ASHRAE 90 1-2016 I-P-2016 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings.pdf

1、ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2016(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2013)Includes ANSI/ASHRAE/IES addenda listed in Appendix HEnergy Standardfor BuildingsExcept Low-RiseResidential Buildings(I-P Edition)See Appendix H for approval dates by the ASHRAE Standards Committee, the ASHRAE Board of

2、Directors, the IES Boardof Directors, and the American National Standards Institute.This Standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the StandardsCommittee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, inc

3、luding procedures fortimely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the Standard. The change submittal form,instructions, and deadlines may be obtained in electronic form from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or in paperform from the Senior Manager of Standards. The la

4、test edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from theASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305.E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (fororders in US a

5、nd Canada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2016 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 90.1Cognizant TC: 7.6, Systems Energy UtilizationSPLS Liaison: Roger HedrickASHRAE Staff Liaison: Steven C. FergusonIESNA Liaison: Rita M. HarroldDrake Erbe*, Ch

6、air Harry Misuriello* John DunlapThomas Culp*, Vice-Chair Frank Morrison* Chuck FosterRichard Lord*, Vice Chair Frank Myers* Sam FrancisPeter Baselici* Ron Nickson* John GreenSean Beilman* Tim Peglow* Chad GroshartJeff Boldt* Eric Richman* David HandworkErnie Conrad* Steve Rosenstock * Stan HarbuckC

7、harles Cottrell* Bob Ross* Richard HermansJay Crandall* Marty Salzburg * Mike HoustonCraig Drumheller* Leonard Sciarra* Michael IvanovichJim Garrigus* Frank Stanonik* Hy KaplanJason Glazer* Wayne Stoppelmoor* Neil LeslieKrishnan Gowri* Christian Taber* Merle McBridePekka Hakkarainen* William Talbert

8、* Benjamin MeyerSusanna Hanson* Steven Taylor* Keith NelsonRichard Heinisch* Martha VanGeem* Steve OrlowskiNed Heminger* McHenry Wallace* Amy SchmidtDave Herron * Jerry White* David ShepherdScott Hintz* Jeremy Williams* Don SurrenaJohn Hogan* Karim Amrane Stephen SzokeJonathan Humble* Gary Ash Mike

9、TillouItzhak Maor* Joseph Brooks Doug TuckerChris Mathis* Don Brundage Richard WatsonMichael Mehl* Brandon Damas Jason Wilen* Denotes voting member at time of publicationSPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRA

10、E.Consensus is defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approvedthis Standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies theconcurrence of more than a simple majori

11、ty, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections beconsidered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legaljurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consens

12、us through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and publicreview.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. TheProject Committee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while o

13、ther committee members may or may not be ASHRAEmembers, all must be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interestson all Project Committees.The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the co

14、ntents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public i

15、n light of available informationand accepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products,components, or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any testsconducted under

16、its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing

17、and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, andby providing other information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determinedby the need for them, and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this

18、 Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either statedor implied, that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20162017Rita M. Harrold, Chair Michael W. Gallagher Cyrus H. NasseriSteven J. Emmerich, Vice-Chair Walter T.

19、 Grondzik David RobinJames D. Aswegan Vinod P. Gupta Peter SimmondsNiels Bidstrup Susanna S. Hanson Dennis A. StankeDonald M. Brundage Roger L. Hedrick Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Drury B. Crawley Rick M. Heiden Jack H. ZarourJohn F. Dunlap, Srinivas Katipamula William F. Walter, BOD ExOJames W. Earley

20、, Jr. Cesar L. Lim Patricia Graef, COKeith I. Emerson Arsen K. MelikovJulie M. Ferguson R. Lee Millies, Jr.Stephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of StandardsCONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2016Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (I-P Edition)SECTION PAGEForeword

21、 31 Purpose52 Scope.73 Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms94 Administration and Enforcement415 Building Envelope.456 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning717 Service Water Heating .1298 Power.1359 Lighting.13910 Other Equipment16111 Energy Cost Budget Method16912 Normative References183Nor

22、mative Appendix A: Rated R-Value of Insulation and Assembly U-Factor, C-Factor,and F-Factor Determinations.187Informative Appendix B: (Retained for Future Use) .243Normative Appendix C: Methodology for Building Envelope Trade-Off Option in Section 5.6.245Informative Appendix D: (Retained for Future

23、Use) .253Informative Appendix E: Informative References.255Informative Appendix F: U.S. Department of Energy Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements 259Normative Appendix G: Performance Rating Method 263Informative Appendix H: Addenda Description Information305Annex 1: Reference Standard Reproduction

24、 AnnexASHRAE Standard 169 .315NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEwebsite at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2016 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademar

25、k of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2016 (I-P) 3Standard 90.1 was first published originally in 1975, and revised editions followed in 1980,19

26、89, and 1999 following ANSI and ASHRAE periodic maintenance procedures. In thisway, the standard was publicly reviewed and published in its entirety each time. As energyprices and technology began changing more rapidly, the ASHRAE Board of Directors votedin 1999 to place the standard on continuous m

27、aintenance, which permitted the standard tobe updated several times each year through publication of approved addenda. As of the2001 edition, the standard is now published in its entirety in the fall of every third year.This schedule allows the standard to be submitted for inclusion or reference in

28、modelbuilding and energy codes. All approved addenda and errata are included in the new edi-tion. This procedure allows users some certainty of the timing of publication.The 2016 edition of the standard includes numerous energy-saving measures resultingfrom continuous maintenance proposals submitted

