ASHRAE 195-2013 Method of Test for Rating Air Terminal Unit Controls.pdf

1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 195-2013Method of Testfor Rating Air TerminalUnit ControlsApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on June 22, 2013; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on June 26, 2013; and bythe American National Standards Institute on June 27, 2013.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated

2、 on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number is the year ofASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website(www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail:orde

3、rsashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US andCanada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2013 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus stand

4、ard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE.Consensus is defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved thisstandard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies th

5、e concurrenceof more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aneffort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliancemandatory t

6、hrough legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vic

7、e-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees.The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be conta

8、cted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidel

9、ines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelin

10、es or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes,bysugge

11、stingsafepracticesindesigningandinstallingequipment,byprovidingproperdefinitionsofthisequipment,andbyprovidingother information that may serve to guide the industry.The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In r

12、eferring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE Standard Project Committee 195Co

13、gnizantTC:TC 1.4, ControlTheory and ApplicationSPLS Liaison: Charles S. BarnabyJames J. Coogan, Chair* Jerry SipesLeonard A. Damiano* Jeffrey R. Stein*David John Steven TomDamian Ljungquist* Bradley Tully*Fred Lorch Xiaohui Zhou*Roger G. Richardson, I*ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20122013Kenneth W. Co

14、oper, Chair Julie M. Ferguson Janice C. PetersonWilliam F. Walter, Vice-Chair Krishnan Gowri Heather L. PlattDouglass S. Abramson Cecily M. Grzywacz Ira G. PostonKarim Amrane Richard L. Hall Douglas T. ReindlCharles S. Barnaby Rita M. Harrold James R. TaubyHoy R. Bohanon, Jr. Adam W. Hinge James K.

15、VallortSteven F. Bruning Debra H. Kennoy Craig P. WrayDavid R. Conover Jay A. Kohler Charles H. Culp, III, BOD ExOSteven J. Emmerich Rick A. Larson Constantinos A. Balaras, COMark P. ModeraStephanie C. Reiniche, Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduc

16、tion, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 195-2013,Method ofTest for Rating AirTerminal Unit ControlsSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions. 24 Instrumentation. 35 Tes

17、t Setup 46 Test Methods 57 Test Report. 78 References . 13Informative Appendix ARating Conditions.14Informative Appendix BExemplary Test Facility and Guidance for Measuring Air at Low Flow Rates .15NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge fr

18、om the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2013 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the Ameri

19、can National Standards Institute.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 195-2013(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain m

20、aterial that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDStandard 195-2013 specifies instrumentation, facilities,test installation methods, and procedures for determining theacc

21、uracy and stability of airflow control systems for terminalunits at various airflow setpoints.It is intended for application in the following scenarios:An HVAC system specifier indicates performancerequirements for airflow control for a given project. Therequirements are specified in terms of nomina

22、l flowrates, accuracy, stability, operating pressures, and otherrelevant conditions. Contractors or suppliers documentperformance of proposed equipment based on tests runand reported in accordance with this standard.A supplier of airflow controls wishing to publish thecapabilities of a product execu

23、tes tests and reportsresults in accordance with this standard. The supplierchooses the operating conditions to test and report.The Standard Project Committee does not envisionapplication of this standard to field tests or acceptance testsin construction projects.This standard method of test (MOT) re

24、ports perfor-mance as a pass/fail rating with respect to a control accu-racy tolerance, rather than reporting a measured, numericalaccuracy. It is envisioned that the standard may be extendedin the future to report measured accuracy.This standard MOT pertains to some of the same equip-ment as Standa

25、rd 130-20081and measures some of the samequantities. In particular, Standard 130-2008 includes teststhat measure accuracy of an airflow sensor installed in a ter-minal. This MOT measures the accuracy of the airflow con-trol system, which encompasses the terminal and sensor, butalso includes sensing

26、functions and control actions integralto an airflow controller.This standard MOT describes procedures that apply tosingle-duct air terminals without fans. Future versions mayinclude procedures that apply to other air terminals.1. PURPOSEThis standard specifies instrumentation, facilities, testinstal

27、lation methods, and procedures for determining theaccuracy and stability of airflow control systems for terminalunits at various airflow setpoints.2. SCOPEThis standard applies to electronic and/or pneumaticcontrol systems used for pressure independent airflow controlin terminal units for variable-a

28、ir-volume (VAV) and constant-volume (CV) air moving systems.3. DEFINITIONS3.1 This section provides definitions of key terms used inthis standard. For terms not defined, refer to the definitionslisted in ASHRAE Terminology of Heating, Ventilation, AirConditioning, & Refrigeration.2air terminal: a si

29、ngle-duct air valve that automaticallymodulates the volume of air delivered to or removed froma defined space in response to an external demand.airflow: for the purpose of this test method, airflow is theunit volume displacement of standard air per unit time. It isnormally measured in standard cubic

30、 feet per minute (ft3/min) or liters per second (L/s).ammeter: a device used to measure the electrical current ina circuit.amplification factor (F): the ratio of flow-probe pressuresensor output to true velocity pressure. For example, a flow-probe pressure sensor output of 1.0 in. H20 (0.25 kPa) of

31、pres-sure at a velocity pressure Pvof 0.43 in. H20 (0.11 kPa) wouldhave an amplification factor of 1.0/0.43 = 2.3 (0.25/0.11 =2.3).where both pressures are expressed in the same units.F may be calculated from flow coefficient K with thefollowing formula, where A is the nominal duct area in squarefee

