ASHRAE 171-2008 Method of Testing Seismic Restraint Devices for HVAC&R Equipment《HVAC&R设备的耐震装置试验方法》.pdf

1、ASHRAE STANDARDANSI/ASHRAE Standard 171-2008Method of Testing Seismic Restraint Devices forHVAC by the ASHRAE Board of Directors onJune 25, 2008; and by the American National Standards Institute on June 26, 2008. ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following t

2、he standard numberis the year of ASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest copies may be purchased from ASHRAE Cus-tomer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for ord

3、ers in US and Canada). Copyright 2008 ASHRAEISSN 1041-2336American Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20072008Stephen D. Kennedy, ChairHugh F. Crowther, Vice-ChairRobert G. BakerMichael

4、 F. BedaDonald L. BrandtSteven T. BushbyPaul W. CabotKenneth W. CooperSamuel D. Cummings, Jr.K. William DeanRobert G. DoerrRoger L. HedrickEli P. Howard, IIIFrank E. JakobNadar R. JayaramanByron W. JonesJay A. KohlerJames D. LutzCarol E. MarriottR. Michael MartinMerle F. McBrideFrank MyersH. Michael

5、 NewmanLawrence J. SchoenBodh R. SubherwalJerry W. White, Jr.Bjarne W. Olesen, BOD ExOLynn G. Bellenger, COClaire B. Ramspeck, Assistant Director of Technology for Standards and Special ProjectsSPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed und

6、er the auspices of the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined by the American National StandardsInstitute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached bydirectly

7、and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with thisstandard is voluntary unt

8、il and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purp

9、ose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Proje

10、ctCommittees. The Assistant Director of Technology for Standards and Special Projects of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permissio

11、n to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any

12、products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are e

13、stablished to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providingother information that may serve to guide the industry. The

14、creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approve

15、d by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 171Cognizant TC: TC 2.7, Seismic and Wind Restraint DesignSPLS Liaison: Robert G. Baker*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication.James R. Tauby, Chair* David J. Jeltes*Warren E. Blazier, Jr.* Gregory L. Meeuwsen*Jam

16、es A. Carlson* Robert E. Simmons*CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 171-2008Method of Testing Seismic Restraint Devices for HVAC&R EquipmentSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions. 24 Precautions. 35 Requirements . 36 Instruments. 37 Testing Apparatus. 38 Methods of Testing . 39 Test Pr

17、ocedures 4NOTEWhen addenda, interpretations, or errata to this standard have been approved, they can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at www.ashrae.org. Copyright 2008 American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA

18、30329www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 171-2008(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may con

19、tain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThis standard was created to provide an accepted methodfor verifying the seismic capabilities of seismic restraint

20、s. Theneed for such a method was recognized in ASHRAEs A Prac-tical Guide to Seismic Restraint, and ASHRAE TechnicalCommittee 2.7, Seismic and Wind Restraint Design, proposedthat this standard be developed. Currently the manufacturersof seismic restraints test their products in different ways. Theai

21、m of this standard is to give architects, engineers, and manu-facturers a common method of determining the capabilities ofseismic restraints.1. PURPOSEThe purpose of this standard is to provide static-testprocedures for determining the capacity of seismic restraintsfor HVAC&R equipment. These test p

22、rocedures determine themaximum force a restraint can withstand without breakage orpermanent deformation.2. SCOPEThis standard applies to the following types of seismicrestraints that are manufactured from the following types ofmaterials.2.1 Types of Seismic Restraintsa. Cable restraints used for HVA

23、C&R equipment that ismounted on the floor or suspended from the buildingstructure and for associated pipe, ductwork, electricalraceways, and other devices suspended from the buildingstructure.b. Combination isolator/restraints that are directly mountedto equipment or to structural frames attached to

24、 equip-ment, including isolated curbs.c. Seismic snubbers that are directly mounted to equipmentor mounted to structural frames attached to equipment.d. Structural shapes (i.e., rigid bracing) used for HVAC&Requipment that is mounted on the floor or suspended fromthe building structure and for assoc

25、iated pipe, ductwork,electrical raceways, and other devices suspended from thebuilding structure.2.2 Types of Materialsa. Ferrous metals, including those used in ductile castings,structural stainless steel, and structural carbon steel.b. Non-ferrous materials, including aluminum, copper, andbrass.c.

26、 Non-metallic materials such as fiberglass, elastomers,natural rubber, and composites.d. This standard does not apply to non-ductile materials.3. DEFINITIONSThe following key terms used in the standard are definedin this section.anchor: a device for connecting equipment and attachments tothe buildin

27、g structure.attachments: support systems used to connect equipment,pipe, conduit, or ductwork to the building. bumper: an angle or other steel shape that is rigidly mountedto the building structure in a pattern around the equipment baseto limit horizontal movement. cable brace: a steel cable designe

28、d for use as a seismic swaybrace for suspended equipment, piping, or ductwork. Also seepre-stretched cable.calibration: the process of checking (and adjusting as needed)the accuracy of a measuring instrument by comparison with anational standard. cantilevered: used to describe a support member conne

29、cted atone end and unsupported at the other bination isolator/restraint: a seismic restraint device thatacts as both a vibration isolator and a seismic restraint (snubber).differential movement: the relative movement between twoobjects or surfaces.deformation: a change in test-specimen dimensions as

