ASCE MOP 135-2018 MONITORING DAM PERFORMANCE.pdf

1、ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 135MONITORINGDAM PERFORMANCETask Committee to Revise Guidelines for Dam Instrumentation Instrumentation and MeasurementsEdited by Kim de Rubertis, P.E., D.GEPublished by the American Society of Civil EngineersASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineerin

2、g Practice No. 135Monitoring Dam PerformanceInstrumentation and MeasurementsPrepared by the Task Committee to Revise Guidelines for Dam Instrumentation of the Committee on Water Power of the Energy Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers Edited byKim de Rubertis, P.E., D .GELibrary of Co

3、ngress Cataloging-in-Publication DataNames: American Society of Civil Engineers. Task Committee to Revise Guidelines for Dam Instrumentation. | de Rubertis, Kim, editor. Title: Monitoring dam performance : instrumentation and measurements / prepared by the Task Committee to Revise Guidelines for Dam

4、 Instrumentation of the Committee on Water Power of the Energy Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers; edited by Kim de Rubertis, P.E., D .GE, F.ASCE.Description: Reston, Virginia : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018 | Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LC

5、CN 2017061624 | ISBN 9780784414828 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780784480984 (pdf) | ISBN 9780784480991 (ePub)Subjects: LCSH: DamsInspection. | Dam safety. | Dam failuresUnited States Prevention. | Hydraulic measurements.Classification: LCC TC550 .A44 2018 | DDC 627/.80289dc23 LC record availabl

6、e at https: /lccn .loc .gov /2017061624Published by American Society of Civil Engineers1801 Alexander Bell DriveReston, Virginia 20191-4382www .asce .org /bookstore|ascelibrary .orgAny statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the vi

7、ews of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement made herein. No reference made in this publication to any specific method, product, process, or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. The materials are for general information only and

8、do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as a reference in purchase specifications, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document. ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, suitability, o

9、r utility of any information, apparatus, product, or process discussed in this publication, and assumes no liability therefor. The information contained in these materials should not be used without first securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specific applicati

10、on. Anyone utilizing such information assumes all liability arising from such use, including but not limited to infringement of any patent or patents.ASCE and American Society of Civil EngineersRegistered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.Photocopies and permissions. Permission to photocopy or rep

11、roduce material from ASCE publications can be requested by sending an e-mail to permissionsasce .org or by locating a title in the ASCE Library (http: /ascelibrary .org) and using the “Permissions” link.Errata: Errata, if any, can be found at https: /doi .org /10 .1061 /9780784414828.Copyright 2018

12、by the American Society of Civil Engineers.All Rights Reserved.ISBN 978-0-7844-1482-8 (print)ISBN 978-0-7844-8098-4 (PDF)ISBN 978-0-7844-8099-1 (ePub)Manufactured in the United States of America.25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 1 2 3 4 5Front cover photo (lower) courtesy of Paul Hames/California Department o

13、f Water ResourcesMANUALS AND REPORTS ON ENGINEERING PRACTICE(As developed by the ASCE Technical Procedures Committee, July 1930, and revised March 1935, February 1962, and April 1982)A manual or report in this series consists of an orderly presentation of facts on a particular subject, supplemented

14、by an analysis of limitations and applications of these facts. It contains information useful to the average engineer in his or her everyday work, rather than findings that may be useful only occasionally or rarely. It is not in any sense a “standard,” how-ever; nor is it so elementary or so conclus

15、ive as to provide a “rule of thumb” for nonengineers.Furthermore, material in this series, in distinction from a paper (which expresses only one persons observations or opinions), is the work of a committee or group selected to assemble and express information on a specific topic. As often as practi

16、cable the committee is under the direction of one or more of the technical divisions and councils, and the product evolved has been subjected to review by the Executive Committee of the Division or Council. As a step in the process of this review, proposed man-uscripts are often brought before the m

17、embers of the technical divisions and councils for comment, which may serve as the basis for improvement. When published, each work shows the names of the committees by which it was compiled and indicates clearly the several processes through which it has passed in review so that its merit may be de

18、finitely understood.In February 1962 (and revised in April 1982), the Board of Direction voted to establish a series titled “Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice” to include the manuals published and authorized to date, future Manuals of Professional Practice, and Reports on Engineering Pract

