ASHRAE 72-2014 Method of Testing Open and Closed Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers.pdf

1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 72-2014(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 72-2005)Method of TestingOpen and ClosedCommercial Refrigeratorsand FreezersApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on June 28, 2014; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on July 2, 2014; and by theAmerican National Standards Institute on J

2、uly 3, 2014.This standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Standards Com-mittee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for timely,documented, consensus action on requests

3、for change to any part of the standard. The change submittal form, instructions, anddeadlines may be obtained in electronic form from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or in paper form from the Manager ofStandards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from the ASHRAE website (

4、www.ashrae.org) or fromASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129.Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go towww.ashrae.org/permissions. 2014 AS

5、HRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE.Consensus is defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved thisstandard as an ANS,

6、as “substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrenceof more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aneffort be made toward their resolution.”

7、Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliancemandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project

8、Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to

9、 balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees.The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission t

10、o reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any pro

11、ducts, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are esta

12、blished to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes,bysuggestingsafepracticesindesigningandinstallingequipment,byprovidingproperdefinitionsofthisequipment,andbyprovidingother information that may serve to guide the industry.The creation of ASHRAE Stan

13、dards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Stan

14、dard Project Committee 72CognizantTC:TC 10.7, Commercial Food and Beverage Refrigeration EquipmentSPLS Liaison: Cecily M. GrzywaczCharles C. Hon, Chair* Michael Mau* Bodh R. Subherwal*David B. Cowen* Jon Murray Dean Swofford*Randall John Haseman* Maryline Rassi* Robert D. TannerCesar Luis L Lim* Car

15、l C. Roberts*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20132014William F. Walter, Chair David R. Conover Malcolm D. KnightRichard L. Hall, Vice-Chair John F. Dunlap Rick A. LarsonKarim Amrane James W. Earley, Jr. Mark P. ModeraJoseph R.

16、 Anderson Steven J. Emmerich Cyrus H. NasseriJames Dale Aswegan Julie M. Ferguson Janice C. PetersonCharles S. Barnaby Krishnan Gowri Heather L. PlattSteven F. Bruning Cecily M. Grzywacz Douglas T. ReindlJohn A. Clark Rita M. Harrold Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOWaller S. Clements Adam W. Hinge Thomas E. W

17、erkema, Jr., CODebra H. KennoyStephanie C. Reiniche, Manager of StandardsCONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 72-2014,Method of Testing Open and Closed Commercial Refrigerators and FreezersSECTION PAGEForeword .21 Purpose.22 Scope23 Definitions .24 Test Conditions .35 Instruments .66 Apparatus67 Test Proced

18、ure108 Calculations (Remote Refrigerators Only) 129 Data to Be Recorded.1310 Normative References.14Informative Appendix A: Illustrations for Measuring Usable Volume and Display Area 15Informative Appendix B: Commercial Refrigerated Display MerchandiserTotal Display Area (TDA) CalculationNormative16

19、Informative Appendix C: Bibliography .20NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2014 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a register

20、ed trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 72-2014(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requi

21、rements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at

22、 ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDASHRAE Standard 72, first published in 1986, is classi-fied as an ASHRAE Standard Method of Test.The 2005 revision combined Standard 72-1998 for openrefrigerators and Standard 117-2002 for closed refrigerators.These two standards were developed so that comparativeevaluations

23、 could be made of refrigeration equipment perfor-mance using standardized criteria.This 2014 revision of ASHRAE Standard 72-2005 addsenergy management devices and drawer openings for refrig-erator and freezer units with drawers. It also clarifies doorand drawer opening methods, test probe locations

24、for unitsover 1220 mm (4 ft) in width, electrical loads that need to beon during the test, air current measurements within the testroom, and the measurement of internal volumes in Informa-tive Appendix A.In addition, the 2014 revision clarifies door openingrequirements, shelf loading, and test defin

25、itions and addsrequirements to improve the consistency of ambient tempera-tures.1. PURPOSEThe purpose of this standard is to prescribe a uniform methodof testing open and closed refrigerators and freezers for ratingso that comparative evaluations can be made of energy con-sumption, product temperatu

26、re performance, refrigerationload, the suction pressures required, and other performancefactors.2. SCOPEThis standard applies to the following types of open andclosed commercial refrigerators and freezers used for display-ing or holding products for which refrigeration is eitherrequired or desired:a

27、. Horizontal, semivertical, and vertical open and closedrefrigerators and freezersb. Both remote and self-contained open and closed refrigera-tors and freezersThis standard does not apply to walk-in coolers or refrig-erators and freezers where the refrigerated air is in communi-cation with walk-in c

28、oolers.3. DEFINITIONSThe following definitions apply to terms as they are used inthis standard.AHAM volume: the interior volume of a refrigerator as calcu-lated by ANSI/AHAM Standard HRF-1.1closed refrigerator: a display or holding refrigerator whereproduct is accessible for removal by opening or mo

29、ving doorsor panels.condenser cooling liquid: the fluid used as the condensingmedia in a liquid-cooled, self-contained refrigerator.condensing unit: an apparatus for processing low-pressurerefrigerant vapor back into high-pressure liquid refrigerant.coolant single-phase temperature difference: the d

30、ifferencein temperature of the secondary coolant entering and leavingthe refrigerator.energy management devices: a system of equipment thatenergizes or deenergizes electrical loads to achieve a desireduse of electrical power. The equipment is intended to controlelectrical loads by responding to sens

