ASHRAE GUIDELINE 33-2013 Guideline for Documenting Indoor Airflow and Contaminant Transport Modeling.pdf

1、ASHRAE Guideline 33-2013(Supersedes ASHRAE Guideline 33-2000)Guidelinefor DocumentingIndoor Airflowand ContaminantTransport ModelingApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on June 22, 2013, and by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on June 26, 2013.ASHRAE Guidelines are scheduled to be updated on a fi

2、ve-year cycle; the date following the guideline number is the year ofASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Guideline may be purchased on the ASHRAE website(www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail:ordersashr

3、ae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US andCanada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2013 ASHRAE ISSN 1049-894XDISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit o

4、f the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests c

5、onducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes,bysuggestingsafepracticesinde

6、signingandinstallingequipment,byprovidingproperdefinitionsofthisequipment,andbyprovidingother information that may serve to guide the industry.The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Stand

7、ard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE Guideline Project Committee 33CognizantTC:TC 4.10, Ind

8、oor Environmental ModelingSPLS Liaison: Steven J. EmmerichWilliam S. Dols, Chair* Chao-Hsin Lin*Amy B. Musser, Vice Chair* Liangzhu Wang*Julian Rimmer, Secretary* Matthew Wolski*Jason W. DeGraw* Zhiqiang Zhai*Josephine Lau*SPECIAL NOTEThis Guideline was developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. ASHRAE

9、 Guidelines are developed under a review process, identifyinga guideline for the design, testing, application, or evaluation of a specific product, concept, or practice. As a guideline it is not definitive butencompasses areas where there may be a variety of approaches, none of which must be precise

10、ly correct. ASHRAE Guidelines are writtento assist professionals in the area of concern and expertise of ASHRAEs Technical Committees and Task Groups.ASHRAE Guidelines are prepared by project committees appointed specifically for the purpose of writing Guidelines. The projectcommittee chair and vice

11、-chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Guideline.Development of ASHRAE Guidelines follows procedures similar to those for ASHRAE Standards except that (a) committee balance isdesire

12、d but not required, (b) an effort is made to achieve consensus but consensus is not required, (c) Guidelines are not appealable, and(d) Guidelines are not submitted to ANSI for approval.The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Guideline,b.

13、participation in the next review of the Guideline,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Guideline, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Guideline.ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20122013Kenneth W. Cooper, Chair Julie M. Ferguson Janice C. PetersonWilliam F. Walter, Vice-Chair Krishna

14、n Gowri Heather L. PlattDouglass S. Abramson Cecily M. Grzywacz Ira G. PostonKarim Amrane Richard L. Hall Douglas T. ReindlCharles S. Barnaby Rita M. Harrold James R. TaubyHoy R. Bohanon, Jr. Adam W. Hinge James K. VallortSteven F. Bruning Debra H. Kennoy Craig P. WrayDavid R. Conover Jay A. Kohler

15、Charles H. Culp, III, BOD ExOSteven J. Emmerich Rick A. Larson Constantinos A. Balaras, COMark P. ModeraStephanie C. Reiniche, Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted

16、without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSASHRAE Guideline 33-2013,Documenting Airflow and ContaminantTransport Modeling StudiesSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions. 24 Project Documentation . 25 Building Description 26 Multizone Modeling Documentation . 37 CFD Modeling

17、Documentation . 48 Results 59 References . 6NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this guideline can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2013 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a reg

18、istered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2

19、ASHRAE Guideline 33-2013(This foreword is not part of this guideline. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for aguideline and may contain material that has not beensubject to pu

20、blic review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDAirflow and contaminant transport modeling studies areperformed for a number of reasons using a wide variety ofanalysis tools and techniques. This poses a cha

21、llenge to thepractitioners as well as those who might depend on the workof said practitioners to develop, execute, present, and inter-pret such studies. This guideline is meant to provide thosewho carry out and those who commission such studies with acommon ground pertaining to the documentation of

22、thesetypes of studies. This guideline is not meant to provide anall-encompassing and restrictive set of rules but to establisha foundation upon which documentation of such studies canbe formed.1. PURPOSEThis guideline establishes a method and format for docu-menting inputs, assumptions, methods, and

23、 outputs utilizedwhen conducting indoor-airflow and contaminant-transportmodeling studies.2. SCOPEThis guideline applies to the application of airflow andcontaminant modeling for analyses of indoor air quality, ther-mal comfort, energy, and events related to chemical, biologi-cal, and radiological a

24、gents. This guideline only applies tomodeling efforts using multizone network models, computa-tional fluid dynamics (CFD), or combinations of the two.3. DEFINITIONSairflow path: a connection between two nodes of a multizonemodelthroughwhichairandcontaminantscanbetransported.analysis tool: a computer

25、 program that implements a multi-zone and/or computational fluid dynamics model and utilizesnumerical techniques to solve the equations imposed by theunderlying multizone or CFD model.building envelope: the elements of a building that separateconditioned spaces from the exterior.building model: a re

26、presentation of a building or portion of abuilding for purposes of analysis with a multizone or CFDanalysis putational fluid dynamics (CFD): quantitative predic-tion of thermal/fluid physical phenomena in an indoor spaceby numerically solving coupled, partial differential conserva-tion equations.con