19、ice. All such manual or report material of ASCE would have been refereed in a manner approved by the Board Committee on Publications and would be bound, with applicable discussion, in books similar to past manuals. Num-bering would be consecutive and would be a continuation of present man-ual number

20、s. In some cases of joint committee reports, bypassing of journal publications may be authorized.A list of available Manuals of Practice can be found at http: /www .asce .org /bookstore.This page intentionally left blankvCONTENTSDEDICATION ixACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiPREFACE xiii1 INTRODUCTION 12 PERFORMANC

21、E MONITORING 52.1 Dam Safety Program . 72.2 Dam Owner Responsibility 82.3 Failure Modes . 92.4 Surveillance and Monitoring . 123 FAILURE MODES 153.1 Embankment Dams . 153.2 Concrete Gravity Dams 233.3 Concrete Arch Dams . 303.4 Other Dams . 344 PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING A MONITORING PROGRAM 354.1 Pl

22、anning 364.2 Implementation 444.3 Responsibility and Authority . 494.4 Operation and Maintenance. 525 INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TOOLS 575.1 Instrumentation . 585.2 Future Trends . 60vi Contents5.3 Critical Performance Indicators . 655.4 Factors Affecting Instrument Performance 1606 GEODETIC MO

23、NITORING 2096.1 General 2106.2 Survey Methods, Old and New . 2116.3 Total Stations 2136.4 Levels . 2166.5 Global Positioning . 2196.6 Light Detection and Ranging . 2216.7 Future Trends . 2246.8 Planning and Implementing 2286.9 Monumentation . 2346.10 Data Collection . 2376.11 Data Analysis 2416.12 R

24、eporting 2427 DATA ACQUISITION 2477.1 Manual Acquisition . 2477.2 Automated Acquisition. 2488 DATA MANAGEMENT AND PRESENTATION 2618.1 Data Are Measurements. Measurements Are Data. 2618.2 Data Presentation . 2718.3 Reporting Instrumentation Data . 2739 EVALUATION, DECISION, AND ACTION 2899.1 Evaluati

25、on . 2899.2 Decision . 2909.3 Action 29210 EMBANKMENT DAMS 29510.1 Design 29510.2 Performance 29610.3 Instrumented Monitoring . 30210.4 Performance Indicators . 32111 CONCRETE DAMS 32311.1 Design 323 11.2 Performance 325 11.3 Instrumented Monitoring . 328 11.4 Performance Indicators . 33312 OTHER DA

26、MS AND APPURTENANT STRUCTURES 34312.1 Other Dams . 34312.2 Appurtenant Structures 358Contents vii13 SAMPLE DATA FORMS AND PLOTS 36913.1 Reading Recording Forms and Data Reports 37113.2 Data Plots 37814 HISTORY OF INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING 389APPENDIX A REFERENCES 397B FAILURE MODE ANALYSES 403C

27、 RANGE, RESOLUTION, ACCURACY, PRECISION, AND REPEATABILITY 409D GLOSSARY OF TERMS 415INDEX 427This page intentionally left blankDEDICATIONThis manual is dedicated to John Dunnicliff, Dist.M.ASCE, upon whose shoulders stand all who work with instrumentation. From his 1988 classic Geotechnical Instrum

28、entation for Monitoring Field Perfor-mance to his continuing efforts to advance instrumentation knowledge in his contributions and editing for “Geotechnical Instrumentation News,” all have benefited. It is with this committees recognition of how integral Dunnicliffs work has become woven into the st

29、ate of practice that, with great appreciation, this manual is dedicated.This page intentionally left blankxiACKNOWLEDGMENTSASCE Energy Division Executive Committee Contact MemberJason Hedien, P.E., M.ASCEASCE Hydropower Committee Control Group MembersKim de Rubertis, P.E., D .GE., F.ASCESteven Fry,

