1、 ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 92Manhole Inspection and RehabilitationSecond EditionPrepared bythe Committee on Manhole Rehabilitation ofthe Pipeline Division ofthe American Society of Civil EngineersEdited byJoanne B. HughesLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataMa
2、nhole inspection and rehabilitation / prepared by the Committee onManhole Rehabilitation of the Pipeline Division of the American Societyof Civil Engineers; edited by Joanne B. Hughes.2nd ed.p. cm.(ASCE manuals and reports on engineering practice; no. 92)Includes bibliographical references and index
3、.ISBN 978-0-7844-1053-01. ManholesInspection. 2. ManholesMaintenance and repair. I. Hughes, Joanne B. II. American Society of Civil Engineers. Committee on Manhole Rehabilitation.TD696.M36 2009628.25dc222009024839Published by American Society of Civil Engineers1801 Alexander Bell DriveReston, Virgin
4、ia 20191www.pubs.asce.orgAny statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement made herein. No reference made in this publication to any specifi c method, product, process, o
5、r service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. The materials are for general information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as a reference in purchase specifi cations, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal
6、 document.ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus, product, or process discussed in this publication, and assumes no liability therefor. This information should not
7、be used without fi rst securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specifi c application. Anyone utilizing this information assumes all liability arising from such use, including but not limited to infringement of any patent or patents.ASCE and American Society of Ci
8、vil EngineersRegistered in U.S. Patent and Trade-mark Offi ce.Photocopies and reprints. You can obtain instant permission to photocopy ASCE publica-tions by using ASCEs online permission service (http:/pubs.asce.org/permissions/requests/). Requests for 100 copies or more should be submitted to the R
9、eprints Department, Publications Division, ASCE (address above); e-mail: permissionsasce.org. A reprint order form can be found at http:/pubs.asce.org/support/reprints/.Copyright 2009 by the American Society of Civil Engineers.All Rights Reserved.ISBN 13: 978-0-7844-1053-0Manufactured in the United
10、States of America.16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 1 2 3 4 5MANUALS AND REPORTS ON ENGINEERING PRACTICE(As developed by the ASCE Technical Procedures Committee, July 1930, and revised March 1935, February 1962, and April 1982)A manual or report in this series consists of an orderly presentation of facts on a
11、 particular subject, supplemented by an analysis of limitations and applications of these facts. It contains information useful to the average engineer in his or her everyday work, rather than fi ndings that may be useful only occasionally or rarely. It is not in any sense a “stan-dard,” however; no
12、r is it so elementary or so conclusive as to provide a “rule of thumb” for nonengineers.Furthermore, material in this series, in distinction from a paper (which expresses only one persons observations or opinions), is the work of a committee or group selected to assemble and express information on a
13、 specifi c topic. As often as practicable, the committee is under the direction of one or more of the Technical Divisions and Councils, and the product evolved has been subjected to review by the Executive Committee of the Division or Council. As a step in the process of this review, proposed manusc
14、ripts are often brought before the members of the Technical Divi-sions and Councils for comment, which may serve as the basis for improvement. When published, each work shows the names of the com-mittees by which it was compiled and indicates clearly the several pro-cesses through which it has passe
15、d in review, in order that its merit may be defi nitely understood.In February 1962 (and revised in April 1982) the Board of Direction voted to establish a series entitled “Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice,” to include the Manuals published and authorized to date, future Manuals of Profes
16、sional Practice, and Reports on Engineering Practice. All such Manual or Report material of the Society would have been ref-ereed in a manner approved by the Board Committee on Publications and would be bound, with applicable discussion, in books similar to past Manuals. Numbering would be consecuti
17、ve and would be a continuation of present Manual numbers. In some cases of reports of joint committees, bypassing of Journal publications may be authorized.MANUALS AND REPORTS ON ENGINEERING PRACTICE CURRENTLY AVAILABLENo. Title40 Ground Water Management45 Consulting Engineering: A Guide for the Eng
