ASHRAE 188-2015 Legionellosis Risk Management for Building Water Systems.pdf

1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015Legionellosis:Risk Management forBuilding Water SystemsApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on May 27, 2015; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on June 4, 2015; andby the American National Standards Institute on June 26, 2015.This Standard is under continuous mainten

2、ance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the StandardsCommittee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures fortimely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the Standard. The change subm

3、ittal form,instructions, and deadlines may be obtained in electronic form from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or in paperform from the Senior Manager of Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from theASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service,

4、1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305.E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (fororders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2015 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336ASHRAE Standing Standard Proj

5、ect Committee 188Cognizant TC: Environmental Health Committee Co-cognizant TCs: 3.6, Water Treatment; and 6.6, Service Water Heating SystemsSPLS Liaison: Patricia GraefASHRAE Staff Liaison: Stephanie ReinicheThomas E. Watson,* Chair Claressa Lucas* Robert J. Cunningham, IIIPaul A. Lindahl, Jr.,* Vic

6、e-Chair Scott E. Mayes* David F. GearyMichael P. Patton,* Secretary Clifton McClellan* Ronald GeorgeStu Asay* William F. McCoy* Joseph M. Hannigan, Jr.Clive R. Broadbent* Richard D. Miller* Lauri HicksHelen R. Cerra* R. Lee Millies, Jr.* Thomas W. JohnsonSteven Cutter* Eric R. Myers* Sergio La MuraJ

7、ohn DAngelo, Jr.* Amy Nichols* David F. GearyPeter DeMarco* Richard J. Pearson* Frank MyersLinda L. Dickey* William E. Pearson, II* Patrick L.P. RacineCharles E. Dorgan* Billy Smith* Patsy RootSarah Ferrari* Alan Spence* Aaron RosenblattKatherine K. Flamm* Janet E. Stout* Kevin A. ScarlettWilliam A.

8、 Gaines, III* Walter N. Vernon* Leon ShaprioCarolyn Gilliland* Ronald E. Wood* Matt SiglerPatricia T. Graef* Jon J. Cohen Wayne R. ThomannTim Keane* Todd Cornwell Alain Trahan* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationSPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard

9、(ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is defined by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached by directlyand materially af

10、fected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that allviews and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a

11、legal jurisdictionmakes compliance mandatory through legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing t

12、he Standard. The Project Committee Chair andVice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, all must be technically qualified in the subjectarea of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. T

13、he Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE u

14、ses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and accepted industry practices.However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systems tested, installed, or o

15、perated inaccordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offerin

16、g a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, by suggesting safepractices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other information that may serve to guide theindustry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determin

17、ed by the need for them, and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied, that the product hasbeen approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20142015Richard

18、 L. Hall, Chair James W. Earley, Jr. Mark P. ModeraDouglass T. Reindl, Vice-Chair Steven J. Emmerich Cyrus H. NasseriJoseph R. Anderson Patricia T. Graef Heather L. PlattJames Dale Aswegan Rita M. Harrold Peter SimmondsCharles S. Barnaby Adam W. Hinge Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Donald M. Brundage Srin

19、ivas Katipamula Jack H. ZarourJohn A. Clark Debra H. Kennoy Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOWaller S. Clements Malcolm D. Knight Bjarne Wilkens Olesen, CODavid R. Conover Rick A. LarsonJohn F. Dunlap Arsen K. MelkovStephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use on

20、ly. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015Legionellosis: Risk Management for Building Water SystemsSECTION PAGEForeword .21 Purpose.22 Scope23 Definitions .

21、24 Compliance .35 Building Survey .46 General Requirements47 Requirements for Building Water Systems .68 Requirements for Designing Building Water Systems 109 References11Normative Annex A: Health Care Facilities .12Informative Annex B: Bibliography 15Informative Annex C: Guidance if Legionella Test

22、ing Is Utilized.16NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2015 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the Am

23、erican Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not perm

24、itted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standarda

25、nd may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThe purpose of ASHRAE Standard 188 is to establish minimumlegionellosis risk management requirements f

26、or building watersystems.“Legionellosis” refers to two distinct clinical illnesses.When the bacterium Legionella causes pneumonia, the dis-ease is referred to as “Legionnaires disease” (LD). The Cen-ters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates thateach year there are between 8000 and 18,0

27、00 cases of LD inthe United States and that more than 10% of these cases arefatal. Legionella can also cause a less-severe influenza-likeillness known as “Pontiac fever.” Most cases of legionellosisare the result of exposure to Legionella associated with build-ing water systems.The presence of Legio

28、nella bacteria in building water sys-tems is not in itself sufficient to cause LD. Other necessaryfactors include environmental conditions that promote thegrowth of Legionella, a means of transmitting the bacteria topeople in the building (e.g., aerosol generation), and exposureof susceptible person

29、s to colonized water that is inhaled oraspirated into the lungs. Legionella bacteria are not transmit-ted person-to-person or from normal (nonaspirated) ingestionof contaminated water. Susceptible persons at high risk forlegionellosis include but are not limited to the elderly, dialysispatients, per

