ASHRAE 193-2010 Method of Test for Determining the Airtightness of HVAC Equipment.pdf

1、ASHRAE STANDARDANSI/ASHRAE Standard 193-2010Method of Test for Determining the Airtightness of HVAC EquipmentApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on June 26, 2010; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors onJune 30, 2010; and by the American National Standards Institute on July 1, 2010. ASHRAE Standar

2、ds are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard numberis the year of ASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be pur-chased on the ASHRAE Web site (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle,NE, Atl

3、anta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400(worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go towww.ashrae.org/permissions. Copyright 2010 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engi

4、neers, Inc.ISSN 1041-2336American Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20092010Steven T. Bushby, ChairH. Michael Newman, Vice-ChairRobert G. BakerMichael F. BedaHoy R. Bohanon, Jr.Kenneth

5、 W. CooperK. William DeanMartin DieryckxAllan B. FraserKatherine G. HammackNadar R. JayaramanByron W. JonesJay A. KohlerCarol E. MarriottMerle F. McBrideFrank MyersJanice C. PetersonDouglas T. ReindlLawrence J. SchoenBoggarm S. SettyBodh R. SubherwalJames R. TaubyJames K. VallortWilliam F. WalterMic

6、hael W. WoodfordCraig P. WrayWayne R. Reedy, BOD ExOThomas E. Watson, COStephanie Reiniche, Manager of StandardsSPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Condition

7、ing Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined by the American National StandardsInstitute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached bydirectly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of mor

8、e than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with thisstandard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.

9、ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be mem

10、bers of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees. The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interp

11、retation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benef

12、it of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tes

13、ts conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes, by suggesting safe pract

14、ices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providingother information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In

15、 referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 193Cognizant TCs: TC 4.3, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration, and TC 6.3, Ce

16、ntral Forced Air Heating and Cooling SystemsSPLS Liaison: K. William Dean*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationMichael R. Lubliner, Chair* Paul M. Haydock* Elbert G. Phillips*Iain S. Walker, Vice-Chair* Kevin E. Keller* Brian L. ReynoldsJames Lee Austermille

17、r* Lalit Kumar* Armin Rudd*Roy R. Crawford* Collin L. Olson* Steven Schneider*James B. Cummings* Hans Paller Steven Andrew TiceGlenn Friedman* George A. Yaeger* American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reprodu

18、ction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 193-2010Method of Test for Determining the Airtightness of HVAC EquipmentSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions. 24 Nomencla

19、ture . 25 Test Apparatus and Specifications . 26 Test Procedure . 47 Data to be Recorded 5Informative Annex A: Bibliography 5NOTEWhen addenda, errata, or interpretations to this standard have been approved, they can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at www.ashrae.org/technology.

20、Copyright 2010 American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional re

21、production, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 193-2010(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the st

22、andard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDOne of the most impor

23、tant predictors of a buildingsenergy efficiency is its HVAC system. There are a numberof ways to measure the performance of HVAC systemsenergy efficiency ratings being one of the most commonbut the airtightness of the equipment is obviously animportant factor as well. Air that is not delivered to ar

24、easas specified in the building design is air that is not beingused efficiently. With this in mind, ASHRAE Standard 193was created to test the airtightness of HVAC equipment.Targeted at systems that move less than 3000 cfm(1400 L/s), Standard 193 will provide results that may beused by cognizant aut

25、horities who wish to regulate the airleakage of HVAC equipment and by contractors andinstallers that wish to specify and install equipment withknown leakage characteristics. The approach taken in this method of test is to deter-mine the air leakage rate of HVAC equipment at a fixedreference pressure

26、 difference. In this way Standard 193 issimilar to other rating standards that perform evaluationsat a single condition for comparison purposes rather thanattempting to estimate performance for an individualinstallation. Because this test method can be applied to awide range of equipment, it is beyo

27、nd the scope of thisstandard to fully specify detailed test arrangements.Currently the need for minimizing air leakage inHVAC systems is reflected in various ASHRAE standards.ASHRAE Standard 62.2 limits allowable air leakagebetween garages and houses due to leaks in forced-airHVAC systems. ASHRAE St

28、andard 152 includes HVACsystem air leakage in estimates of distribution system effi-ciency for residential buildings. But while these standardsaim to reduce the overall air leakage found in HVAC sys-tems, neither provides a way to determine the effectivenessof specific components in an HVAC system i

29、n preventingair leakage. Although ASHRAE Standard 130 includes atest method for measuring air leakage of air terminalunits, it does not specify a fixed test pressure suitable forairtightness ratings. 1. PURPOSEThis standard prescribes a method of test to determine theairtightness of forced-air HVAC

30、equipment prior to fieldinstallation.2. SCOPE2.1 This standard applies to the following:a. Equipment intended for installation in ducted systems,including furnaces, heat pumps, air conditioners, coilboxes, filter boxes, and associated components. b. Equipment that moves less than 3000 cfm (1400 L/s)

31、 ofair.2.2 This standard does not apply to ducts, plenums, or otherfield-constructed components.3. DEFINITIONSWhere the following terms occur in this standard, the defi-nitions provided in this section apply.air-handling unit (AHU): any device that includes a fan orblower for moving air through duct

