ASHRAE GUIDELINE 11-2009 Field Testing of HVAC Controls Components《HVAC控制组件现场测试》.pdf

1、ASHRAE GUIDELINEASHRAE Guideline 11-2009Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on July 20, 2009, and by the ASHRAE Board of Directors onJuly 24, 2009. ASHRAE Guidelines are updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the Guideline is the year of approval.The latest edition of an ASHRAE Guid

2、eline may be purchased from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 TullieCircle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). Copyright 2009 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating an

3、d Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ISSN 1049-894XAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgField Testing of HVAC Controls ComponentsASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20082009Hugh F. Crowther, ChairSteven T. Bushby, Vic

4、e-ChairRobert G. BakerMichael F. BedaDonald L. BrandtPaul W. CabotKenneth W. CooperSamuel D. Cummings, Jr.K. William DeanMartin DieryckxRobert G. DoerrAllan B. FraserNadar R. JayaramanByron W. JonesJay A. KohlerCarol E. MarriottMerle F. McBrideFrank MyersH. Michael NewmanJanice C. PetersonDouglas T.

5、 ReindlLawrence J. SchoenBoggarm S. SettyBodh R. SubherwalWilliam F. WalterMichael W. WoodfordDavid E. Knebel, BOD ExOAndrew K. Persily, COStephanie Reiniche, Manager of StandardsDISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of a

6、vailable information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandard

7、s or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installi

8、ng equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providingother information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or

9、 Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Guideline Project Committee 11Cognizant TC: TC 7.7, Testing and BalancingSPLS Liaison: Byron W. JonesCarl N. Lawson, Chair* Mark C. Hegberg*

10、David E. Bornside* Richard D. Hermans*Barry B. Bridges* Gerald J. Kettler*Chad B. Dorgan* John P. Kettler*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationSPECIAL NOTEThis Guideline was developed under the auspices of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and A

11、ir-Conditioning Engineers(ASHRAE). ASHRAE Guidelines are developed under a review process, identifying a guideline for the design, testing, application, or evaluationof a specific product, concept, or practice. As a guideline it is not definitive but encompasses areas where there may be a variety of

12、 approaches,none of which must be precisely correct. ASHRAE Guidelines are written to assist professionals in the area of concern and expertise ofASHRAEs Technical Committees and Task Groups.ASHRAE Guidelines are prepared by project committees appointed specifically for the purpose of writing Guidel

13、ines. The projectcommittee chair and vice-chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Guideline.Development of ASHRAE Guidelines follows procedures similar to those for ASHRAE Standards e

14、xcept that (a) committee balance isdesired but not required, (b) an effort is made to achieve consensus but consensus is not required, (c) Guidelines are not appealable, and(d) Guidelines are not submitted to ANSI for approval.The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretat

15、ion of the contents of this Guideline,b. participation in the next review of the Guideline,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Guideline, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Guideline.CONTENTSASHRAE Guideline 11-2009Field Testing of HVAC Controls ComponentsSECTION PAGEForewor

16、d. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions. 24 General Format for Testing 25 Device TestingBasic Requirements 36 System Component Testing . 157 Sequence of Operation. 218 Problem Solving/Critical Testing. 229 Documentation . 2310 References . 23Annex ATest Forms 23Annex BTuning PI Controllers. 26NOTEWh

17、en addenda, interpretations, or errata to this guideline have been approved, they can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at www.ashrae.org/technology. Copyright 2009 American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA 3032

18、9www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved.2 ASHRAE Guideline 11-2009(This foreword is not a part of this guideline. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the guideline.)FOREWORDThis guideline is intended to supplement several relatedASHRAE guidelines and stan

19、dards, including ASHRAE Stan-dard 111-2008, Measurement, Testing, Adjusting, and Balanc-ing of Building HVAC Systems; ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005,The Commissioning Process; and ASHRAE Guideline 1.1-2007, HVAC repeatability and stability testing (TIER 2);and diagnostic quantitative testing (TIER 3).Note:

