ASHRAE 170-2008 Ventilation of Health Care Facilities (Includes ANSI ASHRAE ASHE addenda listed in Appendix C)《卫生保健设施通风》.pdf

1、ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170-2013(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170-2008)Includes ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE addenda listed in Appendix CVentilation of HealthCare FacilitiesSee Appendix C for approval dates by the ASHRAE Standards Committee, the ASHRAE Board of Directors, the ASHE Board ofDirectors, a

2、nd the American National Standards Institute.This standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Standards Com-mittee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for timely,document

3、ed, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the standard. The change submittal form, instructions, anddeadlines may be obtained in electronic form from the ASHRAE Web site (www.ashrae.org) or in paper form from the Managerof Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be p

4、urchased from the ASHRAE Web site (www.ashrae.org) or fromASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129.Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go to

5、www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2013 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE.Consensus is defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which ha

6、s approved thisstandard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrenceof more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aneffort

7、 be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliancemandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE S

8、tandards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of th

9、e Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees.The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improv

10、ing the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure t

11、he safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRA

12、E Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes,bysuggestingsafepracticesindesigningandinstallingequipment,byprovidingproperdefinitionsofthisequipment,andbyprovidingother information that may serve to guide the i

13、ndustry.The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has

14、been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 170CognizantTC:TC 9.6, Healthcare FacilitiesSPLS Liaison 2011-2013: Douglass S. AbramsonSPLS Liaison 2009-2011: Byron W. JonesSPLS Liaison 2008-2009: William F. Walter Paul T. Ninomura, Chair Hamid Habibi Richard D. MoellerChris P. R

15、ousseau, Co-Vice Chair and Secretary Jeffery M. Hardin Tyler NinomuraMichael P. Sheerin, Co-Vice Chair Richard D. Hermans Russell N. OlmstedJudene M. Bartley* Michael R. Keen Heather L. PlattTheodore Cohen Marvin L. Kloostra Anand K. SethJohn M. Dombrowski Peter H. Langowski Rajendra N. ShahDouglas

16、S. Erickson Michael F. Mamayek Gordon P. SharpJames (Skip) Gregory Farhad Memarzadeh Andrew J. StreifelMichael E. Woolsey*This edition is dedicated to our friend and colleague, Judene Bartley. This Standard benefited tremendously from her her insight andtireless contributions regarding healthcare in

17、fection prevention.ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20132014William F. Walter, Chair John F. Dunlap Rick A. LarsonRichard L. Hall, Vice-Chair James W. Earley, Jr. Mark P. ModeraKarim Amrane Steven J. Emmerich Cyrus H. NasseriJoseph R. Anderson Julie M. Ferguson Janice C. PetersonJames Dale Aswegan Krishna

18、n Gowri Heather L. PlattCharles S. Barnaby Cecily M. Grzywacz Douglas T. ReindlSteven F. Bruning Rita M. Harrold Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOJohn A. Clark Adam W. Hinge Thomas E. Werkema, Jr., COWaller S. Clements Debra H. KennoyDavid R. Conover Malcolm D. KnightStephanie C. Reiniche, Manager of Standards

19、 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170-2013,Ventilation of Health Care FacilitiesSECTION PAGEForeword .21 P

20、urpose.22 Scope23 Definitions .24 Compliance .35 Planning 46 Systems and Equipment .47 Space Ventilation 78 Planning, Construction, and System Startup 139 Normative References 14Informative Appendix AOperations and Maintenance Procedures15Informative Appendix BInformative References and Bibliography

21、.16Informative Appendix CAddenda Description Information.17NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2013 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.A

22、SHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in

23、 either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170-2013(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed acco

24、rding to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170, Ventilation ofHealth Care

25、 Facilities, is one of a family of documents thatoffers guidance, regulation, and mandates to designers ofhealth care facilities. It is first and foremost a mandatoryminimum requirement and, as such, may not always offer thestate-of-the-art best practice for health care ventilationdesign. Other publ

26、ications, such as the ASHRAE HVACDesign Manual for Hospitals and Clinics, 2nd Edition, com-plement the standard, providing additional depth and detailfor the designer. In addition, the health care designer mustrefer to any design requirements from the appropriate juris-diction that has authority. Ma

27、ny jurisdictions use or refer toGuidelines for Design and Construction of Health Care Facil-ities, published by the Facility Guidelines Institute (FGI).Where practical, the committee was cognizant of these otherdocuments in the development of this standard.Ventilation design for health care spaces i

28、s a combina-tion of tasks that leads to a set of documents used in construc-tion. One such task requires medical planners to developdepartmental programs of spaces. These programs includespace names that suggest the use for which the space isintended, and health care ventilation designers depend upo

29、nthese names to determine the ventilation parameters for theirdesigns. This standard provides these ventilation parameters.Ventilation systems and designs for health care facilitiesare intended to provide a comfortable environment forpatients, health care workers, and visitors while diluting, cap-tu

30、ring and exhausting airborne contaminants including poten-tially infectious airborne agents such as M. tuberculosis.Without high-quality ventilation in health care facilities,patients, health care workers, and visitors can becomeexposed to contaminants through normal respiration of parti-cles in the