32、work. Examples includefurnaces, fan-coil units, energy or heat recovery units, andexhaust fans.cased coil: a heating or cooling coil that is mounted in a cabi-net and contains no fan or blower.duct-mounted air cleaner: a media air filter or other air-cleaning device that is mounted in a cabinet and

33、has no fan orblower.standard conditions: for the purposes of this standard, stan-dard conditions are defined as follows: 68F (20C) fortemperature, 0.07517 lb/ft3(1.2041 kg/m3) for air density, and29.92 in. Hg (101.325 kPa) for barometric pressure. variable-air-volume (VAV) box: a terminal air contro

34、l devicethat regulates the amount of air entering a space; usuallycontains a damper but no fan or blower.4. NOMENCLATUREPbaro= barometric pressure, in. Hg (kPa)Qleak= air leakage of equipment under test adjusted tostandard conditions and corrected forbackground leakage, cfm (L/s)Qbg = background air

35、 leakage rate of the testapparatus, cfm (L/s)Qbg,std= background air leakage rate of the test apparatusadjusted to standard conditions, cfm (L/s)Qmeas= measured air leakage rate, cfm (L/s)Qmeas,std= measured air leakage of equipment under testadjusted to standard conditions, cfm (L/s)Tmeas= temperat

36、ure of air flowing through the airflowmeter, F (C)5. TEST APPARATUS AND SPECIFICATIONSThis method of test requires the depressurization and/orpressurization of HVAC equipment to a specified test pres-sure. The airflow rate required to maintain the applied pres-sures is the air leakage rate of the eq

37、uipment under test,Qleak. Schematics of typical test apparatuses are shown inFigures 1 and 2. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital for

38、m is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 193-2010 3Figure 1 Schematic of test apparatus and equipment under test for pressurization or depressurization testing.Figure 2 Schematic of test apparatus and equipment under test for split-test procedure. American Soc

39、iety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.4 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 193-20105.1 Test Appara

40、tusThe test apparatus shall consist of the following compo-nents:a. An air-moving blower or equivalent device capable ofcontrolling airflow for pressurizing or depressurizing theequipment under test to a pressure difference of 0.5 in.H2O (125 Pa).b. An airflow measuring device capable of measuring v

41、olu-metric airflow at the required test pressure difference withthe accuracy stated in Section 5.2.1.c. A pressure-measuring device capable of measuring therequired pressure difference with the accuracy stated inSection 5.2.2.d. Temperature measurement devices capable of measuringair temperature wit

42、h the accuracy stated in Section 5.2.3.e. A pressure-measuring device to measure barometric pres-sure with the accuracy stated in Section 5.2.4.5.2 Test Apparatus SpecificationsThe test apparatus shall meet the following specifications. 5.2.1 Airflows shall be measured with an accuracy equalto or be

43、tter than 2 cfm (1 L/s) or 5% of measured flow, which-ever is larger, and with a precision equal to or better than 1 cfm(0.5 L/s). 5.2.2 Pressures shall be measured with an accuracy equalto or better than 0.004 in. H2O (1.0 Pa) and a precision equalto or better than 0.002 in. H2O (0.5 Pa).5.2.3 Temp

44、erature measurements shall be made usingdevices with an accuracy equal to or better than 2F (1C) andwith a precision equal to or better than 1F (0.5C). 5.2.4 Barometric pressures shall be measured with anaccuracy equal to or better than 0.15 in. Hg (0.5 kPa).6. TEST PROCEDUREThis test procedure shal

45、l be used to determine the amountof airflow, Qleak, for the equipment under test. Qleakshall bea positive value representing the magnitude of the measuredairflow. The background leakage described in Section 6.1 shall bemeasured for all test procedures. Table 1 shall then be used toselect an addition

46、al equipment-specific test method to beperformed. The barometric pressure, Pbaro, and the tempera-ture, Tmeas, of the air flowing through the measurement deviceshall be determined for each airflow measurement.6.1 Background Air-Leakage Rate of the Test Apparatus6.1.1 An air impermeable blanking cap

47、shall be used tocover the opening of the test apparatus to which the equip-ment under test is connected. 6.1.2 The air-moving device shall be turned on and used tocreate a pressure difference of 0.5 in. H2O (125 Pa) betweenthe inside and outside of the equipment under test, with theinside of the equ

48、ipment depressurized relative to ambient con-ditions.6.1.3 Measure the volumetric airflow, (Qbg).6.1.4 Convert the background leakage flows to standardconditions, Qbg,std, using Equation 2 or 3, as applicable.6.1.5 If positive pressure tests are to be performed, repeatthe background leakage test in

49、pressurization mode to deter-mine Qbg+,std.6.2 Air-Leakage Test Methods6.2.1 Depressurization Test6.2.1.1 The equipment shall be connected to the air-moving device. An impermeable blanking cap shall beapplied to the open end or ends of the equipment under test, ifapplicable. This connection shall be made with the same air-sealing technique as used for the background air leakage mea-surements of Section 6.1.6.2.1.2 The air-moving device shall be turned on andused to create a pressure difference of 0.5 in. H2O (125 Pa)between the inside and outside of the equipment