ASHRAE 103-2017 Method of Testing for Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency of Residential Central Furnaces and Boilers.pdf

1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-2017(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-2007)Method of Testing forAnnual Fuel Utilization Efficiencyof Residential Central Furnacesand BoilersApproved by ASHRAE on June 30, 2017, and by the American National Standards Institute on July 3, 2017.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled

2、 to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the Standard number is the year ofASHRAE approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org)or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersas

3、hrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprintpermission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2017 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard

4、developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is definedby the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the co

5、ncurrence of more than a simple majority,but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory thro

6、ugh legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-

7、Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should b

8、e contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and

9、Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Gu

10、idelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes,

11、 bysuggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them is

12、 completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 103Cognizant TC: 6.3, Central Forced Air Heating and Coolin

13、g SystemsSPLS Liaison: James W. Earley, Jr.Paul M. Haydock*, Chair Thomas A. Butcher* Paul Sohler*James T. VerShaw*, Vice-Chair Jeff Gedcke* Phillip Stephens*Elbert G. Phillips*, Secretary Craig Grider* George A. Yaeger*Lawrence R. Brand* Diane M. Jakobs* Aykut Yilmaz* Denotes members of voting stat

14、us when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20172018Steven J. Emmerich, Chair Roger L. Hedrick David RobinDonald M. Brundage, Vice-Chair Rick M. Heiden Peter SimmondsNiels Bidstrup Jonathan Humble Dennis A. StankeMichael D. Corbat Srinivas Katipamula Wayne H. Stoppelm

15、oor, Jr.Drury B. Crawley Kwang Woo Kim Richard T. SwierczynaJulie M. Ferguson Larry Kouma Jack H. ZarourMichael W. Gallagher Arsen K. Melikov Lawrence C. Markel, BOD ExOWalter T. Grondzik R. Lee Millies, Jr. M. Ginger Scoggins, COVinod P. Gupta Karl L. PetermanSusanna S. Hanson Erick A. PhelpsStepha

16、nie C. Reiniche, Director of Technology ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-2017,Method of Testing for Annual

17、Fuel Utilization Efficiency ofResidential Central Furnaces and BoilersSECTION PAGEForeword .21 Purpose.22 Scope23 Definitions .24 Classifications .45 Requirements56 Instruments .57 Apparatus58 Methods of Testing149 Test Procedure2110 Nomenclature2711 Calculations of Derived Results from Test Measure

18、ments .3012 References52Informative Appendix AReducing Calculation Time in Section 11.53Informative Appendix BOil/Gas/Electric Formulas for Energy Factor54Informative Appendix CCalculation of Furnace and Boiler Comparative Average Annual Cost55Informative Appendix DGuidelines for Measuring OFF-Cycle

19、 Mass Flow Using the Tracer Gas Method59Informative Appendix EPlotted Values and Graphs.61Informative Appendix FDetermination of Boiler Performance for Low Water Temperature Applications 77Informative Appendix GBibliography .78NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be

20、 downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEwebsite at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2017 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a regis

21、tered trademark of the American National Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-2017(This foreword

22、 is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Un

23、resolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDASHRAE Standard 103 is an industry standard specifying themethod of testing for determining the annual fuel utilizationefficiency of residential and light commercial furnaces andboilers. Previou

24、s significant updates to the standard werepublished in 1993, when the content of the standard wasaligned with the United States Department of Energy test pro-cedures for rating furnaces and boilers, and in 2007. In the2007 revision, attention was given to modern classes of two-stage and modulating e

25、quipment and to equipment whoseperformance is affected by post purge of the combustionchamber. Also, greater understanding and clarity regardinglosses from equipment were incorporated into the standard.This 2017 revision focuses on improving mandatory lan-guage and on incorporating SI units. While t

26、he project com-mittee focused mostly on editorial improvements to theseareas, they also made quality improvements to the test ductand plenum figure, the system number table, and figures forsurface heat transfer coefficient and coefficient of radiation.This revision also adopts the 2013 Department of

27、 Energychange to the procedure section allowing for the optional pro-cedures for condensing equipment (Section 9.10) to beextended to two-stage modulating controls.1. PURPOSEThe purpose of this standard is to provide procedures fordetermining the annual fuel utilization efficiency of residen-tial ce

28、ntral furnaces and boilers.2. SCOPE2.1 This standard includesa. a test method for cyclic and part-load performance,b. methods for interpolating and extrapolating test data, andc. calculation procedures for establishing seasonal perfor-mance.2.2 This standard applies to central furnaces with inputs l

29、essthan 225,000 Btu/h (65.92 kW) and boilers with inputs lessthan 300,000 Btu/h (87.90 kW), having gas, oil, or electricinput, and intended for use in residential applications. Thisstandard also applies to furnaces with inputs less than225,000 Btu/h (65.92 kW) contained within the same cabinetwith c

30、entral air conditioners that have rated cooling capacitiesof 65,000 Btu/h (19.04 kW) or less. This standard applies toequipment that utilizes single-phase electric current or low-voltage DC current. 2.3 The procedures are intended to be used to compareenergy consumption measures of various furnace a