31、 air. Poorly ventilated health care facilities mayincrease the concentration of airborne contaminants includingfungi or mold, which may cause allergic responses in evenhealthy workers and occupants. Some patients are profoundlyimmunosuppressed for prolonged periods and, if exposed, arehighly suscept

32、ible to infection from fungi. For such patients,fungal spores become invasive pathogens and lead to highrates of severe morbidity and mortality. For all these reasons,and considering the various occupancies and patient popula-tions, great care must be taken in the design of health careventilation sy

33、stems.1. PURPOSEThepurposeofthisstandardistodefineventilationsystemdesign requirements that provide environmental control forcomfort, asepsis, and odor in health care facilities.2. SCOPE2.1 The requirements in this standard apply to patient-careareas and related support areas within health care faci

34、lities,including hospitals, nursing facilities, and outpatient facilities.2.2 This standard applies to new buildings, additions to exist-ing buildings, and those alterations to existing buildings thatare identified within this standard.2.3 This standard considers chemical, physical, and biologi-cal

35、contaminants that can affect the delivery of medical careto patients; the convalescence of patients; and the safety ofpatients, health care workers, and visitors.3. DEFINITIONSabsorption distance: the distance downstream of a humidifierrequired for all moisture to be absorbed into the airstream.addi

36、tion: an extension or increase in floor area or height of abuilding, building system, or equipment.airborne infection isolation (AII): the isolation of patientsinfected with organisms spread by airborne droplet nuclei lessthan 5 m in diameter (see FGI 2010 in Informative Appen-dix B). For the purpos

37、es of this standard, the abbreviation“AII” refers to the room that provides isolation.airborne infection isolation room: a room that is designedaccording to the requirements of this standard and that isintended to provide airborne infection isolation.alteration: a significant change in the function

38、or size of aspace, in the use of its systems, or in the use of its equipment,either through rearrangement, replacement, or addition. Rou-tine maintenance and service shall not constitute an alteration.authority having jurisdiction: the agent or agency responsi-ble for enforcing this standard.average

39、 velocity: the volumetric flow rate obtained by divid-ing the air quantity issuing from an air distribution device bythe nominal face area of the device.building: a structure that is wholly or partially enclosedwithin exterior walls and a roof, or within exterior and partywalls and a roof, and that

40、affords shelter to persons, animals,or property. In this standard, a building is a structure intendedfor use as a hospital or health care facility.classification of surgeries:procedure room (Class A surgery): provides minor sur-gical procedures performed under topical, local, orregional anesthesia w

41、ithout preoperative sedation.Excluded are intravenous, spinal, and epidural proce-dures, which are Class B or C surgeries.operating room (Class B surgery): provides minor ormajor surgical procedures performed in conjunction withoral, parenteral, or intravenous sedation or performedwith the patient u

42、nder analgesic or dissociative drugs.operating room (Class C surgery): provides major surgi-cal procedures that require general or regional blockanesthesia and/or support of vital bodily functions.(For more information on this method of classifying sur-geries, see ACS (2000) in InformativeAppendix B

43、.) ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170-2013 3equipment: devices for heating, ventilating, and/or air condi-tionin

44、g, including but not limited to furnaces, boilers, air con-ditioners, heat pumps, chillers, and heat exchangers.essential accessories: those components of a system requiredto allow proper operation of that system that are reasonablysubject to mechanical failure (e.g., pumps, fans, control aircompres

45、sors). Humidifiers, controls, and tanks are notincluded in this definition.high-risk immunocompromised patients: patients who havethe greatest risk of infection caused by airborne or waterbornemicroorganisms. These patients include but are not limited toallogeneic stem-cell transplant patients and i

46、ntensive chemo-therapy patients.infection control risk assessment (ICRA): a determination ofthe potential risk of transmission of various infectious agentsin the facility, a classification of those risks, and a list ofrequired practices for mitigating those risks during construc-tion or renovation.i

47、mmunocompromised patients: patients whose immunemechanisms are deficient because of immunologic disorders(e.g., human immunodeficiency virus HIV infection or con-genital immune deficiency syndrome), chronic diseases (e.g.,diabetes, cancer, emphysema, or cardiac failure), or immuno-suppressive therap

48、y (e.g., radiation, cytotoxic chemotherapy,antirejection medication, or steroids) (see CDC 2003 inInformativeAppendix B).inpatient: a patient whose stay at the health care facility isanticipated to require twenty-four hours or more of patientcare.invasive imaging procedure room: a room in which radi

49、o-graphic imaging is used and in which instruments or devicesare inserted into patients through the skin or body orificeunder sterile conditions for diagnosis and/or treatment.nonaspirating diffuser: a diffuser that has unidirectionaldownward airflow from the ceiling with minimum entrain-ment of room air. Classified as ASHRAE Group E, these dif-fusers generally have very low average velocity. For thepurposes of this standard, the performance of these diffusersis to be measured in terms of average velocity.nursing facility: a facility that provides resident ca