ASHRAE GUIDELINE 24-2015 Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings.pdf

1、ASHRAE Guideline 24-2015(Supersedes ASHRAE Guideline 24-2008)Ventilation andIndoor Air Quality inLow-Rise ResidentialBuildingsApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on June 27, 2015, and by the ASHRAE Technology Council on July 1, 2015.ASHRAE Guidelines are scheduled to be updated on a five-year

2、 cycle; the date following the Guideline number is the yearof ASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Guideline may be purchased on the ASHRAEwebsite (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail:ordersashrae.org.

3、 Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders inUS and Canada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2015 ASHRAE ISSN 1049-894XASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 62.2Cognizant TC: 4.3, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltr

4、ationSPLS Liaison: John F. DunlapPaul Francisco,* Chair Michael R. Lubliner* Ted A. Williams*Iain S. Walker,* Vice-Chair Stephany I. Mason* Gary CrawPaul H. Raymer,* Secretary Darren B. Meyers* Henry T. GreistDavid A. Baylon* James C. Moore, III* Sanjeev K. HingoraniTerry M. Brennan* Amy B. Musser*

5、Glenn P. LanganRoy R. Crawford* Mary Opalka* Wayne E. MorrisS. Craig Drumheller* John P. Proctor* Armin RuddPhilip W. Fairey, III* Don T. Stevens* Max H. ShermanMark C. Jackson* Thomas R. Stroud* Sarany SingerRichard J. Karg* Eric D. Werling* Christine Q. SunJoseph W. Lstiburek* Bruce A. Wilcox* Ste

6、ven Welty* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication Denotes members of the Guideline 24-2008 revision subcommitteeASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20142015Richard L. Hall, Chair James W. Earley, Jr. Mark P. ModeraDouglass T. Reindl, Vice-Chair Steven J. Emmerich Cyru

7、s H. NasseriJoseph R. Anderson Patricia T. Graef Heather L. PlattJames Dale Aswegan Rita M. Harrold Peter SimmondsCharles S. Barnaby Adam W. Hinge Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Donald M. Brundage Srinivas Katipamula Jack H. ZarourJohn A. Clark Debra H. Kennoy Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOWaller S. Clements Malc

8、olm D. Knight Bjarne Wilkens Olesen, CODavid R. Conover Rick A. LarsonJohn F. Dunlap Arsen K. MelkovStephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of StandardsSPECIAL NOTEThis Guideline was developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. ASHRAE Guidelines are developed under a review process, identifying a Guideline

9、for the design, testing, application, or evaluation of a specific product, concept, or practice. As a Guideline it is not definitive but encompassesareas where there may be a variety of approaches, none of which must be precisely correct. ASHRAE Guidelines are written to assist professionalsin the a

10、rea of concern and expertise of ASHRAEs Technical Committees and Task Groups.ASHRAE Guidelines are prepared by Project Committees appointed specifically for the purpose of writing Guidelines. The Project CommitteeChair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or ma

11、y not be ASHRAE members, all must be technicallyqualified in the subject area of the Guideline.Development of ASHRAE Guidelines follows procedures similar to those for ASHRAE Standards except that (a) committee balance is desiredbut not required, (b) an effort is made to achieve consensus but consen

12、sus is not required, (c) Guidelines are not appealable, and (d) Guidelinesare not submitted to ANSI for approval.The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this Guideline,b. participation in the next review of the Guideline,c. offering const

13、ructive criticism for improving the Guideline, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Guideline.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not g

14、uarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERT

15、ISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, bysuggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providi

16、ng other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be ma

17、de, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.CONTENTSASHRAE Guideline 24-2015,Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential BuildingsSECTION PAGEForeword .21 Purpose.22 Scope23 Definitions .24 Indoor Contaminants.45 Building Airflow Fundamentals116 Outdoor A

