ASHRAE 133-2015 Method of Testing Direct Evaporative Air Coolers.pdf

1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 133-2015(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 133-2008)Method of TestingDirect EvaporativeAir CoolersApproved by ASHRAE on January 30, 2015, and by the American National Standards Institute on February 2, 2015.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the dat

2、e following the standard number is the year ofASHRAE approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) orfrom ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-

3、636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission,go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2015 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Cons

4、ensus is definedby the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority,but

5、 not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus th

6、rough participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other

7、 committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the cont

8、ents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in

9、light of available information and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under i

10、ts Standards or Guidelineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, bysuggesting safe practices in designing an

11、d installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them is completely voluntary.In referring to this S

12、tandard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standards Project Committee 133Cognizant TC: TC 5.7, Evaporative CoolingSPLS Liaison: Waller S. Clements Patricia T. Graef, Chair*

13、 Gursaran D. Mathur* Hofu Wu*Klas C. Haglid* Roy T. Otterbein* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20142015Richard L. Hall, Chair James W. Earley, Jr. Mark P. ModeraDouglass T. Reindl, Vice-Chair Steven J. Emmerich Cyrus H. Nasser

14、iJoseph R. Anderson Patricia T. Graef Heather L. PlattJames Dale Aswegan Rita M. Harrold Peter SimmondsCharles S. Barnaby Adam W. Hinge Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Donald M. Brundage Srinivas Katipamula Jack H. ZarourJohn A. Clark Debra H. Kennoy Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOWaller S. Clements Malcolm D. Knig

15、ht Bjarne Wilkens Olesen, CODavid R. Conover Rick A. LarsonJohn F. Dunlap Arsen K. MelkovStephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without

16、ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 133-2015,Method of Testing Direct Evaporative Air CoolersSECTION PAGEForeword .21 Purpose.22 Scope23 Definitions .24 Symbols and Subscripts35 Requirements46 Instruments and Methods of Measurement.47 Equipment and Setup68 Data to Be Record

17、ed.79 Calculations.710 Performance Corrections to Nominal or Standard Airflow Rate and Speed911 Report and Results of Test912 References10Informative Annex A: Bibliography 11Informative Annex B: Additional Figures .12NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloade

18、d free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2015 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered tra

19、demark of the American National Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 133-2015(This foreword is not p

20、art of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved

21、objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDFirst published in 2001, Standard 133 provides proceduresfor testing direct evaporative cooling devices under labora-tory conditions to obtain rating information. As an ASHRAEmethod-of-test standard, it

22、is intended to offer recommendedpractices and accurate measurement procedures. In addition,the committee incorporates the effects of ambient conditions,testing error, instrument accuracy, and the need to make cer-tain that no other sources of heat transfer are taking placeduring the testing.This rev

23、ision makes a key change to Standard 133- 2008.The density correction to saturation effectiveness has beensimplified by clarifying that it shall be reported only as afunction of actual test standard airflow.Various other improvements were made as well. Refer-ences were updated to the latest editions

24、, and mandatory lan-guage was clarified.1. PURPOSEThis standard establishes a uniform method of laboratory test-ing for rating packaged and component direct evaporative aircoolers.2. SCOPE2.1 The scope of this standard covers a method of testing forrating the saturation effectiveness, airflow rate,

25、and total powerof packaged and component direct evaporative air coolers.2.2 Covered tests also include the methods for measuring thestatic pressure differential of the direct evaporative air cooler,density of the air, and speed of rotation of the fan.2.3 This standard requires that packaged and comp

26、onentdirect evaporative air coolers be simultaneously tested for air-flow, total power, and saturation effectiveness.2.4 The ratings resulting from application of this standard areintended for use by manufacturers, specifiers, installers, andusers of evaporative air cooling apparatus for residential

27、,commercial, agricultural, and industrial ventilation; for air-cooling applications; and for commercial, industrial, and agri-cultural processing applications.3. DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMSadiabatic saturation: evaporating water into air withoutexternal gain or loss of heat. Sensible heat in both air a

28、ndwater becomes latent heat in evaporated vapor. The air iscooled and humidified.appurtenance device power: the electric power to driveaccessoriesnot including fans, pumps, or rotary devicessupplied as a standard component of the production model ofthe evaporative cooling unit (ECU) and the appurten

29、ancesthat are necessary for, contribute to, or enhance the coolingcapacity of the ECU. Appurtenance device power includes,but is not limited to, water metering devices, conductivitycontrollers, timers, dump cycle pumps, and solenoids.Devices such as thermostats, transformers providing low volt-age t

30、o control mechanisms, and freeze protection devicesshall not be included.boundaries: evaporative cooling unit inlet and outlet bound-aries are defined as the interface between the cooling unitand the remainder of the system, and these boundaries are ata plane perpendicular to the airstream where it

31、enters orleaves the ECU. Various appurtenances, such as filter mediaassemblies, inlet boxes, inlet vanes, inlet cones, silencers,screens, rain hoods, dampers, discharge cones, and eaves,that are supplied as standard components to the unit shall beincluded as a part of the cooling unit between the in

32、let andoutlet ponent direct evaporative cooler: a self-contained cabi-net without a fan whose primary functions are (a) the conver-sion of the sensible heat of unsaturated air passing throughthe cabinet to latent heat by the process of evaporating recir-culating or nonrecirculating water directly ex