30、sons who smoke, and persons with underlyingmedical conditions that weaken the immune system.This standard is intended for use by owners and manag-ers of human-occupied buildings and those involved in thedesign, construction, installation, commissioning, operation,maintenance, and service of centrali

31、zed building water sys-tems and components.Standard 188 consists of numbered normative sectionsfollowed by normative and informative annexes. The norma-tive sections and normative annex specify the requirements tocomply with this standard. The informative annexes and infor-mative bibliography are pr

32、ovided for guidance that may behelpful for a given building water system. Building water sys-tems vary substantially in their design and their capability fortransmission of Legionella. Scientific evidence is either lack-ing or inconclusive in certain aspects of Legionella control.Therefore, the info

33、rmative annexes and informative bibliogra-phy to this document provide suggestions, recommendations,and references to guidance.ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC)188 has devoted a considerable amount of time and thoughtto resolving the concerns of affected and interested parties.The co

34、mmittee thanks everyone who participated in the devel-opment of the standard, especially those who made publicreview comments.Because changes to improve the standard are anticipated,Standard 188 is now on continuous maintenance, permitting itto be updated through the publication of approved addenda.

35、The planned schedule for republication with approved addendaand errata is anticipated to be every third year.1. PURPOSEThe purpose of this standard is to establish minimum Legio-nellosis risk management requirements for building watersystems.2. SCOPE2.1 This standard provides minimum legionellosis r

36、isk man-agement requirements for the design, construction, commis-sioning, operation, maintenance, repair, replacement, andexpansion of new and existing buildings and their associated(potable and nonpotable) water systems and components.2.2 This standard applies to human-occupied commercial,institut

37、ional, multiunit residential, and industrial buildings.This standard does not include single-family residential build-ings. Only where specifically noted in this standard shall cer-tain building water systems or parts of building water systemsbe exempt.2.3 This standard is intended for use by owners

38、 and manag-ers of human-occupied buildings, excluding single-familyresidential buildings. This standard is also intended for thoseinvolved in the design, construction, installation, commis-sioning, operation, maintenance, and service of centralizedbuilding water systems and components.3. DEFINITIONS

39、analysis of building water systems: the systematic evaluationof potentially hazardous conditions associated with each stepin the process flow diagrams.at-risk: any person who is more susceptible than the generalpopulation to developing legionellosis because of age, health,medication, occupation, or

40、smoking.authority having jurisdiction (AHJ): an organization, office,or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements ofthis standard.beneficial occupancy: stage of construction when all or partof a building is to be occupied for the purpose for which itwas constructed, whether before or aft

41、er completion.building water systems: potable and nonpotable water sys-tems in the building or on the site.centralized building water system: any system that distrib-utes water to multiple uses or multiple locations within thebuilding or site.control: to manage the conditions of an operation in orde

42、r tomaintain compliance with established criteria.control location: a point where a physical, mechanical, oper-ational, or chemical control measure is required.control limit: a maximum value, a minimum value, or a rangeof values to which a chemical or physical parameter associated ASHRAE (www.ashrae

43、.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015 3with a control measure must be monitored and maintained inorder to reduce the occurrence of a

44、hazardous condition to anacceptable level.control measure: a disinfectant, heating, cooling, filtering,flushing, or other means, methods, or procedures used tomaintain the physical or chemical conditions of water towithin control limits.corrective action: action to be taken to return control valuest

45、o within established limits when monitoring or measurementindicates the control values are outside the established controllimits.designee: the individual designated by the building owner tomeet the requirements placed on the owner by the standard.disinfectant: chemical agent or physical treatments u

46、sed tokill or inactivate pathogens.disinfection: the process of killing or inactivating pathogens.disinfectant residual: the net amount of a chemical disinfec-tant remaining in treated water after chemical demand exertedby the water is satisfied.hazard: Legionella bacteria in a building water system

47、 that, inthe absence of control, can cause harm to humans.hazardous condition: a condition that contributes to thepotential for harmful human exposure to Legionella.HVACreplacement of valves, hydrants, or meters; pumping failures;pipeline breaks; and other system repairs or emergency condi-tions.wat

48、er use end points: the points at which water exits from allpotable and nonpotable building water systems, fixtures, andequipment.4. COMPLIANCEThe results of each Section 4 compliance determination andthe associated building survey in Section 5 shall be docu-mented and shall be available for review b

49、y the authority hav-ing jurisdiction (AHJ).4.1 Building Designer Requirements4.1.1 Survey each new building design and its water sys-tems to determine if the design contains any of the devices orfactors described in Section 5 that relate to legionellosis.Ifthe building and associated property hasa. any of the building water systems in Section 5.1, then allof those building water systems shall comply with allapplicable requirements of Section 8 of this standard.b. any of the factors listed in Section 5.2, then the new build-ing design shall comply with the requirement