18、ir147 Moisture 178 Contaminant Generation and Transport199 Indoor Air Quality Control2310 Mechanical Ventilation System Design .2811 Natural Ventilation.3212 Verification of Equipment Performance.3513 Operations and Maintenance Documentation.3614 References4015 Abbreviations.44NOTEApproved addenda,

19、errata, or interpretations for this guideline can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2015 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigeratin

20、g and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.2 ASHRAE Guideline 24-2015(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain

21、 material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDIn 2003, ASHRAE published Standard 62.2, Ventilationand Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise ResidentialBuildin

22、gs, the first stand-alone ventilation and indoor airquality (IAQ) standard specifically written for low-rise resi-dential buildings. Although Standard 62.2 provides far moredetailed residential ventilation requirements than were con-tained in the previous versions of Standard 62, the 62.2 proj-ect c

23、ommittee felt that the new standard by itself did notadequately address the need to provide information onachieving better IAQ in low-rise residential buildings. In writ-ing Guideline 24, the committee was able to address IAQ andventilation issues where consensus could not be achieved inStandard 62.

24、2 and to provide explanatory and educationalmaterial that would be inappropriate in a document intendedfor code adoption.While the title of Guideline 24Ventilation and Accept-able Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildingsis nearly identical to that of Standard 62.2, this guidelinespurpose

25、 and scope contain many significant differences withStandard 62.2. The purpose of the standard is limited to defin-ing the roles of and minimum requirements for mechanicaland natural ventilation systems and the building envelopeintended to provide acceptable IAQ in low-rise residentialbuildings. Whi

26、le these roles and requirements are written withthe intent of providing acceptable IAQ in low-rise residentialbuildings, the much broader purpose of this guideline is toprovide information on achieving better IAQ in all types ofdwelling units.The scope of this guideline is also broader than that ofS

27、tandard 62.2. Both scopes specify that the documents applyto residential buildings three stories or fewer in height abovegrade, including manufactured and modular houses. How-ever, Standard 62.2s scope specifically excludes unventedcombustion space heaters and provides a list of reasons thatmay prev

28、ent acceptable IAQ from being achieved, despitemeeting all of the minimum requirements. Given its broaderscope addressing topics not included in the standard, Guide-line 24 goes beyond Standard 62.2s baseline objective ofacceptable IAQ in providing information aimed at helping toachieve better IAQ.T

29、hus, in addition to providing informative backgroundmaterial on residential IAQ, this guideline addresses impor-tant residential IAQ issues that were not addressed in Stan-dard 62.2 due to a lack of consensus or other reasons. Someof these issues were addressed in prepublication draft ver-sions of S

30、tandard 62.2 and include carbon monoxide (CO)alarms, air distribution, better air filtration, and unventedcombustion appliances. This guideline also provides usefulinformation on topics such as verification of ventilationequipment performance and operations and maintenance,which, though important, a

31、re not easily addressed in a stan-dard intended for code adoption.1. PURPOSE1.1 This guideline provides information on achieving indoorair quality (IAQ) that may go beyond minimum requirements,i.e., better IAQ.1.2 This guideline provides information relevant to ventilationand IAQ with regard to enve

32、lope and system design, materialselection, commissioning and installation, and operation andmaintenance.2. SCOPEThis guideline primarily applies to ventilation and IAQ forhuman occupancy in residential buildings three stories orfewer in height above grade, including manufactured andmodular houses.3.

33、 DEFINITIONSWhen the following terms are used in this guideline, the defi-nitions provided in this section apply.acceptable indoor air quality: air toward which a substantialmajority of occupants express no dissatisfaction with respectto odor and sensory irritation and in which there are not likelyt

34、o be contaminants at concentrations that are known to pose ahealth risk.air cleaning: the use of equipment that removes particulate,microbial, or gaseous contaminants (including odors) from air.air, exhaust: air discharged from any space to the outside byan exhaust system.air, indoor: air in an occu

35、piable space.air, outdoor: air from outside the building that is taken into aventilation system or that enters a space through infiltration ornatural ventilation openings.air, transfer: air that is moved from one occupiable space toanother, usually through doorways or grilles.air, ventilation: outdo