33、posed to this airand (b) the movement of this air through the cabinet thatallows a portion of this water to evaporate. An example of acomponent direct evaporative cooler is shown in InformativeAppendix B, Figure B-7.determination: a complete set of measurements for a particu-lar point of operation o

34、f an ECU. The measurements shall besufficient to determine all ECU performance variables asdefined in this standard.ECU: a term created for use in this document that stands for“evaporative cooling unit.” The term cooling unit is also usedinterchangeably throughout this document for evaporativecoolin

35、g unit, evaporative air cooler, and evaporative cooler.ECU airflow rate: the volumetric airflow rate based on enter-ing air density.ECU outlet area: the gross inside area measured in theplane(s) of the outlet opening(s).ECU static pressure differential: the static pressure differen-tial measured acr

36、oss the ECU and its appurtenances at eachpoint of operation.ECU total power: the sum of the power in watts supplied tothe electrical components of the evaporative cooler tested.This includes fan motors, pump motors, and other devicesneeded to produce the cooling effect. The power to controldevices s

37、uch as thermostats, transformers providing low volt-age to control mechanisms, and freeze protection devicesshall not be included in total power.ECU water flow rate: the water supplied to the ECU header.evaporative air cooling: two methods using evaporatingwater to cool air: direct, which is adiabat

38、ic and humidifies theair, and indirect, which is not adiabatic and cools the air beingtreated without adding moisture. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written

39、 permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 133-2015 3fan power: the power required to drive the fan and any ele-ments in the drive train that are considered a part of the fan.fan speed: the rotational speed of the impeller. If a fan hasmore than one impeller, fan speeds are the rotational speedsof each impell

40、er.free delivery: the point of operation where the external staticpressure is zero.gas constant: the gas constant (R) for air is 287.1 J/kgK(53.35 ftlbf/lbmR).packaged direct evaporative cooler: a self-contained unit,including a fan and fan motor, whose primary functions are(a) the conversion of the

41、 sensible heat of unsaturated air pass-ing through the cabinet to latent heat by the process of evapo-rating recirculating or nonrecirculating water directly exposedto this air and (b) the movement of this air through the unit.An example of a direct evaporative air cooler is shown inInformative Appe

42、ndix B, Figure B-6.point of operation: the relative position on the cooling unitcharacteristic curve corresponding to a particular airflow rate.It is controlled during a test by adjusting the position of thethrottling device, by changing flow nozzles or auxiliary fancharacteristics, or by any combin

43、ation of these.pressure, barometric: the absolute pressure exerted by theatmosphere.pump or rotary device power: the electric power to drive thepump or rotary device used to distribute water in the ECU.saturation effectiveness: the dry-bulb temperature reductionachieved by the ECU divided by the ent

44、ering wet-bulbdepression.shutoff: the point of operation where the airflow rate is zero.standard air: dry air with a density of 1.204 kg/m3(0.075lbm/ft3), a specific heat of 1.006 kJ/kgK (0.24 Btu/lbmF),and a viscosity of 1.82105Ns/m2(1.22105lbm/fts). Airat 20C (68F), 0% relative humidity, and 101.3

45、25 kPa (29.92in. Hg) has these properties, approximately.test: a series of determinations for various points of operation.wet-bulb depression: the difference between the dry-bulb andwet-bulb temperatures of an airstream.4. SYMBOLS AND SUBSCRIPTS4.1 SymbolsA area of cross section, m2(ft2)C nozzle dis

46、charge coefficient, dimensionlessD diameter and equivalent diameter, m (ft)D pressure tap diameter, mm (in.)E energy factor, dimensionlessL nozzle throat dimension, m (ft)M chamber diameter or equivalent diameter, m (ft)Nnnominal or corrected fan speed, rpmN ECU fan speed as measured, rpmn number of

47、 readings, dimensionlessPnstatic pressure at nominal air density, Pa (in. wg)Psxstatic pressure at plane x, Pa (in. wg)Pstdstatic pressure at standard air density, Pa (in. wg)pbambient barometric pressure, Pa (in. Hg)pesaturated vapor pressure at twx, Pa (in. Hg)pppartial vapor pressure, Pa (in. Hg)

48、QECUECU airflow rate, m3/s (cfm)Qnnominal airflow rate, m3/s (cfm)QwECU water flow rate, L/s (gpm)R gas constant, J/kgK (ftlbf/lbmR)Re Reynolds number, dimensionlesstdxdry-bulb temperature at plane x, C (F)twxwet-bulb temperature at plane x, C (F)Vxvelocity at plane x, m/s (fpm)W total power, WWfpow

49、er input to ECU fan, WWfnnominal power input to ECU fan, WWppower input to pump or rotary device, WWapower input to appurtenances, WWstdtotal ECU power at standard air density, WWfstdECU fan power at standard air density, WY nozzle expansion factor, dimensionless static pressure ratio for nozzles, dimensionless diameter ratio for nozzles, dimensionless saturation effectiveness, dimensionless ratio of specific heats of air, dimensionlessP pressure differential, Pa (in. wg)PECUpressure differential across ECU, Pa (in. wg)Pel