ASHRAE 90 1 USERS MANUAL-2013 User's Manual I-P and SI.pdf

1、 9 9 0 0. .1 1 - -2 2 0 01 13 3 U Us se er r s s M Ma a n n u ua a l l I I - - P P a a n n d d S S I I 2014 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission

2、.ASHRAE RESEARCH: IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE ASHRAE is a global society advancing human well-being through sustainable technology for the built environment. Its 53,000 members worldwide are individuals who share ideas, identify the need for efforts is that engineers are better able to keep indoor

3、 environments safe and productive while protecting and preserving the outdoors for generations to come. through ASHRAE Research. Thousands of individuals and companies support ASHRAE Research annually, enabling ASHRAE to report new data about material properties and building physics and to promote t

4、he application of innovative technologies. ASHRAE Research contributed significantly to the material in this book. For more information about ASHRAE Research or to become a member of ASHRAE, contact ASHRAE, 1791 Tullie Circle, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329 USA; telephone 404-636-8400; www.ashrae.org. 2014

5、 ASHRAE 1791 Tullie Circle Atlanta, GA 30329 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN 978-1-936504-79-4 ASHRAE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, owned by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. ASH

6、RAE has compiled this publication with care, but ASHRAE has not investigated, and ASHRAE expressly disclaims any duty to investigate any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like that may be described herein. The appearance of any technical data or editorial material in this publicat

7、ion does not constitute endorsement, warranty, or guaranty by ASHRAE of any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like. ASHRAE does not warrant that the information in this publication is free of errors, and ASHRAE does not necessarily agree with any statement or opinion in the public

8、ation. The entire risk of the use of any information in this publication is assumed by the user. No part of this book may be reproduced without permission in writing from ASHRAE, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages or reproduce illustrations in a review with appropriate credit; nor may

9、 any part of this book be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any way for or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording, or other without permission in writing from ASHRAE. Requests for permission should be submitted at www.ashrae.org/permissions. Updates/errata for thi

10、s publication will be posted on the ASHRAE website at www.ashrae.org/publicationupdates. 2014 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission. 90.1- iiiiii

11、 P P r r e e f f a a c c e e General Information for the design of commercial and high-rise residential buildings to ensure their compliance with ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 2013 (referred to in this Manual as Standard 90.1 or simply the Standard). In addition, this Manual offers information on th

12、e intent and application of Standard 90.1, illuminates the Standard through the use of abundant sample calculations and examples, streamlines the process of showing compliance, and provides forms to demonstrate compliance. This Manual also instructs the user in the application of energy simulation p

13、rograms used in conjunction with the Energy Cost Budget Method of compliance with the Standard and the Performance Rating Method used for calculating building energy performance ratings for certain building rating systems and incentive programs. This Manual is intended to be useful to numerous types

14、 of building professionals, including the following: Architects and engineers who must apply the Standard to the design of their buildings. Plan examiners and field inspectors who must enforce the Standard in areas where it is adopted as code. General and specialty contractors who must construct bui

15、ldings in compliance with the Standard. Product manufacturers, state and local energy offices, policy groups, utilities, and others. Addenda Standard 90.1 is a dynamic document undergoing continuous maintenance. Addenda, errata, and interpretations will be issued throughout its life. This edition of

16、 t Manual is consistent with Standard 90.1 2013. Significant changes have been made to the Standard since the 2010 Standard was originally published, including more than 100 addenda. In this Manual, noteworthy changes are summarized at the start of each technical chapter and are indicated by a in th

17、e relevant sections. In addition, Appendix F of the Standard provides a detailed list of the addenda that define the differences between the 2010 and 2013 editions of the Standard. The ASHRAE and IES boards will approve additional addenda in the future that could revise the intent of the Standard, a

18、nd the reader should consult the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or other sources to obtain the latest addenda. When using this Manual to comply with an energy code based on Standard 90.1, check whether any addenda have been incorporated into that code, and read those addenda carefully. Also, if one

19、 or more of the addenda or criteria of the Standard are not incorporated into an energy code, be careful to apply the recommendations of this Manual appropriately. Official Interpretations of the Standard Standing Standards Project Committee (SSPC) 90.1 provides official interpretations of the Stand

20、ard upon written request. Send requests for interpretations to the Manager of Standards, ASHRAE, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329-2305 or standards.sectionashrae.org. Requests for interpretations are forwarded to SSPC 90.1. That committee usually assigns the request to a subcommittee, whic

21、h then reviews it and develops an interpretation. This interpretation is then voted on by the full committee. A common time frame for a response is six to twelve months. 2014 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or dig

22、ital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.Preface iv 90.1- Standard 90.1 Organization Numbering System Standard 90.1 is divided into 12 sections. Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, and 12 are administrative: 1. Purpose: states the purpose of the Standard. 2. Scope: describes where the St

23、andard applies and does not apply. 3. Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms: provides definitions of terms that are used throughout the Standard and a list of abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols. 4. Administration and Enforcement: gives compliance requirements, compliance documentation, material

24、s and equipment labeling, and other administrative requirements. 12. Normative References: lists references and citations used in the Standard. Sections 5 through 11 are the technical sections of the Standard. Sections 5 through 10 contain the technical requirements for distinct Section 11 offers an

25、 alternative whole-building approach to complying with the Standard: 5. Building Envelope: discusses building envelope, including building envelope components and installation and fenestration (glazing). 6. Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning: covers HVAC systems, equipment, and controls. 7.