31、nd boilermodels. They are not intended to provide an absolute measureof performance in any specific installation configuration, asthe effects of heating system installation variables are notfully taken into account.3. DEFINITIONSair intake terminal: a device that is located on the outside ofa buildi

32、ng and is connected to a furnace or boiler by a systemof conduits through which air for combustion is taken fromthe outside environment.air shutter: an adjustable device for varying the amount ofprimary air entering the burner (atmospheric and powertypes).annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE): t

33、he ratio ofannual output energy to annual input energy, which includesany non-heating-season pilot input loss and, for gas- or oil-fired furnaces or boilers, does not include electric energy.atmospheric burner: a device for the final conveyance of thegas, or a mixture of gas and air at atmospheric p

34、ressure, to thecombustion zone.automatic vent damper: an electrically operated or thermallyactuated device installed downstream of the draft hood (seestack damper).barometric draft regulator or barometric damper: a devicedesigned to maintain a constant draft in a furnace or boiler.boiler: a self-con

35、tained fuel-burning or electrically heatedappliance for supplying low-pressure steam or hot water forspace-heating application.boiler, finned-tube: a boiler whose heat exchanger consists ofonly finned tubes.boiler, low-pressure steam or hot water: an electric, gas, or oil-burning boiler designed to

36、supply low-pressure steam or hotwater for space-heating applications. A low-pressure steamboiler operates at or below 15 psig (103 kPa) steam pressure; ahot-water boiler operates at or below 160 psig (1.10 MPa)water pressure and 250F (121C) water temperature.boiler outlet: the opening provided in a

37、boiler for the exhaustof the flue gases from the combustion chamber.condensing furnace or boiler: a unit that will, during the lab-oratory tests prescribed in this standard, condense part of thewater vapor in the flue gases and is equipped with a means ofcollecting and draining this condensate.contr

38、ol: a device used to regulate the operation of a piece ofequipment; the device regulates the gas, air, water, or electri-cal supplies.control, modulating: a manual control, an automatic stepmodulating control, or a two-stage control.control, single-stage: a control that cycles a burner betweenthe ma

39、ximum heat input rate and OFF.control, step modulating: a modulating control that cycles aburner between the reduced input rate and OFF if the heatingload is light. If a higher heating load is encountered that can-not be met with the reduced input rate, the control goes into amodulating mode where i

40、t either gradually or incrementallyincreases the input rate to meet the higher heating load. At ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE

41、 Standard 103-2017 3that point, if a lower heating load is encountered, the controleither gradually or incrementally decreases to the reducedinput rate.a. automatic modulating control: a step modulatingcontrol that is capable of controlling burner fuel inputrate between the maximum and the minimum a

42、djust-able input rate in response to varying heating loadwithout manual intervention.b. manually adjusted modulating control: a step modu-lating control adjusted for reduced input at the time ofinstallation of the furnace or boiler, set by the installer.control, two-stage: a modulating control that

43、both cycles aburner between reduced heat input rate and OFF and betweenthe maximum heat input rate and OFF. It may also switch fromOFF to reduced fire to high fire to OFF under certain load con-ditions.direct exhaust system: a venting system supplied or recom-mended by the manufacturer and through w

44、hich the prod-ucts of combustion pass directly from the furnace or boilerto the outside and that does not employ a means of draftrelief. This includes systems that have small air passages inthe flue with an opening area that is not in excess of 10% ofthe cross-sectional area of the stack.direct vent

45、 system: a system consisting of (a) a central fur-nace or boiler for indoor installation; (b) combustion air con-nections between the furnace or boiler and the outdooratmosphere; (c) flue gas connections between the furnace orboiler and the vent cap; and (d) a vent cap for installation out-doors, su

46、pplied or specified by the manufacturer and con-structed so that all air for combustion is obtained from theoutdoor atmosphere and all flue gases are discharged to theoutdoor environment.draft hood: a device built into a gas-fired appliance, or exter-nal to it, which is designed to (a) provide for t

47、he ready escapeof flue gases in the event of no draft, back draft, or stoppagebeyond the draft hood; (b) prevent a back draft from enteringthe appliance; and (c) neutralize the effect of stack action ofthe chimney or gas vent on the operation of the appliance (seeintegral draft diverter).excess air:

48、 air that passes through the combustion chamberand the furnace flues in excess of that which is theoreticallyrequired for complete combustion.external static pressure (ESP): the difference between thestatic pressures measured in the discharge duct and return airopenings (or return air duct when used

49、 for test). Measure-ments shall be made as close as possible to the air supply andreturn openings of the furnace and in all cases shall be madebetween the furnace openings and any restrictions or elbowsin the test plenums or ducts (see Section 8.4.2.1.2).flue: a conduit between the furnace or boiler outlet and theintegral draft diverter, draft hood, barometric draft regulator,vent terminal, or any other point of draft relief.flue damper: for the purposes of this standard, an electric ormechanical device installed upstream of the integral draftdiverter, draft