ASHRAE 100-2015 Energy Conservation in Existing Buildings.pdf

1、ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 100-2015(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 100-2006)Energy Efficiency inExisting BuildingsApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on January 28, 2015; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on January 28, 2015; bythe Illuminating Engineering Society on February 1, 2015; and

2、 by the American National Standards Institute on February 2, 2015.This standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Standards Com-mittee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedure

3、s for timely,documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the standard. The change submittal form, instructions, anddeadlines may be obtained in electronic form from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or in paper form from the SeniorManager of Standards. The latest edition of

4、an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org)or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). Fo

5、r reprint permission,go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2015 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is definedby the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHR

6、AE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority,but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be co

7、nsidered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societie

8、s, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualif

9、ied in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offer

10、ing constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE doe

11、s not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL

12、 ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, bysuggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by

13、providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shal

14、l be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 100Cognizant TC: TC 7.6, Building Energy PerformanceSPLS Liaison: Charles S. Barnaby (20112014)SPLS Liaison: William F. Walter (20092011)IES Staff Liaison: Rita M. HarroldRicha

15、rd D. Hermans, Chair* (20112014) Michael Jouaneh* William B. RoseMichele Friedrich, Chair* (20092011) Jim M. Kelsey* Terry R. SharpGordon V. R. Holness, Vice Chair* Dennis R. Landsberg* Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.*Glenn Friedman, Secretary* Toby K. W. Lau* Adrienne G. Thomle*Susan I. Anderson Dunstan

16、L. Macauley, III Cedric S. TruemanChris A. Balbach Richard J. Liesen* Alfred W. WoodyRobert E. Chase* Jeff Park Ayman Youssef*Joseph T. Firrantello* Raymond E. Patenaude Alexander M. ZhivovDale L. Herron Jean T. Piecuch*Piljae Im James F. J. Poulos* Denotes members of voting status when the document

17、 was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20142015Richard L. Hall, Chair James W. Earley, Jr. Mark P. ModeraDouglass T. Reindl, Vice-Chair Steven J. Emmerich Cyrus H. NasseriJoseph R. Anderson Patricia T. Graef Heather L. PlattJames Dale Aswegan Rita M. Harrold Peter SimmondsCharles S.

18、 Barnaby Adam W. Hinge Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Donald M. Brundage Srinivas Katipamula Jack H. ZarourJohn A. Clark Debra H. Kennoy Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOWaller S. Clements Malcolm D. Knight Bjarne Wilkens Olesen, CODavid R. Conover Rick A. LarsonJohn F. Dunlap Arsen K. MelkovStephanie C. Reiniche, S

19、enior Manager of StandardsCONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 100-2015,Energy Efficiency in Existing BuildingsSECTION PAGEForeword .21 Purpose.22 Scope23 Definitions .24 Compliance Requirements55 Energy Management Plan.66 Operation and Maintenance Requirements 87 Energy-Use Analysis and Target Requirem

20、ents.98 Energy Audit Requirements 99 Implementation and Verification Requirements 1610 Residential Buildings and Dwelling Units 1711 References21Normative Annex A: Alternate Energy Intensity Targets.22Informative Annex B: Timeline 26Normative Annex C: Forms.28Informative Annex D: Operations and Main

21、tenance Requirements forBuilding Systems and Elements 36Informative Annex E: Energy Efficiency Measures .42Informative Annex F: Standard 100 Compliance Flow Chart 49Informative Annex G: Climate Zones 50Informative Annex H: Simple Payback and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis .51Informative Annex I: Building

22、Energy Modeling.52Informative Annex J: Derivation of Building Energy-Use Intensity Targets.53Informative Annex K: Alternative Methods for Energy Targets andFuel Heat Content Conversion Values“Other” Fuels60Normative Annex L: Operation and Maintenance Implementation62NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or

23、interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2015 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Co

24、nditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.2 ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 100-2015(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pr

25、o-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThis revision of ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 1

26、00-2006provides greater guidance and a more comprehensiveapproach to the retrofit of existing buildings for increasedenergy efficiency, and also brings the standard in line withother published ASHRAE documents, specifically ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2013, Energy Standard forBuildings Except Low-

27、Rise Residential Buildings, and the2011 ASHRAE HandbookHVAC Applications.The revised standard provides comprehensive anddetailed descriptions of the processes and procedures for theretrofit of existing residential and commercial buildings inorder to achieve greater measured energy efficiency. Thesta

28、ndard addresses major and minor modifications for bothresidential and commercial buildings. It addresses single andmultiple activity buildings with variable occupancy periods(one shift, two shift, three shift) and it identifies the approachfor 53 building types (per CBECS and RECS) in 17 climatezone

29、s/subzones. At the same time, it identifies requirementsfor buildings with energy targets undergoing major retrofitand for buildings without energy targets (mostly industrial,agricultural, and special laboratories) and provides multiplelevels of compliance. The standard is not intended to be a rat-i

