1、 ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 106Horizontal AugerBoring ProjectsPrepared by theCenter for Underground Infrastructure Research and Education (CUIRE),Michigan State UniversityUnder direction of theHorizontal Auger Boring Task Force of theCommittee on Trenchless Installation of
2、Pipelines (TIPS)Pipeline DivisionAmerican Society of Civil EngineersTask Committee ChairmanMohammad NajafiPublished byAmerican Societyof Civil EngineersLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataMichigan State University. Center for Underground Infrastructure Research and Education.Horizontal
3、 auger boring projects / prepared by the Center for Underground InfrastructureResearch and Education (CUIRE), Michigan State University under the direction of theHorizontal Auger Boring Task Force of the Committee on Trenchless Installation ofPipelines (TIPS) of the Pipeline Division of the American
4、 Society of Civil Engineers.p. cm. (ASCE manuals and reports on engineering practice; no. 106)Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-7844-0731-21. PipelinesDesign and construction. 2. Trenchless construction. 3. Boring. I.American Society of Civil Engineers. Horizontal Auger Boring Tas
5、k Force. II. Title, ffl.Series.TA660.P55M53 2004621.8672dc222004048716The material presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with gener-ally recognized engineering principles and practices, and is for general information only.This information should not be used without first secu
6、ring competent advice with respect toits suitability for any general or specific application.The contents of this publication are not intended to be and should not be construed to bea standard of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and are not intended for useas a reference in purchase of
7、 specifications, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legaldocument.No reference made in this publication to any specific method, product, process, or serv-ice constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE.ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any
8、 kind, whether express or implied, con-cerning the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus,product, or process discussed in this publication, and assumes no liability therefore.Anyone utilizing this information assumes all liability arising from such use, includ
9、ingbut not limited to infringement of any patent or patents.ASCE and American Society of Civil EngineersRegistered in U.S. Patent andTrademark Office.Photocopies: Authorization to photocopy material for internal or personal use under cir-cumstances not falling within the fair use provisions of the C
10、opyright Act is granted byASCE to libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC)Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the base fee of $18.00 per chapter plus $.50per page is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. The identifica-tion for
11、ASCE Books is 0-7844-0731-2/04/$18.00 + $.50 per page. Requests for special per-mission or bulk copying should be addressed to Permissions nor is it so elementary or so conclusive as to provide a “rule ofthumb“ for non-engineers.Furthermore, material in this series, in distinction from a paper (whic
12、hexpressed only one persons observations or opinions), is the work of acommittee or group selected to assemble and express information on aspecific topic. As often as practicable the committee is under the directionof one or more of the Technical Divisions and Councils, and the productevolved has be
13、en subjected to review by the Executive Committee of theDivision or Council. As a step in the process of this review, proposedmanuscripts are often brought before the members of the TechnicalDivisions and Councils for comment, which may serve as the basis forimprovement. When published, each work sh
14、ows the names of the com-mittees by which it was compiled and indicates clearly the severalprocesses through which it has passed in review, in order that its meritmay be definitely understood.In February 1962 (and revised in April 1982) the Board of Directionvoted to establish:A series entitled “Man
15、uals and Reports on Engineering Practice,“ toinclude the Manuals published and authorized to date, future Manualsof Professional Practice, and Reports on Engineering Practice. All suchManual or Report material of the Society would have been refereed ina manner approved by the Board Committee on Publ
16、ications andwould be bound, with applicable discussion, in books similar to pastManuals. Numbering would be consecutive and would be a continua-tion of present Manual numbers. In some cases of reports of joint com-mittees, bypassing of Journal publications may be authorized.MANUALS AND REPORTSON ENG
17、INEERING PRACTICENo. Title No. Title13 Filtering Materials for SewageTreatment Plants14 Accommodation of Utility PlantWithin the Rights-of-Way of UrbanStreets and Highways35 A List of Translations of ForeignLiterature on Hydraulics40 Ground Water Management41 Plastic Design in Steel: A Guide andComm
