ASHRAE 118 1-2012 Method of Testing for Rating Commercial Gas Electric and Oil Service Water-Heating Equipment.pdf

1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 118.1-2012Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 118.1-2008Method of Testing forRating Commercial Gas,Electric, and Oil ServiceWater-Heating EquipmentApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on October 2, 2012; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on October 26, 2012;and by the American

2、National Standards Institute on October 27, 2012.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number is the year ofASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE Web site(www.ashrae.org

3、) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail:ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US andCanada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2012 ASHRAE ISSN 1041

4、-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE.Consensus is defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved thisstandard as an ANS, as “substantia

5、l agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrenceof more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aneffort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance wit

6、h this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliancemandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appo

7、inted specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the c

8、oncerned interests on all ProjectCommittees.The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint port

9、ions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, compone

10、nts,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to ass

11、ist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes,bysuggestingsafepracticesindesigningandinstallingequipment,byprovidingproperdefinitionsofthisequipment,andbyprovidingother information that may serve to guide the industry.The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guid

12、elines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standard Project C

13、ommittee 118.1CognizantTC:TC 6.6, Service Water HeatingSPLS Liaison: Steven F. BruningEarl J. Rightmier, Chair* Robert E. Hamos Harvey M. Sachs*James D. Lutz, Chair (2006-2008) Charles High* Fred J. SchreinerDavid T. Berning* Carl C. Hiller* Alan C. SheddJohn C. Bock Srinivas Katipamula Frank A. Sta

14、nonikRobert E. Chase Eric M. Lannes Mike Steinhafel*Titu R. Doctor Francis M. Lucas Christopher G. Stone*Stuart W. Dols R. Michael Martin Bodh R. SubherwalJames W. Earley* Danny C. Mui Martin Thomas*Timothy D. Gantt Russel I. Mullican William H. ThrasherDirk N. Granberg Frank Myers Richard F. Toppin

15、gWilbur L. Haag, Jr. Mark W Paquette Otto Z. VagoCraig A. Rummer*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20122013Kenneth W. Cooper, Chair Julie M. Ferguson Janice C. PetersonWilliam F. Walter, Vice-Chair Krishnan Gowri Heather L. Plat

16、tDouglass S. Abramson Cecily M. Grzywacz Ira G. PostonKarim Amrane Richard L. Hall Douglas T. ReindlCharles S. Barnaby Rita M. Harrold James R. TaubyHoy R. Bohanon, Jr. Adam W. Hinge James K. VallortSteven F. Bruning Debra H. Kennoy Craig P. WrayDavid R. Conover Jay A. Kohler Charles H. Culp, III, B

17、OD ExOSteven J. Emmerich Rick A. Larson Constantinos A. Balaras, COMark P. ModeraStephanie C. Reiniche, Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior w

18、ritten permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 118.1-2012,Method ofTesting for Rating Commercial Gas, Electric, andOil Service Water-Heating EquipmentSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions and Symbols. 24 Classifications by Mode of Operation. 55 Requirements . 56 Instruments. 57

19、Apparatus . 68 Methods of Testing. 129 Test Procedures . 1410 Calculation of Results. 1511 References . 18Informative Appendix ACorrection to Heating Value, H, for a Fuel Gas19Informative Appendix BMethod of Estimating Energy Required for Heating aDaily Quantity of Hot Water, U, in Gallons (Litres)

20、Exclusive ofDistribution Piping System Losses20NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2012 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a r

21、egistered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either prin

22、t or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 118.1-2012(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI

23、 requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThis test procedure is a revision of ASHRAE Standard118.12008.This standard

24、 was prepared under the auspices ofASHRAE. It may be used, in whole or in part by an associa-tion or government agency with due credit to ASHRAE.Adherence is strictly on a voluntary basis and merely in theinterest of obtaining uniform standards throughout theindustry.The changes made to the 2008 rev

