816. E-mail: Luis.Arboledaucf.edu 3Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. de Ingeniera Ci

40、vil, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medelln, Medelln, 050034, Colombia. E-mail: avelasquezunal.edu.co 4Associate Professor, Dept. de Ingeniera Civil, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medelln, Medelln, 050034, Colombia. E-mail: dgzapataunal.edu.co 5Senior Geotechnical Engineer, GEI Cons

41、ultants, 2141 Palomar Airport Rd., Carlsbad, CA 92001. E-mail: Abstract The performance of a circular cofferdam braced with reinforced concrete ring beams is presented in this paper. The cofferdams were built using a continuous circular wall, made of interlocked sheet pile modular pieces, internall

42、y braced with ring beams. During concrete placement of the exposed ring beams, curing conditions were affected by temperatures below the freezing point of water which resulted in lower concrete strength and stiffness values than those estimated during the design phase. A numerical model is presented

43、 to study the influence on the performance of creep, shrinkage, temperature, and aging of concrete. Lateral wall displacements are computed with the model only as a result of coupled temperature and concrete time-dependent effects and studied individually with a parametric study. Those effects contr

44、ibuted about 17% of the total maximum measured lateral wall deformations. Creep effects had the largest contribution with about 8%, while aging of concrete and shrinkage contributed less than 5%. INTRODUCTION In modern construction of high-rise structures, the use of temporary cofferdam structures t

45、o build the lateral load resisting system of the building has increased. However, excavation-induced ground movements in urban cofferdams are often ignored because they are considered as temporary structures and represent only a small part of a major excavation sequence. These ground movements might

46、 cause damage of adjacent structures or nearby utilities. The ,) and b) summarized soil profile. SUMMARY OF OBSERVED PERFORMANCE Figure 2 illustrates the cofferdam layout, construction sequence followed during the cofferdam installation and excavation, and the lateral wall deformations measured with

47、 inclinometer I-1 installed next to the cofferdam. The installation of the cofferdam started by leveling the ground surface to a depth of about 0.6 m, at which the sheet piles started to be driven. The temporary cofferdam was excavated following accelerated cycles of soil removal and concrete ring b

48、eam placement until the bottom of cut was reached. The excavation inside the cofferdam was temporarily stopped at construction day 115 (i.e., end of construction of sixth concrete ring beam level, RB6) to install deep foundations to support the building rigid core walls. Six months later Gr. Surface

49、Soft to Medium, CLFill / CL/ SP1st2.4m2nd5.3m3rd8.7m4th12.0m5th15.4m6th18.7m7th22.0mEmbedmentDepthExc. CycleLoose to Dense SandStiffto Hard CL, CL-ML02468101214161820222426N100Scale (m)I-1CofferdamSlurry WallDriller PierWallSecant PileWallSecant Pile WallCoreCaissonsInclinometer(b)(a)Depth m04080Undrained Strength kPaFieldvanes200 400 600 8000.22 vMenard pressuremeter,) and b) lateral wall movements Figure 2b shows the lateral wall movements measured in the field using the inclinometer I-1. Three m