31、ors or transducers moni-toring power consumption, by sequencing, by cycling theloads through the use of preprogrammed data logic circuits,or any combination thereof.filler material: material consisting of water, or of a 50/50mixture (2%) of water and propylene glycol, or wood blockswith an overall d

32、ensity not less than 480 kg/m3(30lb/ft3);used for filling the refrigerator spaces not occupied by testsimulators.filler package: a container with filler material that closelyapproximates food product characteristics; used to fill thespaces between test simulators for product mass.freezer: a refriger

33、ator that maintains product in a frozen state.In this standard, low temperature refrigerator shall be synon-ymous with freezer.fully open (for hinged doors): opened to an angle of not lessthan 75 degrees.fully open (for sliding doors): opened at least 80% of its fullnormal travel.fully open (for dra

34、wers): opened not less than 66% of theirfull travel.liquid-cooled unit: a condensing unit in which the condens-ing media is a liquid (for example, water).liquid quantity meter: a device for determining the quantityof refrigerant, secondary coolant, or condenser cooling liquidthat flows during the pr

35、escribed test period.load limit: the maximum space available within the display orstorage compartments of the refrigerator usable for productsas specified by the manufacturer.load-line volume: the gross interior volume of the refrigeratorcontained within the load-limit lines. This gross volume iscal

36、culated without display devices installed.low temperature: the temperature range for maintaining prod-uct in a frozen state in refrigeration applications.medium temperature: the temperature range for maintainingproduct above freezing in refrigeration usable volume: the volume of interior usable spa

37、ceintended for refrigerated storage or display, specifically con-sisting of the usable interior volume within the claimed loadlimit boundaries. Any of this volume occupied by evaporatorcoils, fan grilles, ducts (including any space intentionallyANSI/ASHRAE Standard 72-2014 3made unusable by fences a

38、nd grilles), or any other significantinterior protrusions are excluded from the net usable volume.For cases normally equipped with shelves, the front edge ofthe shelf is assumed to be the front load limit boundary. To beconsistent, shelves and other display devices are not treated assignificant inte

39、rior protrusions. The volume occupied byshelves and other display devices is not subtracted from thenet usable volume.night curtains: an attached device that covers the opening ofa unit that does not have doors or supplements the doors as amethod of energy reduction.open refrigerator: a display or h

40、olding refrigerator whereproduct is accessible for removal without opening or movingdoors or panels.product zone: the usable volume, both display and storage,contained within the load-line volume of the refrigerator.refrigerant: fluid used for heat transfer in a refrigerating sys-tem that absorbs he

41、at at a low temperature and low pressureof the fluid and transfers heat at a higher temperature and ahigher pressure of the fluid, usually involving a change ofstate of the fluid.refrigerator: for this standard, this term refers to both low-temperature and medium-temperature refrigerators.remote ref

42、rigerator: a refrigerator that has a condensing unitnot mounted in or on the refrigerator cabinet.running cycle: the period of time between the start of refrig-eration after a defrost termination and the beginning of thenext successive defrost.secondary coolant: liquid used for the transmission of h

43、eatwithout a change of state, having no flash point or having aflash point above 66C (150.8F).self-contained refrigerator: a refrigerator that has the con-densing unit mounted in or on the refrigerator cabinet asopposed to a refrigerator operating on a remote condensingunit.stabilization period: a p

44、eriod of time that establishes test con-ditions as defined in Section 7.4.steady-state: the condition where the average temperature ofall test simulators changes less than 0.2C (0.4F) from one24-hour period or refrigeration cycle to the next.test: a 24-hour performance test conducted under one set o

45、fconditions after steady-state conditions occur as described inthe procedures of this standard.test simulator: a packaged material, as described in Section 6,that is used as a standard product temperature measuringdevice.total display area (TDA): the sum of the projected surface areasfrom visible pr

46、oduct, in meters (feet) squared, as shown inInformative Appendix A.4. TEST CONDITIONS4.1 Ambient Conditions. For Sections 4.1.1 through 4.1.3,refer to Figure 4-1.4.1.1 Dry Bulb. The average test-room dry-bulb tempera-ture shall be 24.0C 1.0C (75.2F 1.8F) when measuredin accordance with Section 6 of

47、this standard. Individualrecorded temperatures shall be 24.0C 2.0C (75.2F 3.6F). This measurement point shall be TAfor all refrigera-tors and freezers (both open and closed).4.1.2 Wet Bulb. The average test-room wet-bulb tempera-ture shall be 18.0C 1.0C (64.4F 1.8F) when measuredin accordance with S

48、ection 6 of this standard. Individualrecorded temperatures shall be 18.0C 2.0C (64.4F 3.6F). This measurement point shall be TAfor all refrigera-tors and freezers (both open and closed).4.1.3 Dry Bulb Gradient. The dry-bulb temperature gradi-ent shall be less than 0.6C per 305 mm (1.0F per foot)betw

49、een points TAand TBas defined in Section 6.1.2.4.1.4 Air Currents. Test-room currents shall be measuredat point TB(see Section 6.1.2 and Figure 4-1). At point TB,test-room air currents shall be measured along each of thethree primary axes (vertical, longitudinal, and lateraleachperpendicular to the other two). Test-room air currents verti-cally and horizontally across the display opening shall notexceed 0.25 m/s (49 fpm). Any air movement shall be predom-inantly parallel to the plane of the opening. No external airdraft