18、agement of Engineering Services49 Urban Planning Guide50 Planning and Design Guidelines for Small Craft Harbors54 Sedimentation Engineering57 Management, Operation and Maintenance of Irrigation and Drainage Systems60 Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design and Construction, Second Edition62 Existing Sewer Eva
19、luation and Rehabilitation66 Structural Plastics Selection Manual67 Wind Tunnel Studies of Buildings and Structures68 Aeration: A Wastewater Treatment Process71 Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management73 Quality in the Constructed Project: A Guide for Owners, Designers, and Constructors77 Des
20、ign and Construction of Urban Stormwater Management Systems80 Ship Channel Design81 Guidelines for Cloud Seeding to Augment Precipitation82 Odor Control in Wastewater Treatment Plants84 Mechanical Connections in Wood Structures85 Quality of Ground Water91 Design of Guyed Electrical Transmission Stru
21、ctures92 Manhole Inspection and Rehabilitation, Second EditionNo. Title93 Crane Safety on Construction Sites94 Inland Navigation: Locks, Dams, and Channels95 Urban Subsurface Drainage97 Hydraulic Modeling: Concepts and Practice98 Conveyance of Residuals from Water and Wastewater Treatment100 Groundw
22、ater Contamination by Organic Pollutants: Analysis and Remediation101 Underwater Investigations103 Guide to Hiring and Retaining Great Civil Engineers104 Recommended Practice for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Products for Overhead Utility Line Structures105 Animal Waste Containment in Lagoons106 Horizont
23、al Auger Boring Projects107 Ship Channel Design and Operation108 Pipeline Design for Installation by Horizontal Directional Drilling109 Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Operation in Wastewater Treatment Plants110 Sedimentation Engineering: Processes, Measurements, Modeling, and Practice111 Reliabil
24、ity-Based Design of Utility Pole Structures112 Pipe Bursting Projects113 Substation Structure Design Guide114 Performance-Based Design of Structural Steel for Fire Conditions115 Pipe Ramming Projects116 Navigation Engineering Practice and Ethical StandardsMANHOLE REHABILITATION COMMITTEEAnthony Alme
25、ida, Halff manhole inspection, includingcondition assessment anddata recording; quantifi cation of I/I and structural conditions; manhole rehabilitation methods; cost-effectiveness analysis and rehabilitation method selection; construction inspection and quality control; and terminology.This page in
26、tentionally left blank 2SAFETYAsset management, including the inspection, repair, replacement, and installation of underground systems without digging, necessitates a higher worker awareness and preparedness than ever before. Manhole access and entry to these potentially dangerous environments requi
27、res strict compliance to all applicable local, state, and federal standards. Successfully performing inspection and work without injury or death should be a primary concern of everyone providing services in this haz-ardous environment.Evaluation of the manholes requiring access and accurate identifi
28、 cation of a safety plan is necessary on every project. Workers must be aware of the hazards that are present within manholes, as well as the methods and equipment necessary to perform safely within such environments.The next section illustrates and discusses the hazards associated with manholes, es
29、pecially those related to sewer manholes, and the procedures before entry, on entry, and for rescue operations that should be incorpo-rated into any existing safety program.POTENTIAL HAZARDSThe many hazards to which personnel can be exposed while perform-ing operations in manholes include the follow
30、ing: traffi c, material use, atmospheric conditions, entrapment or engulfment,56 MANHOLE INSPECTION AND REHABILITATION falling objects, mechanical and electrical hazards, ladders and scaffolding, lighting and noise, animals and pests, blood-borne pathogens, trenching and excavation, and restricted c
31、ommunication.PROJECT SAFETY ASSESSMENTEach of the hazards that may be encountered by personnel must be identifi ed and evaluated to prepare and implement control measures and monitoring procedures:Traffi cTraffi c can present the most immediate and frequent danger to workers, whether you are opening
32、 one manhole lid for a quick inspec-tion or performing major rehabilitation work. Work sites shall be evalu-ated and secured with necessary signage, safety cones, barricades, or other traffi c control mechanisms, including visible protective clothing to ensure worker protection from traffi c hazards
33、.Equipment and materialsWorkers must be educated and trained to properly use and handle all equipment and materials to be used during inspection or on the project. In addition to general safety hazards of manhole cover opening, workers shall understand all equipment, mate-rial handling and safety co