30、ng system, such as those defined by ASHRAE or EPA. Thisstandard directly addresses a buildings energy-use efficiencyin a quantitative manner and provides a means to improvethat efficiency with an objective benchmark.Included in the revised standards are criteria for energy-use surveys and auditing a

31、nd requirements related to imple-mentation and verification. Appendices are included for life-cycle cost analysis procedures as well as identification ofpotential energy conservation measures.Recognizing that the actual occupancy of the buildingplays a key role in its performance, the standard estab

32、lishesthe need for development of an energy management plan andan operation and maintenance program. It also addresses therequirements for ongoing commissioning.The standard takes advantage of the fact that any build-ing that has been in operation for at least twelve months canquickly determine its

33、performance relative to some bench-mark, which is defined in the standard as an energy-use inten-sity target. This concept is the new paradigm for energy-conscious design, construction, and operation of buildings.1. PURPOSE1.1 This standard provides criteria that will result in energyefficiency in e

34、xisting buildings.1.2 This standard is directed toward providing proceduresand programs essential to energy efficient operation, mainte-nance, management, and monitoring; increasing the energyefficiency of the energy-using systems and components; andupgrading the thermal performance of the building

35、envelope.2. SCOPEThis standard applies to existing buildings, portions of build-ings, and building complexes, including the envelope and allsystems in the building. This standard excludes industrial andagricultural processes in buildings for which the energy tar-gets do not include those processes.3

36、. DEFINITIONS3.1 GeneralCertain terms, abbreviations, and acronyms are defined in thissection for the purposes of this standard. These definitions areapplicable to all sections of this standard.Terms that are not defined herein, but that are defined instandards that are referenced herein shall have

37、the meaningsas defined in those standards.Other terms that are not defined shall have their ordinar-ily accepted meanings within the context in which they areused. Ordinarily accepted meanings shall be based uponAmerican Standard English language usage, as documentedin an unabridged dictionary accep

38、ted by the authority havingjurisdiction.analog control: a control loop in which data is expressed ormeasured by means of one or more physical properties thatcan express any value along a continuous scale. All types ofcontrol systems may provide analog control.authority having jurisdiction (AHJ): the

39、 agency or agentresponsible for enforcing this standard.baseline: the first-year energy-use intensity for the building atthe beginning of the compliance determination process.binary control: a control loop in which there are only twostatesfor example, on-off or open-closed.building: a structure, inc

40、luding mobile homes, manufacturedhomes, and other factory-built buildings, wholly or partiallyenclosed within exterior walls, or within exterior and partywalls, and a roof, that affords shelter to persons, animals, orproperty.building manager: the person responsible for maintaining thebuilding, its

41、envelope, and its energy-using systems. Thebuilding manager may also be the person responsible forexpending funds on capital improvements to the building.building operator: the person or persons who have responsi-bility to inspect, operate, and maintain the building systemsand components that fall w

42、ithin the scope of this standard.The building operator may be an employee of the buildingowner, the building manager, or a contractor.building owner: the holder of the property title for the build-ing and/or the land upon which the building sits.capital management plan: a financial plan to set aside

43、 capitalto replace or upgrade building systems at the end of their use-ful life and/or to improve performance and energy efficiency.ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 100-2015 3complex: a group of individual or interconnected buildings oncontiguous property.conditional compliance: a compliance level between t

44、hecompletion of implementation in Section 9.1 and verificationof compliance in Section 9.2. Conditional compliance expires15 months following the completion of implementation.conditioned space: a space that is provided with heating and/or cooling capable of maintaining the temperature of thespace be

45、tween 50F (10C) and 86F (30C)crawl spaces: a shallow, unfinished space beneath the firstfloor or under the roof of a building.daylight harvesting: the automatic control of electric lightlevels in response to the amount of daylight in the space.daylight hours: the period from 30 minutes after sunrise

46、 to 30minutes before sunset.dimmer: a device that varies the current through an electriclight in order to control its level of illumination and energyusage.direct digital control (DDC): a control system consisting ofmicroprocessor-based controllers that monitor and controlbuilding systems equipment

47、through input devices (such assensors), output devices (such as switches and actuators), andprogrammed control sequences.discounted payback: the time when the accumulated savingsachieved by an investment, discounted by the appropriate dis-count rate, equals the initial cost of the investment. Theapp

48、ropriate discount rate is determined by the facility ownerto reflect the owners investment criteria.energy accounting system: a system for measuring, collect-ing, and documenting the buildings use of energy.energy auditor: see qualified energy auditor.energy cost: the total cost for energy supplied

49、to a building orbuilding site, including such charges as base charges, con-sumption charges, demand charges, customer charges, powerfactor charges, and miscellaneous charges such as sales taxes.energy efficiency measure (EEM): an action taken in the oper-ation or equipment in a building that reduces the energy use ofthe building without negative impact within the building.energy manager (EM): the individual, identified by thebuilding owner, who has responsibility for ensuring thatenergy use in the building is minimized without compromis-ing the indoor environme