1、ASHRAE STANDARDAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgMethod of Testingfor Annual FuelUtilization Efficiencyof Residential CentralFurnaces and BoilersANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-2007(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Stan
2、dard 103-1993)Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on June 23, 2007; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on June 27,2007; and by the American National Standards Institute on March 25, 2008.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number is
3、the year of ASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest copies may be purchased from ASHRAE CustomerService, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Tele-phone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada).
4、 Copyright 2007 ASHRAE, Inc.ISSN 1041-2336www.ansi.orgASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20062007David E. Knebel, ChairStephen D. Kennedy, Vice-ChairMichael F. BedaDonald L. BrandtSteven T. BushbyPaul W. CabotHugh F. CrowtherSamuel D. Cummings, Jr.Robert G. DoerrRoger L. HedrickJohn F. HoganEli P. Howard, I
5、IIFrank E. JakobJay A. KohlerJames D. LutzCarol E. MarriottMerle F. McBrideMark P. ModeraRoss D. MontgomeryH. Michael NewmanStephen V. SantoroLawrence J. SchoenStephen V. SkalkoBodh R. SubherwalJerry W. White, Jr.James E. WoodsRichard D. Hermans, BOD ExOHugh D. McMillan, III, COClaire B. Ramspeck, A
6、ssistant Director of Technology for Standards and Special ProjectsSPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined b
7、y the American National StandardsInstitute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached bydirectly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily
8、unanimity.Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with thisstandard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation
9、 of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members
10、may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees. The Assistant Director of Technology for Standards and Special Projects of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. inter
11、pretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.ASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the
12、 public in light of available information and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, orsystems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conduc
13、ted under its Standardsor Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes, by suggesting safe practices in d
14、esigning and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providingother information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referrin
15、g to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 103Cognizant TC: TC 6.3, Central Forced Air Heating and Cooling SystemsSPLS Liaison: Carol E
16、. MarriottFrank E. Jakob, ChairThomas A. Butcher, Vice-Chair*Raymond J. Albrecht*Shuqing Cui*David C. Delaquila*Darcy Q. Easterling*David H. Forney*Paul M. Haydock*Diane M. Jakobs*Stephen Kowalski*Alexander B. LekovJ.D. Marran*Cyrus H. Nasseri*Mark W. Paquette*James F. DemariaEdwin A. NordstromMatth
17、ew PesceWilliam J. Roy*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationCONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-2007Method of Testing for Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency ofResidential Central Furnaces and BoilersSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions. 24
18、 Classifications. 45 Requirements . 56 Instruments. 57 Apparatus . 68 Methods of Testing . 139 Test Procedure . 2110 Nomenclature . 2711 Calculations of Derived Results from Test Measurements . 3012 References . 49Informative Appendix A 49Informative Appendix B 50Informative Appendix C 50Informative
19、 Appendix D 54Informative Appendix E 55Informative Appendix F 55Informative Appendix G 70NOTEWhen addenda, interpretations, or errata to this standard have been approved, they can be downloadedfree of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at http:/www.ashrae.org. Copyright 2007 American Society of Heating
20、,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-2007(This foreword is not part of the standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It
21、 has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal to ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThis standard is an industry st
22、andard specifying themethod of testing for determining the Annual Fuel UtilizationEfficiency of residential and light commercial furnaces andboilers. The last significant update of the standard was in1993 when the content of the standard was aligned with theUnited States Department of Energy test pr
23、ocedures for ratingfurnaces and boilers. This revision and update of the standardreflects improvements and changes in equipment design thatwere not adequately covered by the previous version of thestandard. In particular, attention was given to the modernclasses of two-stage and modulating equipment
24、 that havecome out on the market, and equipment whose performance isaffected by post purge of the combustion chamber. Also,greater understanding and clarity regarding losses fromequipment were incorporated into the standard. Finally,changes in nomenclature and definitions were included toclarify mea
25、ning within the standard as reflected by questionsand issues handled by the committee members over the past 10years. Also, editorially, the errata from the previous versionwere incorporated into this version.The project committee is grateful to David Bixby, CyrilFowble, Esher Kweller, John Talbott,
26、and John Woodworth fortheir help in revising this standard.1. PURPOSEThe purpose of this standard is to provide procedures fordetermining the annual fuel utilization efficiency of residen-tial central furnaces and boilers.2. SCOPE2.1 This standard includesa. a test method for cyclic and part-load pe
27、rformance,b. methods for interpolating and extrapolating test data, andc. calculation procedures for establishing seasonal perfor-mance.2.2 This standard applies to central furnaces with inputs lessthan 225,000 Btu/h and boilers with inputs less than 300,000Btu/h, having gas, oil, or electric input,
28、 intended for use in res-idential applications. This standard also applies to furnacescontained within the same cabinet with central air condition-ers that have rated cooling capacities of 65,000 Btu/h or less.2.2.1 This standard applies to equipment that utilizes sin-gle-phase electric current or l