25、ision are as follows:References were updated.The definitions of “Type IV” and “Type V” equipmentwere revised.Test methods and performance calculations were revisedfor all heat-pump water heaters (including air source)to be steady state, consistent with Types I, II, and IIIwater heaters.Appendix B4 w

26、as added to include heat transfer calcu-lations for direct geoexchange and water-source heat-pump water heaters.Appendix B5 was added to establish test conditions forall heat-pump water heaters.1. PURPOSEThe purpose of this standard is to provide test proceduresfor rating directly heated commercial-

27、service water-heatingequipment.2. SCOPE2.1 This standard provides test procedures for determiningthe efficiency and hot-water delivery capability of the water-heating equipment to which it applies.2.2 This standard applies to electric resistance, heat pump,gas-fired, and oil-fired water-heating equi

28、pment, includinghot-water supply boilers, with input ratings less than12,500,000 Btu/h (3660 kW) and greater than the following:Electric resistance 12 kWHeat pump 6 kW (20,500 Btu/h) (including allthree-phase, regardless of input)Gas-fired 75,000Btu/h(22kW)(seeSection2.3)Oil-fired 105,000 Btu/h (31

29、kW)2.3 This standard does not apply to gas-fired service water-heating equipment thata. has a storage capacity of less than two gallons,b. is designated to deliver water at a controlled temperatureof less than 180F (82C), andc. has an input rating less than 200,000 Btu/h (59 kW).3. DEFINITIONS AND S

30、YMBOLS3.1 Definitionsboiler, hot-water supply: a boiler used to heat water forpurposes other than space heating.cutout: the time when a thermostat has acted to reduce theenergy or fuel input to the heating elements or burners underits control to a minimum.heating cycle: the period of operation inclu

31、ding prepurge,primary heat-producing energy flow, and post-purge.heat-pump water heater: a device (including all necessaryancillary equipment fans, blowers, pumps, storage tanks,piping, and controls) that uses a refrigeration cycle, such asvapor compression, to transfer heat from a low-temperatureso

32、urce to a higher-temperature sink for the purpose of heatingpotable water.air-source heat-pump water heater (AS-HPWH):utilizes surrounding air as the heat source.direct geoexchange heat-pump water heater (DG-HPWH): utilizes the earth as the heat source.water-source heat-pump water heater (WS-HPWH):u

33、tilizes supplied liquid as the heat source.input rating: the rating that appears on the water heatersrating plate, expressed in kilowatts (kW) or British thermalunits per hour (Btu/h), as appropriate.mean tank temperature: the mean of the water temperaturesdetermined using the water-heating equipmen

34、t tank thermo-couple described in Section 7.3.1.service water heating: heating water for purposes other thanspace heating.3.2 SymbolsCfg= volume conversion factor = 7.48055 gal/ft3(1000L/m3)Cge= conversion factor from kWh to Btu = 3412 Btu/kWhCOPh= average coefficient of performance for heat-pumpwat

35、er heaters; dimensionless ratio of useful water-heating energy output to input energyCp= specific heat of water = 1.00 Btu/(lbF) (4184 J/kgC)Cpg= nominal specific heat of water at 105F (average of140F and 70F), or the specific heat of water at theappropriate temperature = 8.25 Btu/galF (1.15kW/m3C)C

36、ptw= specific heat of test water solution (15% methanolby weight) at average test water solutiontemperature in Sections 9.1.1 and 9.1.2Cs= correction factor applied to gas if it is not at standardtemperature and pressure (see Appendix A) ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional rep

37、roduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 118.1-2012 3CWJ= conversion of electric power = 3,600,000 J/kWhEB = energybalance;theheatpumpwaterheateroverallenergy balance calculated in Section

38、9.1.3, Btu/hEgmin= equivalent gallons (litres) per hour, continuousEt= thermal efficiency as calculated in Section 10.2.1Etp= thermal efficiency during reduced input ascalculated in Section 10.2.2FR = flow rate; the water flow rate established at fullinput rating in Section 8.7, gal (L/min)FRa= aver