30、 a resultof an applied force.ductile: having the capability for plastic deformation intension and shear. ductility: the ability of an element in a tensile test to be elon-gated at least 14% and reduced in area by at least 30%. elastomeric: having flexibility in all directions such that thematerial w

31、ill return to its original shape if removed from itsenvironment.failure: the point at which the test specimen can no longeraccept load or is not capable of continuing to serve as seismicrestraint.grommet: a rubber or elastomeric bushing-shaped ring thatmay be used in restrained springs and snubbers

32、or with boltsto provide a cushioned or flexible connection. load path: the path that a load travels when there is seismicsupport of equipment and internal components. It can betraced though connections and support steel to the buildingstructure.mode of failure: an indication of how a component faile

33、d(including the component and type of failure).non-ductile: not having the capability for plastic deformationin tension or shear.pre-stretched cable: cable that is stretched after it is manufactured.restrained spring: a vibration isolator containing a springenclosed in a welded or bolted steel housi

34、ng that limits themovement of the spring equipment attachment.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 171-2008 3seismic cable: a steel or stainless-steel braided rope.seismic restraint: an attachment device designed to helpequipment withstand an earthquake.seismic rod clamp: a clamping device for attaching rod stiff-e

35、ners to a vertical threaded rod.shear: the force applied in a sliding motion perpendicular tothe load path.shim: a thin wedge or material used to fill a space.seismic snubber: a seismic restraint used on isolated systemswith an air gap and an elastomeric bushing that restricts themotion of non-struc

36、tural components.snug tight: the force applied by hand to bring two or morematerials together without a space and without the use of tools.solid brace: a steel angle, strut channel, or other steel sectiondesigned for use as a seismic sway brace for suspended non-structural components. Also called a

37、rigid brace.structural steel shape: a manufactured steel component, onethat is typically available in a variety of shapes.strut: a manufactured steel shape that is produced in variousU-shaped patterns and sizes.strut frame: a steel framing made from strut members that actas a support to transfer the

38、 equipment weight to the buildingstructure. See strut.sway brace: a solid (rigid) brace or cable brace that providesseismic restraint.test fixture: additional steel sections that attach the test spec-imen to the test machine. Also referred to as a test jig or jig. vibration isolated: a restraint con

39、dition that allows flexiblemotion between equipment, piping, or ductwork and the build-ing structure.vibration isolators: components containing resilient elementsused to separate equipment from the building structure.yield: the point at which the strain on a material exceeds itselastic limit.4. PREC

40、AUTIONS4.1 Keep in mind that the properties of the test specimenmay be changed by any bending, forming, or welding that it issubjected to. It is important to take this possible change intoaccount when determining load values for testing. Otherwise,the test sample could fail unexpectedly. 4.2 If any

41、test specimen fails because of mechanical reasonssuch as failure of the test equipment or improper specimenpreparation, it may be discarded and another specimen used. 5. REQUIREMENTS5.1 To comply with this standard, the seismic restraintequipment shall be tested to determine the maximum forcea restr

42、aint can withstand without sustaining breakage orpermanent deformation according to the requirements ofSections 6, 7, 8, and 9.6. INSTRUMENTS6.1 Instruments with the degree of accuracy noted belowshall be used for the following measurements: Weight: 1.0% of tared measured weightRelative humidity: 2.

43、0% of measured valueTime: 0.5 s/hLoad: 1.0% of maximum load testedHydraulic or mechanical compression/tension: 1.0% ofmaximum load testedLoad cells: 1.0% of maximum load tested Dial indicators: 1.0% of maximum load tested6.2 Instruments shall be calibrated at least once per year anda record shall be

44、 kept containing, at a minimum, the date ofcalibration, the method of calibration, and the traceability tonational standards.7. TESTING APPARATUS7.1 Test Platform. Test fixtures shall provide componentattachments to simulate typical field installations as definedby the manufacturers installation ins

45、tructions. Test fixturesand jigs shall be designed such that they neither help nor hin-der the test results.7.2 Test Setup. Placement of the instrumentation shall beapplied to fully measure the maximum effect of the loadapplied and to minimize the effects of distortion on the testfixture. Restraints

46、 shall be attached to the fixtures with hard-ware capable of withstanding the highest expected load.7.3 Test Fixtures. Test fixtures and jigs shall be designed tohold the specimen in the proper orientation to allow loading inthe required direction. Test fixtures shall be rigid enough toprevent disto

47、rtion of the test fixture and provide specimenattachments that simulate typical field installations. The useof high strength bolts (SAE Grade 8, ASTM A490, or ISOClass 10.9), if needed to ensure the capacity of the specimen,shall be evaluated independently from the anchorage. 8. METHODS OF TESTING8.

48、1 General. The seismic restraint equipment shall beinstalled and operated in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions unless specifically required otherwise by the testmethod. The seismic restraint equipment shall be equippedwith the apparatus described in Section 7 and with therequired instrum

49、entation described in Section 6 and shall beset up for recording data, as necessary.8.2 Test Environment8.2.1 Laboratory Temperature. The laboratory shall bemaintained within a temperature range of 60F to 90F (15Cto 32C).4 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 171-20089. TEST PROCEDURESThis section prescribes the test procedures for the follow-ing five types of seismic restraint devices: 1. Cable restraint systems (Section 9.1)2. Combination isolator/restraints (Section 9.2)3. Seismic snubbers (Section 9.3)4. Bumpers (Section 9.4)5. Solid bracing (Section 9.5)9.1 Test Procedure for C