18、entary45 Consulting Engineering: A Guide forthe Engagement of EngineeringServices46 Pipeline Route Selection for Rural andCross-Country Pipelines47 Selected Abstracts on StructuralApplications of Plastics49 Urban Planning Guide50 Planning and Design Guidelines forSmall Craft Harbors51 Survey of Curr
19、ent Structural Research52 Guide for the Design of SteelTransmission Towers53 Criteria for Maintenance of MultilaneHighways55 Guide to Employment Conditions forCivil Engineers57 Management, Operation andMaintenance of Irrigation andDrainage Systems59 Computer Pricing Practices60 Gravity Sanitary Sewe
20、r Design andConstruction62 Existing Sewer Evaluation andRehabilitation63 Structural Plastics Design Manual64 Manual on Engineering Surveying65 Construction Cost Control66 Structural Plastics Selection Manual67 Wind Tunnel Studies of Buildingsand Structures68 Aeration: A Wastewater TreatmentProcess69
21、 Sulfide in Wastewater Collection andTreatment Systems70 Evapotranspiration and IrrigationWater Requirements71 Agricultural Salinity Assessment andManagement72 Design of Steel Transmission PoleStructures73 Quality in the Constructed Project: AGuide for Owners, Designers, andConstructors74 Guidelines
22、 for Electrical TransmissionLine Structural Loading76 Design of Municipal WastewaterTreatment Plants77 Design and Construction of UrbanStormwater Management Systems78 Structural Fire Protection79 Steel Penstocks80 Ship Channel Design81 Guidelines for Cloud Seeding toAugment Precipitation82 Odor Cont
23、rol in WastewaterTreatment Plants83 Environmental Site Investigation84 Mechanical Connections in WoodStructures85 Quality of Ground Water86 Operation and Maintenance ofGround Water Facilities87 Urban Runoff Quality Manual88 Management of Water TreatmentPlant Residuals89 Pipeline Crossings90 Guide to
24、 Structural Optimization91 Design of Guyed ElectricalTransmission Structures92 Manhole Inspection andRehabilitation93 Crane Safety on Construction Sites94 Inland Navigation: Locks, Dams, andChannels95 Urban Subsurface Drainage96 Guide to Improved EarthquakePerformance of Electric PowerSystems97 Hydr
25、aulic Modeling: Concepts andPractice98 Conveyance of Residuals from Waterand Wastewater Treatment99 Environmental Site Characterizationand Remediation Design Guidance100 Groundwater Contamination byOrganic Pollutants: Analysis andRemediation101 Underwater Investigations102 Design Guide for FRP Compo
26、siteConnections (ON HOLD)103 Guide to Hiring and Retaining GreatCivil Engineers104 Recommended Practice for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Products forOverhead Utility Line Structures105 Animal Waste Containment inLagoons106 Horizontal Auger Boring ProjectsCONTENTSPREFACE ixACKNOWLEDGMENTS x1 GENERAL 11.1
27、 Introduction and Background 11.2 History 21.3 Recent Innovations 41.3.1 Guided Boring Method (GBM) 41.3.2 Controlled Boring System (CBS) 51.3.3 Development of New Steel Pipe InterlockingJoining System 51.3.4 Laser-Guided Tunnel Attachment 51.3.5 Mechanical Line and Grade Control Head 51.3.6 Electro
28、nic (Inertial) Line and Grade Control Head 51.4 Scope 51.5 Related Documents 61.6 Glossary and Definitions2 PLANNING PHASE 132.1 Predesign Surveys 32.1.1 Site Conditions and Surface Survey 132.1.2 Subsurface Survey 142.1.3 Geotechnical Investigation 142.1.4 Utility Locating 52.1.5 Subsurface Utility
29、 Engineering (SUE) 182.2 Jacking Pits and Receiving Pits 182.3 Pipe Size Considerations 202.4 Length of the Bore 02.5 Accuracy and Tolerances 0vvi CONTENTS2.6 Cost Considerations 202.7 Environmental and Social Benefits 212.7.1 Environmental Benefits (Minimizing Noise, Vibration,and Pollution) 212.7.
30、2 Social Benefits 13 DESIGN AND PRECONSTRUCTION PHASE 233.1 Feasibility and Risk Assessment 233.2 Steel Casing and Other Pipe Design 33.2.1 Banding the Casing 43.2.2 Casing Sizes 263.2.3 Casing Wall Thickness 263.2.4 Mid-Weld 63.2.5 Installation Loads 63.2.6 External Loads 263.2.7 Steel Pipe Corrosi
31、on Protection Considerations 273.3 Carrier Pipe Design 73.3.1 Blocking/Spacers 273.3.2 Internal Casing Grouting 273.3.3 Hydrostatic Pressure 83.3.4 Corrosion Protection 83.4 Tracking, Locating, and Guidance Considerations 293.4.1 Waterline System (Grade Only) 293.4.2 Line-and-Grade Systems 303.5 Con
32、tract Documents 313.5.1 Scope of Work and Special Conditions 313.5.2 Drawings 33.5.3 Technical Specifications 333.5.4 Geotechnical Information 33.6 Differing Site Conditions 43.6.1 Existing Utilities 343.6.2 Different Soils 43.6.3 Rocks and Boulders 43.6.4 Water Table 353.7 Contractor Prequalificati
33、on 353.7.1 General Information and History 353.7.2 Experience and Equipment 363.8 Dispute Resolution 364 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 374.1 Workspace 374.2 Jobsite Layout 7CONTENTS vii4.3 Pits 384.4 Equipment 94.4.1 Attachments 394.4.2 Steering Systems 404.5 Lubrication Fluids 04.5.1 Filtration Control and Fi