30、P.E., M.ASCE Christopher Hill, P.E., M.ASCEJeffrey Auser, P.E., M.ASCECommittee MembersKim de Rubertis, P.E., D .GE, F.ASCE, Chair Steven Fry, P.E., M.ASCE, Vice ChairChristopher Hill, P.E., M.ASCE, SecretaryJeffrey Auser, P.E., M.ASCEBill Broderick, P.E., M.ASCECatrin Bryan, P.E., P.Eng.Craig Findl

31、ay, Ph.D., P.E., G.E. M.ASCEJohn France, P.E., D.WRE, M.ASCERalph Grismala, P.E., M.ASCEJustin Nettle, P.E.Zakeyo Ngoma, P.E.Minal Parekh, Ph D., P.E.Elena Sossenkina, P.E., M.ASCEJay Statler, P.E., M.ASCEManoshree Sundaram, P.E., M.ASCETravis Tutka, P.E.Jennifer Williams, P.E.Karen Aguillard, P.E.x

32、ii ACKnoWlEDGMEnTSOrganizations That Provided Support for Members Committee ParticipationAECOMASCEAAvista CorporationBrookfield Renewable ResourcesColorado School of MinesFERCFindlay EngineeringHDR Engineering, Inc.ICFMcMillen-JacobsMetropolitan Water District of Southern CaliforniaMWHPaul C. Rizzo

33、Associates, Inc.Puget Sound EnergySteve Fry ConsultingUS Bureau of ReclamationUSACEThe committee expresses special appreciation to Dr. Pierre Choquet, with-out whose inspiration this committee might not have been formed and for his generous assistance in assembling and reviewing the manual.xiiiPREFA

34、CEThis Manual of Practice for Monitoring Dam Performance: Instrumentation and Measurements is an addition to the series of publications by members of the Hydropower Committee of the Energy Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).The Hydropower Committee of ASCEs Energy Division wa

35、s formed to develop and distribute information on all aspects of hydroelectric power to the hydroelectric community. The Hydropower Committee prepares and publishes Manuals of Practice, Guidelines, and Technical Reports about engineering and scientific issues related to hydroelectric facilities. The

36、 Hydro-power Committee seeks to serve an audience beyond civil engineers to include scientists, economists, and technologists with expertise in related areas. This focus is driven by the hydropower industrys desire to integrate science, environment, economics, operation, and maintenance into the sco

37、pe of its activities.In 1997, task committee volunteers studied and reported means and methods of monitoring dam performance with instruments and measure-ments. The outcome of that committees work was Guidelines for Instru-mentation and Measurements for Monitoring Dam Performance published in 2000.

38、Since that publication, there have been many innovations in both means and methods of monitoring dam performance. This manual pre-sents the current state of practice with the intent of providing a convenient reference for owners, engineers, regulators, and others with an interest in dam safety.There

39、 are no simple rules or standards for determining the proper level of instrumentation and measurements to monitor dam performance. Each dam is unique. The consequences of failure, complexity of dam and foun-dation, known problems and concerns, and degree of design conservatism all require considerat

40、ion in deciding both what to measure and how to measure. With that understanding, the purposes of this manual are to con-sider the following:xiv PREFACE Recognizing vulnerabilities affecting dam performance, Identifying performance indicators, Understanding means and methods of measuring performance

41、 indicators, Planning and implementing a monitoring program, Acquiring data, Managing, presenting, and evaluating data, and Making decisions and taking action.Additional advances in monitoring technology will bring new and better means and methods for monitoring, but the principles outlined in this

42、manual will have enduring value.This manual is intended to be informative but not prescriptive. With its foundation and appurtenant works, each dam presents its own set of chal-lenges. Deciding on how to monitor its behavior requires skill and judg-ment beyond the scope of this manual.1CHAPTER 1INTR

43、ODUCTIONWhen you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it. . . .Lord KelvinWelcome to Monitoring Dam PerformanceInstrumentation and Measure-ments. This manual reviews the current state of practice for monitoring dam performance as part of the Am

44、erican Society of Civil Engineers commitment to serve the worldwide community of dam engineering professionals.Monitoring dam performance is a global enterprise. Almost every coun-try in the world has dams that are monitored for performance by their owners and engineers. Many countries have agencies with monitoring guidelines and regulations for safe practice. These include agencies such as the CWC in India, U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Chinas Ministry of Energy, Canadian Dam Associa