36、or air that is delivered to a space todilute airborne contaminants.air change rate: airflow in volume units per hour divided bythe volume of the space on which the air change rate is basedin identical units (normally expressed in air changes per hourach).balanced system: one or more fans that supply

37、 outdoor airand exhaust building air at essentially equal rates.bathroom: any room containing a bathtub, a shower, a spa, ora similar source of moisture.better IAQ: air that not only meets the definition of “accept-able indoor air quality,” but also is expected to have reducedlevels of contaminants

38、of concern recommended by theselected cognizant authority.breathing zone: the region within an occupied space betweenplanes 3 and 72 in. (75 and 1800 mm) above the floor andASHRAE Guideline 24-2015 3more than 2 ft (600 mm) from the walls or fixed air-condi-tioning equipment.cognizant authority: an a

39、gency or organization that has theexpertise and jurisdiction to establish and regulate concentra-tion limits for airborne contaminants; or an agency or organi-zation that is recognized as authoritative and has the scopeand expertise to establish guidelines, limit values, or concen-tration levels for

40、 airborne contaminants.concentration: the quantity of one constituent (i.e., contami-nant) dispersed in a defined amount of another (i.e., volumeof indoor air in a dwelling).conditioned space: the part of a building that is capable ofbeing thermally conditioned for the comfort of occupants.contamina

41、nt: a constituent of air that may reduce acceptabil-ity of that air.duct leakage: air leakage through unintentional holes in duct-work.dwelling unit: a single unit providing complete, independentliving facilities for one or more persons, including permanentprovisions for living, sleeping, eating, co

42、oking, and sanitation.effective annual average infiltration rate: the constant airinfiltration rate that would result in the same average indoorpollutant concentration over the annual period as actuallyoccurs under varying conditions.exhaust flow, net: the flow through an exhaust system minusthe com

43、pensating outdoor airflow through any supply systemthat is interlocked to the exhaust system.exhaust system: an unbalanced ventilation system consistingof one or more fans that remove air from the building, causingoutdoor air to enter by ventilation inlets or normal leakagepaths through the building

44、 envelope.exposure: concentration of contaminant likely to be absorbedinto the body.forced-air conditioning system: a thermal conditioning sys-tem with a powered fan that uses air as the distributionmedium in the building.habitable space: building space intended for extended peri-ods of human occupa

45、ncy. Such space generally includes areasused for living, sleeping, dining, and cooking, but does notgenerally include bathrooms, toilets, hallways, storage areas,closets, or utility rooms.high-polluting events: isolated and occupant-controllableevents that release pollutants in excess quantities. Ty

46、picalcooking, bathing, and laundry activities are not consideredhigh-polluting events.infiltration: the uncontrolled inward leakage of air throughcracks and interstices in any building element, such as floors,walls, and ceilings, and around the windows and doors of abuilding.intermittent ventilation

47、: intermittently operated whole-build-ing ventilation that is automatically controlled.kitchen: any room containing cooking appliances.mechanical cooling: reducing the temperature of a fluid byusing vapor compression, absorption, or desiccant dehumidi-fication combined with evaporative cooling or so

48、me otherenergy-driven thermodynamic cooling means. Indirect ordirect evaporative cooling alone is not considered mechanicalcooling.mechanical ventilation: the process of actively supplying orremoving air to or from an indoor space by powered equip-ment such as motor-driven fans and blowers, but not

49、by pas-sive devices such as wind-driven turbine ventilators ormechanically operated windows.natural ventilation: ventilation occurring as a result of onlynatural forces, such as wind pressure or differences in air den-sity, through intentional openings such as open windows anddoors.occupiable space: any enclosed space inside a buildingspressure boundary and intended for human activities, includ-ing, but not limited to, all habitable spaces, toilets, closets,halls, storage and utility areas, and laundry areas.pressure boundary: primary air enclosure boundary s