29、 by the public and from volunteers on thecommittee. The Project Committee welcomes suggestions for improvement, and users areencouraged to use the continuous maintenance proposal (CMP) form included in the back ofthis standard to submit recommended changes. The committee takes formal action on every

30、CMP received.More than 125 addenda to the 2013 edition of the standard were processed by the commit-tee and approved by the ASHRAE and IES Boards of Directors and are incorporated into the2016 edition. Appendix H gives brief descriptions and publication dates of these addenda.The 2016 edition also c

31、orrects all known typographical errors in the 2013 standard.This new edition includes format changes to improve usability and readability:a. One-column format for easier readingb. Exceptions separated, indented, and set apart with a smaller font sizec. Italicized defined termsd. Changes to table for

32、mats to provide contrast between rowsAdditional structural changes include the following:a. A new Reference Standard Reproduction Annex 1 is provided at the end of the document.Section 5.1.4 now cites ASHRAE Standard 169 as the source for climatic data, andAnnex 1 contains extracts of tables and fig

33、ures from that standard for the readers con-venience.b. Two new climate zones (0A/B) have been added to all prescriptive requirementstables.The most significant technical changes included are as follows:a. Building Envelope 1. Mandatory provisions include the addition of envelope verification in sup

34、port ofreduced air infiltration and increased requirements for air leakage of overheadcoiling doors.2. Prescriptive requirements include increased stringency requirements for metalbuilding roofs and walls, fenestration, and opaque doors. Requirements have beenadded for all assemblies for Climate Zon

35、e 0.ForewordThis foreword is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirementsnecessary for conformance to the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI require-ments for a standard and may contain material that has not been subject to public revie

36、w or a consensusprocess. Unresolved objectors on informative material are not offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE orANSI.4 ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2016 (I-P)Foreword3. The clarity of the standard has been improved with regard to topics such as defin-ing exterior walls, building orientation,

37、fault assumptions for the effective R-valueof air spaces, and calculation procedures for insulating metal building walls.b. Lighting1. Requirements for exterior and interior lighting power densities have been modi-fied to reflect new lighting levels in the IES lighting handbook, which recognizesthat

38、 LED technology is a common application in current lighting design and canprovide additional energy savings.2. Lighting control requirements have been modified to add additional controls insome space types and options to others to allow easier application of advancedcontrols. c. Mechanical1. Chilled

39、-water plant metering. Large, electric-driven chilled-water plants are nowrequired to be monitored for electric energy use and efficiency.2. DOAS requirements. Dedicated outdoor air systems now include both efficiencyand rating requirements for compliance.3. Elevator efficiency. Requirements are int

40、roduced for designs to include both usecategory and efficiency class. While a minimum threshold is not listed, the firststep is taken toward including minimum elevator efficiency requirement in a futurestandard. 4. Economizer diagnostics. The standard now requires that air-cooled DX coolingunits wit

41、h economizers have a monitoring system to determine that the air econo-mizer is working properly. d. Energy Cost Budget (ECB) and Modeling. Significant changes to the application ofAppendix G are included as follows:1. Appendix G now can be used as a path for compliance with the standard. Previ-ousl

42、y, Appendix G was used only to rate beyond-code performance of buildings.This new version of Appendix G can show compliance with the 2016 version of thestandard in the following manner:(a) The proposed design requires computation of a new metric, Performance CostIndex (PCI), and demonstration that i

43、t is less than that shown in Table 4.2.1.1,based on building type and climate zone. (b) The baseline design is now fixed at a certain level of performance, the strin-gency or baseline of which is expected not to change with subsequent versionsof the standard. In this way, a building of any era can b

44、e rated using the samemethod. 2. Other modifications to Appendix G include changes to elevator, motor, and refrig-eration baselines; changes to the baseline for existing building projects; andchanges to specific opaque assemblies for the baseline envelope model. Modelingrule changes were made to hea

45、t pump auxiliary heat, economizer shutoff, lightingcontrols, humidification systems, cooling towers, and the simulation of preheatcoils. Standard 90.1 is a fluid document. As technology evolves, the project committee is con-tinually considering new changes and proposing addenda for public review. Wh

46、en addendaare approved, notices are published on the ASHRAE and IES websites. Users are encour-aged to sign up for the free ASHRAE and IES Internet listserv for this standard to receivenotice of all public reviews and approved and published addenda and errata.The Chair and Vice-Chairs extend gratefu

47、l thanks to the committee volunteers, publicreview commenters, and all involved in the open, consensus-based process.ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2016 (I-P) 51.1To establish the minimum energy efficiency requirements of buildings other than low-riseresidential buildings for a. design, construction,

48、 and a plan for operation and maintenance; andb. utilization of on-site, renewable energy resources.1 PurposeANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2016 (I-P) 72.1This standard providesa. minimum energy-efficient requirements for the design and construction, and a planfor operation and maintenance of 1. new

49、buildings and their systems,2. new portions of buildings and their systems,3. new systems and equipment in existing buildings, and4. new equipment or building systems specifically identified in the standard that arepart of industrial or manufacturing processesandb. criteria for determining compliance with these requirements.2.2The provisions of this standard do not apply toa. single-family houses, multifamily structures of three stories or fewer above grade,manufactured houses (mobile homes), and manufactured houses (modular) orb. buildings that use neither electricity nor