20、 Unless specified by the designer that tier 2 or tier 3requirements are necessary for basic system verification, tier 1is the normal expected level to be performed.TIER 1: Installation Verification and Basic Perfor-mance Testing. Design, submittals, and installation of devicesand sub-systems are exa

21、mined to assure proper sizing, selec-tion and installation of a device or system. Sensor outputsignals (temperature, pressure, flow, humidity, etc.) aremeasured with a calibrated instrument to determine the accu-racy of the installed device or system and to verify simpleresponse under normal operati

22、ng conditions. Sensors arechecked at or near normal operating conditions. Sequence andproper operation of system components are checked forcorrect direction of travel and full-required travel range inexpected modes of operation.TIER 2: Repeatability and Stability Testing. Thestability and repeatabil

23、ity of the device or system aremeasured against a calibrated standard. Sensitivity and accu-racy may be checked over the entire sensing range of thedevice. The required accuracy, the number and location of testASHRAE Guideline 11-2009 3points, and the number of cycles may be specified by thedesigner

24、.TIER 3: Diagnostic Quantitative Testing. This requiresperformance tests or simulations that provide system anddevice performance curves, time constants, hysteresis curves,and other related response criteria to provide diagnostic infor-mation. Some systems that are not performing as intendedmay requ

25、ire advanced analysis. This may include sophisti-cated test devices, performance simulations, and even removaland laboratory testing.4.3.2 System Preparation. To test properly, both the sys-tem and the devices should be completely and properlyinstalled and in operation under conditions compatible wi

26、thdevice capabilities. The test ports and the access needed fortesting should be available. Controls should be complete andfunctional. Design and submittal data should be available andacceptable for the function. The test and balance functionshould be completed where possible and/or integrated into

27、thedevice testing procedures. In many cases the control deviceswill not control properly unless they are properly balanced.4.3.3 Equipment Selection and Preparation. Eachdevice and type of test requires a specific type of test instru-ment and standard procedure. The test to be performed deter-mines

28、the selection of the test equipment as well as thesupporting apparatus and documentation. Each task shouldhave testing criteria and requirements provided by the designprofessional. Only with this information can the testing pro-fessional make the required selections and preparation. Alldevices and s

29、ystems requiring testing and all testing criteriashould be included in the specification sections for testing andbalancing and/or commissioning. All testing instruments should be calibrated to a traceableNIST standard where appropriate, and be as accurate as ormore accurate than the device being tes

30、ted. 4.3.4 Job Preparation. Efficient testing operationsrequire detailed preparation, including project documenta-tion, project intent information, device performance criteria,sequences of operation, test equipment capability, compari-son to required testing conditions, and preparation of testingand

31、 report documentation. Each device tested should be iden-tified and listed in the corresponding testing report. 4.3.5 Field Testing. The actual field-testing as describedin the following sections is performed to check the accuracyand response of the devices and systems required by thedesign professi

32、onal. These procedures are detailed to developa standard method for testing, improve the testing results, andassure the proper operation of the HVACisolation dampers; inlet guide vane actuators; and OA mini-mum and economizer damper actuators, recirculation andexhaust damper actuators; and face and

33、bypass damper actu-ators. Cooling towers may have a bypass valve. Capacityvalves and dampers for refrigerant systems may exist. Pump-ing systems may have a bypass capacity valve. Terminal unitswill have damper and valve actuators. The testing modesincluded here may be used or they may be included in

34、 VAVbox commissioning methods.12 ASHRAE Guideline 11-2009Exhaust-fan dampers may be local or roof-mounted.Return air dampers may be found in return air ducts for spacepressurization control.5.13.2 Test ProceduresPreliminary Mechanical Inspection:1. If the actuator is direct over-the-shaft coupled,in

35、spect the actuator connection to damper shaft. Allclamps or setscrews should be firmly tightened. Ifhollow shafts are used, check for crushed tubing.Check that the opposite end of actuator is mechani-cally attached to a duct or other structure to preventrotation of the actuator itself.2. If the actu