34、lter Cake 404.5.2 Types of Lubricants 414.5.3 Lubrication System 14.6 Recommended Procedures for Various Ground Conditions 424.6.1 Wet, Running Sand 424.6.2 Wet, Stable Sand 24.6.3 Dry Sand 424.6.4 Dry Clay 34.6.5 Wet Clay 34.6.6 Small Gravel 434.6.7 Hard Pan 34.6.8 Soft/Solid Rock 44.6.9 Large Grav
35、els/Small Boulders 444.6.10 Hard Rock 444.7 Productivity 54.8 Work Plan 54.9 Dewatering 64.10 Inspection and Monitoring 464.11 As-Built Drawings and Documentation 464.12 Measurements and Payments 74.13 Typical Costs for Horizontal Auger Boring 474.14 Safety Issues 485 REFERENCES 9INDEX 50This page i
36、ntentionally left blank PREFACEThis manual of practice (MOP) was prepared by the Center forUnderground Infrastructure Research and Education (CUIRE) atMichigan State University, under direction of the American Society ofCivil Engineers (ASCE), Pipeline Division, Trenchless Installation ofPipelines (
37、TIPS) Committee, Task Committee on Horizontal Auger BoringProjects. As the name of the document implies, this manual describes cur-rent practices that engineers and construction professionals use to designand construct pipelines under roads, railroads, streets, and other man-made and natural structu
38、res and obstacles. The TIPS Committee, underleadership of Dr. Ahmad Habibian, PE, is credited for the efforts leadingto this publication. Mr. Leo Barbera was instrumental in leading thepreparation of this manual by contributing his knowledge from manyyears of experience in horizontal auger boring. T
39、he committee would liketo thank all of the task committee members and reviewers, whose namesfollow, for their support, time, and efforts. Special thanks go to all of thesponsors of this manual, including Dr. Robert von Bernuth, Director ofSchool of Planning, Design and Construction at Michigan State
40、University, for providing the resources and support for preparation ofthis manual. The efforts of Mr. Guru Kulandaivel, CUIRE ResearchAssociate, who spent many long hours coordinating the review processand writing the manuscript, are greatly appreciated.Mohammad NajafiASCE Horizontal Auger BoringTas
41、k Committee ChairIXACKNOWLEDGMENTSPrepared by theCenter for Underground Infrastructure Research and Education (CUIRE),Michigan State UniversityUnder direction of theHorizontal Auger Boring Task Force of the Committee on TrenchlessInstallation of Pipelines (TIPS)Of thePipeline Division of the America
42、n Society of Civil EngineersTask Committee Chairman/Editor:Mohammad NajafiMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MichiganTask Committee Secretary:Ossama SalemUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnati, OhioAuthors and Sponsors:Jim BarbaraBarbco, Inc.Canton, OhioLeo BarberaHorizontal Holes International, Inc
43、Southern Pines, North CarolinaGuru KulandaivelCenter for Underground Infrastructure Research and EducationMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing, Michiganxxi ACKNOWLEDGMENTSDan LiottiMidwest Mole, Inc.Indianapolis, IndianaMichael J. MooreMcLaughlin Boring SystemsGreenville, South CarolinaCarl Neagoy
44、Akkerman Inc.Brownsdale, MinnesotaGaylord RicheyAstec Underground/American AugersLoudon, TennesseeRaj TanwaniRatnala-Bahl EngineersHouston, TexasReviewers and Contributors/Task Committee Members:David AbbottJason ConsultantsSan Diego, CaliforniaMichael W. AlbersBor-It Mfg. Co., Inc.Ashland, OhioAlan
45、 AtalahBowling Green State UniversityBowling Green, OhioFrank CanonBaroid IDPHouston, TexasDavid CzerrDOTCharlotte, North CarolinaGeorge H. DavisMissouri Department of TransportationJefferson City, MissouriACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiiDennis DohertyJacobsBoston, MassachusettsMark GallucciDigital Control Inc.R
46、enton, WashingtonSanjiv GokhaleVanderbilt UniversityNashville, TennesseeTom IseleyBuried Asset Management Institute (BAMI)Department of Watershed Management, City of AtlantaAtlanta, GeorgiaTerry McArthurOlsson AssociatesOmaha, NebraskaBrent L. MooreHorizontal Boring a lot of pipe wasinstalled using
47、these machines. Richmond also built 30-in. and 36-in. (750mm and 900 mm) machines for bigger-diameter installations.Because a significant amount of free boring was being done at thattime, all machines had one hydraulic cylinder under them. As the tech-nology advanced into cased bores, the thrust req
48、uirements increased, andRichmond used two cylinders under the machines. However, thesemachines were still being built on top of a track. Richmond later modifiedthe design so that the machines were in the track, and later, he reluctantlysplit the machines for ease of handling. Richmond machines used
49、Ka-Moaugers and cutting heads until 1967, when he built his own auger and cut-ting heads, which were exactly the same as those of Ka-Mo. Richmondwas the only company to make advances in the equipment design to keeppace with the changing market.Roy Woodruff and Son designed the split machine. They also put aspacer in a 36-in. (900 mm) machine to make it a 48-in. (1200 mm)machine. Ernie Coppica of Wixom, Michigan, invented the steering4 HORIZONTAL AUGER BORING PROJECTSsystems in the 1960s, and improvements in t
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