32、t. The nominal duct area is calculated based on the geom-etry of the duct, not on the actual free area.auto-zero feature: any automatic means of adjusting the zerocalibration point of a pressure or velocity transducer.differential pressure: difference in pressure between any twolocations in a system

33、.equivalent diameter: the diameter of a circular-duct equiva-lent that will have a cross-sectional area that is equal to that ofaparticularrectangularduct.Theequivalentdiameteriscalcu-lated by the following equation:De=(4A/)0.5, where A is the cross-sectional area.flow coefficient (K-factor): standa

34、rd airflow in ft3/min (m3/s)corresponding to a flow-probe pressure sensor output of 1 in.H2O.KmaybecalculatedfromtheamplificationfactorFwiththe following formula, where A is the nominal duct area insquare feet (cubic meters):FPflowprobePv-=F1096AK -2=K1096AF-=ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 195-2013 3K is used

35、 with some terminal unit controls to calculatestandard airflow using the following equation, where Q isairflow in cubic feet per minute (m3/s) and P is flow sensoroutput in inches of water (kPa):flow-probe signal: output of a velocity pressure flow probe(typically an amplified velocity pressure).nat

36、ional measurement standard: measurement standardrecognizedbynationalauthoritytoserveinastateoreconomyas the basis for assigning quantity values to other measure-ment standards.pressure: force exerted per unit area.reference airflow measuring system: combination of sensingdevices and data acquisition

37、 hardware and software thatproducestheairflowvalueagainstwhichthesystemundertest(SUT) is compared.shall: where shall and shall not are used for a specified provi-sion, that provision is mandatory if compliance with this testmethod is claimed.standard air: air that meets the following criteria:I-P un

38、its: dry air at 70F and 14.696 psia. Underthese conditions, dry air has a mass density of0.075 lb/ft3. Note: this is not the same as SI stan-dard air.SI units: dry air at 20C and 101.325 kPa. Underthese conditions, dry air has a mass density of1.204 kg/m3. Note: this is not the same as I-P stan-dard

39、 air.system under test (SUT): the combination of hardware andsoftware that operates as a system to control airflow rate to agiven setpoint. This system will likely include an airflowsensor, a controller, a terminal unit, a damper, and a damperactuator.test specifier: individual or organization that

40、calls out details fora test conforming to this MOT. The test specifier may designateproducts to be tested, airflow rates and pressure drops, ambienttemperatures, calibration procedures, and pass/fail criteria.tolerance: the level of accuracy desired in the airflow controlSUT, the criterion by which

41、the SUT is judged to pass or failthe steady-state accuracy test.velocity pressure: in a moving fluid, the pressure due to thevelocity and density of the fluid, expressed by the velocitysquaredtimesthefluiddensity,dividedbytwo( V2/2).Forexample, with standard air specific at 0.075 lbm/ft3(1.204kg/m3)

42、, Pvin inches of water (kPa) = (V/4005)2.voltmeter: a device used to measure differences in electri-cal potential between points in an electrical circuit.zero drift: change in sensor output at zero flow with thepassage of time, change in temperature, or both.3.2 The following nomenclature is used th

43、roughout this testmethod:SP = static pressure drop across air terminalA = internal cross section of duct, ft2(m2)De= equivalent diameter, ft (m)F = amplification factorK = flow coefficientP = absolute static pressure, in. H2O(Pa)Pv= velocity pressure, in. H2O (kPa)P = differential pressure, in. H2O

44、(kPa)Pt= total differential pressure, in. H2O (kPa)V = air velocity, ft/min (m/s)= air density, lbm/ft3(kg/m3)Qmax= maximum airflow setpoints of interestQmin= minimum airflow setpoints of interestQstpt= any setpoint4. INSTRUMENTATION4.1 Temperature Measurement. Temperature measure-ments made to supp

45、ort determining the reference airflow arecovered in Section 4.3. This section applies to other tempera-ture measurements taken during testing.Temperature measuring instruments shall meet therequirements of ASHRAE Standard 41.1-1986 (RA 2006)3and the following:4.1.1 Accuracy of the temperature measur

46、ing instrumentsshall be within 0.18F (0.1C). The smallest scale divisionor output resolution of the temperature-measuring deviceshall not exceed the specified accuracy.4.1.2 Temperature-measuring instruments shall be cali-brated, on an annual basis, in the range of use by comparisonto a national mea

47、surement standard, with uncertainties trace-able to that national measurement standard, and shall be cer-tified to provide the accuracies listed in Section 4.1.1.4.2 Pressure Measurement. Refer to Section 5.3 for pres-sure measurements made to support determining the refer-ence airflow.Pressure meas

48、uring instruments shall meet the require-ments of ASHRAE Standard 41.3-19894and the following:4.2.1 Accuracy of the duct pressure measuring instru-ments shall be within 5% of the measured pressure. Thesmallest scale division or output resolution of the pressure-measuring device shall not exceed the

49、specified accuracy.4.2.2 Accuracyofthesensorrecordingtheflow-probesig-nal (if the SUT includes flow-probe pressure taps) shall bewithin 5% of the reading.4.2.3 Pressure-measuring instruments shall be calibratedannually, in the range of use, by comparison with a nationalmeasurement standard (e.g., a NIST standard). Instrumentsshall be calibrated directly against the national standard orthrough a traceable chain of not more than two intermediaryinstruments. Measurement uncertainty, based on that