26、Service Water Heating: addresses service water heating equipment and systems. 8. Power: applies to building power distribution systems. 9. Lighting: sets requirements for interior and exterior lighting systems and controls. 10. Other Equipment: covers permanently wired electric motors. 11. Energy Co

27、st Budget Method: lays out the requirements for developing a computer model for the Energy Cost Budget (ECB) compliance method. Sections 5 through 11 are further divided into thematic subsections, with each subsection number identifying its use. The numbering system for Sections 5 through 10 is orga

28、nized as follows: x.1 General: a general description of a particular section, including the scope and, in some instances, some general requirements of the section. x.2 Compliance Paths: a description of the process of complying with the section of the Standard. x.3 Simple Buildings or Systems: this

29、only exists for Section 6, but a placeholder is held for all the other sections in the event that a simple compliance approach is developed in the future. x.4 Mandatory Provisions: the mandatory minimum requirements that all projects must meet under all circumstances. x.5 Prescriptive Requirements:

30、additional requirements that only apply when the prescriptive method is used to show compliance. Only Sections 5, 6, 7, and 9 have prescriptive requirements. x.6 Alternative Compliance Path: an alternative approach to compliance. For the Building Envelope section, a procedure is included that permit

31、s trade-offs between all elements of the building envelope. For the Lighting section, a space-by-space method is provided for determining lighting power allowances. x.7 Submittals: information that needs to be provided by the designer to the building official, or by the contractor to the designer, t

32、o verify that the building complies with the Standard. x.8 Products: product information, installation requirements, and equipment efficiency tables. Section 11 follows a somewhat different numbering system because this section describes an alternative compliance method rather than requirements for

33、specific esign. 2014 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.Preface 90.1- vv In addition to the twelve primary sections, the Standard contains a F

34、oreword and seven appendices. The Foreword provides a historical perspective on the development of the Standard. Appendices A through D are normative appendices that are part of the Standard. Appendices E and F are informative and are not part of the Standard. A brief description of each Appendix fo

35、llows. Appendix A: precalculated R-values, U-factors, C-factors, and F-factors for typical construction assemblies and calculation methods for nontypical construction assemblies. Appendix B: tables providing United States and international climate zones for determining compliance with the Standard.

36、Appendix C: the methodology for the Building Envelope Trade-Off Option in Section 5.6. Appendix D: climate data necessary to determine building envelope and mechanical requirements for various U.S., Canadian, and international locations. Appendix E: informative references for the convenience of user

37、s of the Standard and to acknowledge source documents. Appendix F: informative listing of approved addenda. The approved addenda define the differences between the 2010 and 2013 editions of Standard 90.1. Appendix G: normative description of the procedure for calculating building energy performance

38、ratings. Organization and Use of the Users Manual l follow the major sectional organization of the Standard. To aid the user in correlating requirements of the Standard with the explana nual, all major headings in the Manual contain section number references in parentheses. For example, a discussion

39、 of lighting control requirements in this Use ing This allows the user to quickly refer to Section 9.4.1 of the Standard, which gives the requirements for lighting control. Each major section of the Standard has a unless that section of the Standard is so clear that no further explanation is require

40、d. Compliance forms for chapters 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, and G are available for at www.ashrae.org/UM90.1-2013. These forms are provided to assist in understanding and requirements. Unless directly footnoted or contained within the text, full citations for documents referred to in this Manual are found in S

41、ection 12 (Normative References) of Standard 90.1. I-P and SI units Standard 90.1 2013 is available in two editions: one using inch-pound (I-P) units and the other using the International System (SI). Throughout this Manual, I-P numbers, equations, dimensions, and so forth are followed by the corres

42、ponding SI values in parenthesis, as shown here: 500 ft (46 m). Wherever possible, illustrations contain both I-P and SI units. Complex or lengthy tables and calculations are provided first in I-P units and then duplicated in SI units. Resources, Data, and Analysis Tools The following is a list of p

43、ublications and tools that are necessary to apply the Standard. Some of these items, as noted, are only applicable to specific sections of the Standard: A current copy of Standard 90.1 2013 with errata and interpretations. Copies of any published addenda to Standard 90.1. An energy simulation progra

44、m for the analysis of energy consumption in buildings, if the ECB Method of Section 11 is to be applied. ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals, which is referenced throughout the Standard. ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Systems and Equipment and ASHRAE Handbook HVAC 2014 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permit