36、ator is direct coupled to a butterfly orcontrol ball valve, check the clamp or setscrews andconnection of the opposite end to the linkage bracket.Check for direct or reverse operation irregularities.3. If linkages are used for damper control, all ball joints,connecting rods, support brackets, and an

37、y otherattachments should be secure. Jackshafts shouldallow all dampers to open and close completely andoperate smoothly.4. If globe valve rack-and-pinion type linkage is used,the bonnet connection, stem adaptors, and actuatorconnection to the rack and pinion should be secure.5. If the actuator is l

38、ocated in an area of high tempera-ture (both ambient and conduction thru supports), themanufacturers specifications should be checked toavoid exceeding limits. Insulation, standoffs, or othermethods should be used to reduce temperature tobelow manufacturers recommended maximum.6. If the actuator is

39、located in area of low temperatures,specifications should be checked to avoid exceedinglimits. Insulation, standoffs, or other methods shouldbe used to raise temperature to above the manufac-turers recommended minimum. Any conditionwhich may lead to moisture formation and conse-quent damage or freez

40、ing of components or air linesshould be considered.7. Any condition that may allow physical damage toactuator should be corrected.8. Dampers should be installed straight and true, level inall planes, and square in all dimensions. Structuralsupport should be provided as necessary for all multi-sectio

41、n dampers. This should be accomplished usingappropriate methods including U-channel, angleiron, corner angles and bolts, bent galvanized steelstiffeners, sleeve attachments, braces, and buildingstructure. Where the damper manufacturer providesmullion or other internal support for multi-sectiondamper

42、s, additional support should be provided, butonly if necessary.9. Torque should be distributed evenly along jackshaftand dampers. Any bending of connecting rods orblades should be corrected.10. Valves should be installed with proper pipe supports.Reduction from line size should not exceed two pipesi

43、zes for butterfly or ball valves or one pipe size forglobes. Elbows close to the valve and large reductionsin line size to accommodate the control valve shouldbe noted as possibly reducing capacity.11. Dampers and valves should open and close com-pletely and tight shutoff should be confirmed forthos

44、e devices for which it is required.Wiring and Tubing Connections:1. Wiring and tubing should not be subject to physicaldamage and conduits should be firmly supported.Identification of both bundles and individual wiresand tubes should be clear.2. Connections may not be loose to the touch and attach-m

45、ent surfaces may not be subject to high vibration ortemperature extremes.3. Conduits may not pass thru cold areas and back intowarm areas allowing condensation to form and dripinto actuators, transducers, positioners or otherdevices. The presence of drip loops, air passage stopsor the rerouting of c

46、onduits may be necessary. Desic-cant driers with sufficiently low dew point may berequired or rerouting of tubing necessary.4. Air leaks should be identified by manually settingpressure at maximum allowable for 5 minutes with-out reduction of pressure.Other Checkpoints:The following checks should be

47、 made with the pump orfan operating to discover any spring range shift and toobserve effects of any vibration.1. Transducers and positioners should be installed andchecked per manufacturers instructions. Resolutionand repeatability should be within design specifica-tions. Recommissioning and recalib

48、ration at 3 to 6month intervals is recommended.2. If open loop control is used, positioners are abso-lutely required.3. If multiple actuators are operating the same valve,damper, assembly, or jackshaft, they should start andend rotation or stroke simultaneously. If actuators areoperating in parallel

49、 from the same signal and arelocated on different dampers, all dampers should startand stop simultaneously. If valves or dampers havebeen sequenced, the first stage should open or closecompletely before the second stage starts to move.4. Multiple actuators should be coordinated to get posi-tioning of all simultaneously. The use of one posi-tioners output to feed more than one actuator is poorpractice. Multiple actuators from one transducershould be coordinated to get proper positioning of allvalves or dampers.5. Due to dynamic forces, the dampers or butterflyvalves in a mixing o