ASHRAE 90558-2015 LABORATORY DESIGN GUIDE Planning and Operation of Laboratory HVAC Systems (Second Edition).pdf

1、The Complete Laboratory HVAC ResourceASHRAE Laboratory Design Guide is a comprehensive reference manual for the planning, design, and operation of laboratories. It gives engineers, owners, and system operators the design and control strategies they need to reduce the laboratorys energy footprint whi

2、le ensuring safety, providing good comfort and indoor air quality, and protecting the integrity of laboratory experiments. The Guide is organized around a typical project, progressing through the basic steps of planning, design, construction, and operation and maintenance. It offers basic background

3、 information on laboratories, including their various types and the typical equipment found in them, to provide a basic understanding of laboratories and their importance as well as their different functions and needs. The book covers topics such as exhaust hoods, primary air systems, process coolin

4、g, air treatment, exhaust stack design, airflow patterns and system balancing, energy recovery, the laboratory commissioning process, and the economics of both initial and life-cycle costs. A dedicated chapter gives guidance on laboratories that specialize in biological containment and animal resear

5、ch, addressing envelope design, system reliability, redundancy, proper space pressurization, biohazard containment and control, product protection, and sanitation.Updated to reflect current standards and industry practices, this second edition also adds two new chapters: one on high-performance buil

6、ding design concepts for sustainability and one with guidelines on evaluating airflow patterns and contaminant concentrations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computer modeling. Finally, included with this Guide are expanded web links to industry standards and resources as well as design too

7、ls that help illustrate the features of laboratories and provide practical aids for design.9 781936 5049851791 Tullie CircleAtlanta, GA 30329-2305404-636-8400 (worldwide)www.ashrae.orgISBN 978-1-936504-98-5Product code: 90558 8/15ASHRAE LABORATORY DESIGN GUIDEPlanning and Operation of Laboratory HVA

8、C SystemsComprehensive guidance on Loads, equipment, processes, air treatment, exhaust stack design, airflow, and balancingDesigning for energy efficiency and sustainability Initial and life-cycle costs Operation and maintenance for safety and efficiency Commissioning for laboratory systemsIncludes

9、access to bonus digital tools for learning and designASHRAELABORATORY DESIGN GUIDE Second EditionSecond EditionASHRAE_Lab Des Guide_Cover Spread.indd 1 7/24/2015 3:24:06 PMASHRAE Laboratory Design GuideSecond EditionF1_Front.fm Page 1 Wednesday, July 8, 2015 9:41 AMThis publication was prepared unde

10、r the auspices of TC 9.10, Laboratory Systems.Updates/errata for this publication will be posted on the ASHRAE website at www.ashrae.org/publicationupdates.F1_Front.fm Page 2 Wednesday, July 8, 2015 1:21 PMAtlantaASHRAE Laboratory Design GuidePlanning and Operation of Laboratory HVAC SystemsSecond E

11、ditionF1_Front.fm Page 3 Wednesday, July 8, 2015 9:41 AMISBN 978-1-936504-98-5 2001, 2015 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle, NEAtlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved.Cover design by Laura HaassASHRAE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, owned by the American Society

12、of Heat-ing, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ASHRAE has compiled this publication with care, but ASHRAE has not investigated, and ASHRAE expressly disclaimsany duty to investigate, any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like that may be described herein. Theappear

13、ance of any technical data or editorial material in this publication does not constitute endorsement, warranty, orguaranty by ASHRAE of any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like. ASHRAE does not warrant thatthe information in the publication is free of errors, and ASHRAE does not

14、 necessarily agree with any statement or opin-ion in this publication. The entire risk of the use of any information in this publication is assumed by the user.No part of this publication may be reproduced without permission in writing from ASHRAE, except by a reviewer whomay quote brief passages or

15、 reproduce illustrations in a review with appropriate credit, nor may any part of this publica-tion be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any way or by any meanselectronic, photocopying,recording, or otherwithout permission in writing from ASHRAE. Requests for permission sho

16、uld be submitted atwww.ashrae.org/permissions.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataASHRAE laboratory design guide : planning and operation of laboratory HVAC systems. - Second edition.pages cmRevised edition of: ASHRAE laboratory design guide / Ian B.D. McIntosh, Chad B. Dorgan, Charles

17、 E. Dorgan. 2001.Includes bibliographical references and index.Summary: “Reference manual for planning, design, and operation of laboratory HVAC systems to reduce the laboratorys energy footprint whileensuring safety, providing good comfort and indoor air quality, and protecting the integrity of exp

18、eriments; includes online access to electronicdesign tools that illustrate features of laboratories and provide practical design aids“- Provided by publisher.ISBN 978-1-936504-98-5 (softcover : alk. paper) 1. Laboratories-Design and construction. 2. Laboratories-Safety measures. 3. Laboratories-Ener

19、gy conservation. 4. Buildings-Environmental engineering. I. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.TH7688.L3M35 2015697.9-dc232015016133ASHRAE STAFF SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS Mark S. Owen, Editor/Group Manager of Handbook and Special PublicationsCindy Sheffield Michaels

20、, Managing EditorJames Madison Walker, Managing Editor of StandardsSarah Boyle, Assistant EditorLauren Ramsdell, Editorial AssistantMichshell Phillips, Editorial CoordinatorPUBLISHING SERVICES David Soltis, Group Manager of Publishing Services and Electronic CommunicationsJayne Jackson, Publication

21、Traffic AdministratorTracy Becker, Graphics SpecialistPUBLISHER W. Stephen ComstockF1_Front.fm Page 4 Wednesday, July 8, 2015 1:26 PMPreface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ixAcknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiAbbreviations and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Reference Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、 . . . . . 3References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Laboratory Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Laboratory Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Reference

26、s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Design Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Laboratory Planning . . .

28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、. . . . . 29Environmental Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Appliances and Occupancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Pressure Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Ventilation and IAQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33ContentsF2_TOC.fm Page v Wednesday, July 8, 2015 2:03 PMvi ASHRAE Laboratory Design Guide, Second EditionLaboratory Codes, Standards, and Re

31、ferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Integration of Architecture and Engineered Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Development of Planning Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 Exhaust Hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41T

33、ypes of Exhaust Hoods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Selection of Exhaust Hoods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Hood Performance Verification and Continuous Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . .

34、 . . 60References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646 Primary Air Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Zone Air Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Zone Heating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Exhaust Air Sy

36、stem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Supply Air System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Duct Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Energy Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Bibliography . . . . . . .

38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1247 Process Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39、 . . . . . 125Types of Water-Cooled Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Water Treatment and Quality Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Temperature and Pressure Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40、 . . . . . . 127System Pumping Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1298 Air Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Requirements for Acceptable and Safe Levels of Pollutants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Air Treatment Technologies. . . . . . . . . . .

42、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43、 1409 Exhaust Stack Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Elements of Stack Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Dispersion Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Bibliography . . . . . . . . . .

45、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160F2_TOC.fm Page vi Wednesday, July 8, 2015 9:40 AMContents vii10 Energy Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Air-to-Air Energy Recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Water-to-Air Energy Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168Selection P

47、arameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17211 Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48、. . . . . . . . . . . . . 173Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173Constant-Volume versus Variable-Air-Volume Fume Hood Control . . . . . . . . 174Air Control Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Source Containment and Exhaust Device Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178Room Pressurization Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189Dilution Ventilation and Minimum Ventilation Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195Room Temperature Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Central System Level Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202Emerg