39、age of flow rate for the duration of the thermalefficiency test in Section 9.1.1, gal (L/min)FRh= water flow rate during the heat-pump water heaterwater-heating-mode test, Types IV and V inSection 9.1, gal (L/min)FRmin= water flow rate established at minimum inputrating in Section 8.7.2, gal (L/min)

40、FRp= tested flow rate at partial input; average of FRminfor the duration of the thermal efficiency test inSection 9.1.2, gal (L/min)FRtw= test water solution flow rate during the fullcapacity heating test for the DG-HPWH and WS-HPWH in Section 9.1.1, gal (L/min)FRtwp= test water solution flow rate d

41、uring the reduced-capacity heating test for the DG-HPWH and WS-HPWH in Section 9.1.2, gal (L/min)H = actual higher heating value for the test gas, Btu/ft3(kJ/m3)Ho= actual higher heating value for the test fuel oil,Btu/lb (kJ/kg)I = full input rating for water-heating equipment, Btu/h(kW) (tested in

42、put rating in kW for electric water-heating equipment)PPh= pump electric power coefficient in Section 7.6,W/gpmpsi W/(L/skPa)Pwd= pressure differential between heat-pump waterheater entering and leaving water flow in Section7.6, psi (kPa)Qh= heat-pump water heater water-heating capacity;average of t

43、est results from the heat-pump waterheater water-heating output test in Section 9.1,Btu/h (kW)Qhe= heat-pump water heater power input from heat-pump water heater water-heating output test inSection 9.1, Btu/h (kW)Qn= quantity of energy calculated from standby energyconsumption test in Section 10.4.1

44、, Btu/h (kW)Qs= quantity of energy calculated from standby energyconsumption test in Section 10.4.2, Btu (J)Qse= quantity of electrical energy consumed during thestandby energy consumption test in Sections 9.2.1and 9.2.3Qsg= quantity of gas energy consumed during thestandby energy consumption test i

45、n Sections 9.2.1and 9.2.3Qso= quantity of oil energy consumed during thestandby energy consumption test in Sections 9.2.1and 9.2.3Qte= quantity of electrical energy consumed duringthermal efficiency test in Section 9.1.1Qtep= quantity of electrical energy consumed duringreduced input thermal efficie

46、ncy test in Section9.1.2Qtg= quantity of gas energy consumed during thermalefficiency test in Section 9.1.1Qtgp= quantity of gas energy consumed during reducedinput thermal efficiency test in Section 9.1.2Qto= quantity of oil energy consumed during thermalefficiency test in Section 9.1.1Qtop= quanti

47、ty of oil energy consumed during reducedinput thermal efficiency test in Section 9.1.2Qtw= DG-HPWH or WS-HPWH evaporator energyinput transferred by test water solution duringheating capacity tests in Section 9.1.1, Btu/h (kW)Qtwp= DG-HPWH or WS-HPWH evaporator energyinput transferred by test water s

48、olution duringheating capacity tests in Section 9.1.2, Btu/h (kW)qlci= heat-pump water-heater latent cooling capacity inheat-pump water-heater cooling capacity test inSection 9.3, Btu/h (kW)qsci= heat-pump water-heater sensible cooling capacityin heat-pump water-heater cooling capacity test inSectio

49、n 9.3, Btu/h (kW)qtci= heat-pump water-heater total cooling capacity inheat-pump water-heater cooling capacity test inSection 9.3, Btu (kW) per hourR = recovery rate, gal/h (L/h)S = standby loss ratio as calculated in Section 10.4.1Seh= electrical energy consumed by the resistanceheater only (the water heater bypassed ordisconnected)duringstandbyenergyconsumptiontest, kWhTah0= initial air dry-bulb temperature of heat-pumpwater-heater test room during water-heating-modetest in Section 9.3, F (C)Tahf= final air dry-bulb temperature of heat-pump wat