34、mmunication, and any hazards associated with the use of these tools within the manholes. Materials and equipment shall be evaluated for fl ammability, oxygen displacement, potential spills, con-tamination, and other hazards. Safety equipment must be inspected for wear and calibrated for use on a reg
35、ular basis and as regulated by law. An appropriate plan identifi es restrictions for safe use within the manholes.Personal protectionProtective clothing, gloves, boots, and eye pro-tection required to protect workers from injury shall be provided and used. Personal hygiene practices shall be followe
36、d. Prohibition of smoking, drinking, and other potentially hazardous practices shall be instituted as necessary.Physical hazardsWorkers must be educated and trained in the iden-tifi cation of potential hazards and equipped with procedures and control measures to reduce or eliminate the potential for
37、 injury.Confi ned space entryA plan must be designed to protect employees who enter manholes (confi ned spaces) and may be exposed to hazardous atmospheres, engulfment in materials, conditions that may trap or asphyxiate because of converging or sloping walls, or other safety SAFETY 7or health hazar
38、ds. Manhole entry necessitates an individualized plan because of the various hazards present, many exposing workers without warning.Sewer entry differs in three vital respects from other permit entries; fi rst, there rarely exists any way to completely isolate the space (a section of a continuous sy
39、stem) to be entered; second, because isolation is not complete, the atmosphere may suddenly and unpredictably become lethally hazard-ous (toxic, fl ammable, or explosive) from causes beyond the control of the entrant or employer; and third, experienced sewer workers are especially knowledgeable in e
40、ntry and work in their permit spaces because of their frequent entries. Unlike other employments where permit space entry is a rare and exceptional event, sewer workers usual work environment is a permit space.1PROCEDURE BEFORE ENTRYBefore entry, a written plan must be established for workers to fol
41、low every time a manhole is opened. The plan should include the following: Site- and traffi c-related hazards and potential hazards resulting from equipment or vehicles necessary to perform the inspection or work shall be evaluated with necessary procedures identifi ed to maintain safe working condi
42、tions. Connecting system layout, earlier hazards or incidents at the work site, environmental changes that could affect the manhole, sur-rounding facilities producing effl uent discharged into the system, and other likely hazards that may be encountered shall identifi ed. Proper procedures for manag
43、ing these potential hazards safely shall be included in the written plan. Complete identifi cation of materials, equipment, and procedures to be used during the project shall be evaluated to ensure that all potential hazards are mitigated within the written plan. Personal protective equipment shall
44、be identifi ed for worker protection from sewage, materials, and other contaminants to which they may be exposed. Exhaust fumes from generators, ventilation or other equip-ment, sparks or open fl ames generated from equipment or proce-dures, fl ow bypass or diversion, and electrical and mechanical l
45、ock-out requirements shall be included in the evaluation of poten-tial hazards.1Occupational Safety and Health Standards, 29 CFR 1910.146, App. E.8 MANHOLE INSPECTION AND REHABILITATION Communication devices and methods shall be identifi ed and tested for reliability, including rescue communication.
46、 Because of the potential danger wet weather events create on sewage fl ow in most systems, the weather service shall be contacted for the possibility of rain or fl ash fl ood conditions.PROCEDURE ON ENTRY Ensure that the site is secure. Ensure that all equipment necessary to enter safely is at the
47、site and available for use. Post the confi ned space entry permit required space signage and complete the entry permit, including the following:Identify rescue procedures, trained and capable rescue person-nel, and appropriate rescue equipment; provide workers with the rescue plan; and ensure that t
48、hey understand rescue procedures.Identify and control atmospheric hazards:H17040Test the atmosphere to identify (1) toxic gases, such as hydro-gen sulfi de and carbon monoxide; (2) oxygen levels, including defi ciencies and oxygen-rich atmospheres; and (3) fl ammable atmospheres caused by methane or
49、 other fl ammable dusts, gases, or vapors.H17040Initiate ventilation to remove atmospheric hazards and provide a controlled atmosphere safe for entry.H17040Continue atmospheric testing to ensure that hazards are identi-fi ed quickly on recurrence.H17040Prepare workers for safe entry based on atmospheric condi-tions and hazards identifi ed. Identify respiratory protection requirements and ensure that workers are protected from atmospheric hazards. Air purifying resp
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