29、ow-voltage DC current.2.2.2 This standard covers the effectiveness of electrical/mechanical stack dampers only.2.3 The procedures are intended to be used to compareenergy consumption measures of various furnace and boilermodels. They are not intended to provide an absolute measureof performance in a
30、ny specific installation configuration sincethe effects of heating system installation variables are notfully taken into account.3. DEFINITIONSannual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE): the ratio of annualoutput energy to annual input energy, which includes any non-heating-season pilot input loss an
31、d, for gas or oil-firedfurnaces or boilers, does not include electric energy.air intake terminal: a device that is located on the outside ofa building and is connected to a furnace or boiler by a systemof conduits through which air for combustion is taken from theoutside environment.air shutter: an
32、adjustable device for varying the amount ofprimary air entering the burner (atmospheric and powertypes).atmospheric burner: a device for the final conveyance of thegas, or a mixture of gas and air at atmospheric pressure, to thecombustion zone.automatic vent damper: an electrically operated or therm
33、allyactuated device installed downstream of the draft hood (seestack damper).barometric draft regulator or barometric damper: a devicedesigned to maintain a constant draft in a furnace or boiler.boiler: a self-contained fuel-burning or electrically heatedappliance for supplying low-pressure steam or
34、 hot water forspace-heating application.boiler, finned-tube: a boiler whose heat exchanger consists ofonly finned tubes.boiler, low-pressure steam or hot water: an electric, gas, oroil-burning boiler designed to supply low-pressure steam orhot water for space-heating applications. A low-pressurestea
35、m boiler operates at or below 15 psig steam pressure; a hotwater boiler operates at or below 160 psig water pressure and250F water temperature.boiler outlet: the opening provided in a boiler for the exhaustof the flue gases from the combustion chamber.condensing furnace or boiler: a unit that will,
36、during the labo-ratory tests prescribed in this standard, condense part of thewater vapor in the flue gases and is equipped with a means ofcollecting and draining this condensate.control: a device used to regulate the operation of a piece ofequipment; the device regulates the gas, air, water or elec
37、tricalsupplies.control, single-stage: a control that cycles a burner betweenthe maximum heat input rate and OFF.control, modulating: a manual control, an automatic stepmodulating control, or a “two-stage control.”control, two-stage: a modulating control that both cycles aburner between reduced heat
38、input rate and OFF and betweenthe maximum heat input rate and OFF. It may also switch fromOFF to reduced fire to high fire to OFF under certain loadconditions.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-2007 3control, step modulating: a modulating control that cycles aburner between the reduced input rate and OFF if t
39、he heatingload is light. If a higher heating load is encountered that cannotbe met with the reduced input rate, the control goes into amodulating mode where it either gradually or incrementallyincreases the input rate to meet the higher heating load. At thatpoint, if a lower heating load is encounte
40、red, the control eithergradually or incrementally decreases to the reduced input rate.a. automatic modulating control: a step modulatingcontrol that is capable of controlling burner fuelinput rate between the maximum and the minimumadjustable input rate in response to varying heatingload without man
41、ual intervention.b. manually adjusted modulating control: a step mod-ulating control adjusted for reduced input at the timeof installation of the furnace or boiler, set by theinstaller.direct exhaust system: a venting system supplied or recom-mended by the manufacturer and through which the products
42、of combustion pass directly from the furnace or boiler to theoutside and that does not employ a means of draft relief. Thisincludes systems that have small air passages in the flue withan opening area that is not in excess of 10% of the cross-sectional area of the stack.direct vent system: a system
43、consisting of (a) a centralfurnace or boiler for indoor installation; (b) combustion airconnections between the furnace or boiler and the outdooratmosphere; (c) flue gas connections between the furnace orboiler and the vent cap; and (d) a vent cap for installationoutdoors, supplied or specified by t
44、he manufacturer andconstructed so that all air for combustion is obtained from theoutdoor atmosphere and all flue gases are discharged to theoutdoor environment.draft hood: a device built into a gas-fired appliance, or exter-nal to it, which is designed to (a) provide for the ready escapeof flue gas
45、ses in the event of no draft, back draft, or stoppagebeyond the draft hood, (b) prevent a back draft from enteringthe appliance, (c) neutralize the effect of stack action of thechimney or gas vent on the operation of the appliance (see inte-gral draft diverter).excess air: air that passes through th
46、e combustion chamberand the furnace flues in excess of that which is theoreticallyrequired for complete combustion.flue: a conduit between the furnace or boiler outlet and theintegral draft diverter, draft hood, barometric draft regulator,vent terminal, or any other point of draft relief.flue damper
47、: for the purposes of this standard, an electric ormechanical device installed upstream of the integral draftdiverter, draft hood, barometric draft regulator, or vent termi-nal on a unit not equipped with a draft control device, whichis designed to automatically open the venting system when theappli
48、ance is in operation and to automatically close off theventing system when the appliance is in a standby condition.flue gases: all gases in the flue during combustion in thecombustion chamber, including reaction products, inerts, andany excess air.flue losses: the sum of sensible and latent heat los
49、ses aboveroom temperature of the flue gases leaving the furnace orboiler.forced draft: air forced into the combustion chamber bymechanical means.furnace, forced-air or gravity type: an electric, gas, or oil-burning appliance designed to supply heat through a system ofducts with air as the heating medium. In an electric furnace,heat is generated by one or more electric resistance heatingelements; in a gas or oil furnace, the heat is generated bycombustion of the fuel and transferred to the air within a casingby conduction through heat exchange surfaces. Forced-airfurnaces circulate the h
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