27、taminant: an airborne gas, particle, or liquid droplet ofinterest that is represented within an analysis tool.leakage: airflow through cracks/openings in a buildingcomponent or assembly.multizone model: an analysis method whereby a building andits ventilation systems are idealized as a discrete set

28、of airvolumes or nodes that are interconnected by a set of airflowpaths or links.sink model: a representation within a building model of acontaminant removal mechanism.source model: a representation within a building model of acontaminant emission or generation mechanism.zone: a portion of a multizo

29、ne building representation that ischaracterized by a well-defined volume of air.4. PROJECT DOCUMENTATION4.1 Project Description. Provide an overview of the proj-ect, the type of analysis being performed, and the tools used toperform the analysis. These might include the type of struc-ture (e.g., who

30、le building or section of a building) and its geo-graphic location. Indicate which analysis methods are used(e.g., multizone, CFD, or coupled) and the type of evaluationsbeing performed (e.g., airflow, contaminant transport, orenergy consumption).4.2 Objectives. Provide a statement of the overall ob

31、jec-tives of the modeling study. Analysis tools often provide theoption of implementing various modeling assumptions thatare built into the tool. The objectives of a building simulationstudy can dictate the type of analysis to perform as well as thesubset of modeling assumptions to be employed.5. BU

32、ILDING DESCRIPTIONProvide a description of the building or structure beingstudied. If the study only pertains to a portion of a structure,then only the portion being studied needs to be addressed.5.1 Site. Provide descriptions of building location, buildingshape and orientation, and surrounding terr

33、ain, includingsketches, site plans, and images. Provide general climaticinformation, including climate zone, temperature range, andprevailing winds.5.2 Drawings and Plans. Include references to buildingplans upon which the building information is based (e.g.,drawing numbers and dates). These could i

34、nclude conceptualsketches, floor plans, elevation drawings, HVAC riser dia-grams, sequences of operation, etc.5.3 Layout and Dimensions. Provide a description of thenumber of floors above and below grade, space usage, layout,and dimensions of representative building floor plans. Pro-vide nominal bui

35、lding volume and envelope surface area dis-tinguished by above grade and below grade as well as roofsurface area.5.4 Ventilation Systems5.4.1 Mechanical Forced Air Systems. Provide a sum-mary of each system type (e.g., a constant volume, single-zone system), components, and layout of the systems, in

36、clud- ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ASHRAE Guideline 33-2013 3ing supply air handlers, outdoor air intake locations, exhaustfans, and ass

37、ociated filters. Provide system (design and/ormeasured) airflow rates (supply, return, and outdoor) for eachair handler and exhaust fan to the level of detail necessary forthe purposes of the study. This could range from simply pro-viding air handler flow rates to detailed supply airflow rates toeac

38、h room being served by the air handlers. Provide location,type, and efficiency of filtration systems.Provide sequences of operation that affect airflow rates aspertaintothestudyin question(e.g.,nightsetback,outdooraireconomizer, CO2or other demand control).5.4.2 Natural/Hybrid Ventilation Systems. P

39、rovide adescription of the type and operation scheme of natural and/orhybrid (combined natural/mechanical) ventilation systems.This could include operable windows, trickle ventilators,stack-driven flow system, etc.5.5 Measurement Data5.5.1 Leakage Tests. Provide results of leakage tests,including pr

40、essurization/depressurization tests performed onthe building envelope1and/or individual building componentsor ductwork. Include leakage specifications that may havebeen provided by manufacturers of the building componentsthat are included in the building representation.5.5.2 Airflow Rates. Provide r

41、esults of airflow rate mea-surements performed to characterize the airflow of themechanical ventilation systems. This could include testing,adjusting, and balancing (TAB) reports and fan performancecurve specifications. Include dates of TAB reports if avail-able.6. MULTIZONE MODELING DOCUMENTATION6.

42、1 Background. Provide an overview of the modelingsoftware used, the name and version, the main features andassumptions employed, and any results analysis utilitiesincorporated for this study. Describe the overall approachemployed during the modeling project, including the types ofsimulations perform

43、ed (e.g., steady-state airflow, transientcontaminant calculations, coupled airflow and heat transfer,annual simulations, factorial analysis).6.2 Model Inputs. This section provides a comprehensivedescription of the building representation(s) developed inorder to allow those that commissioned the stu

44、dy or thoseevaluating its results to assess the building model(s) that wereemployed in this study.6.2.1 Building Layout and Zoning Strategy. Provide ageneral description of the layout of the building model. Thisshould include how the building model is subdivided into lev-els (e.g., floors and plenum

45、s, above and below grade, levelheights), how the building is subdivided within given levels,the type of zones being employed (e.g., well-mixed, one-dimensional convection diffusion, CFD), and any otherdetails necessary for another modeler to produce similarresults. Provide graphical representations

46、or representativescreen captures of the building model.6.2.2 Building Leakage Characteristics. Provide adetailed list of the airflow versus pressure relationships (leak-age models) used within the model and the types of buildingcomponent leaks that are represented (e.g., doors, windows,wall construc

47、tion), including methods used to model largeopenings such as open doorways and windows. Describe thedistribution of leakage on the building walls, both interior andexterior.Provide building envelope surface areas associated witheach leakage model in the building representation.6.2.3 Indoor Environme

48、ntal Conditions. Provide theindoor zone temperatures utilized during the simulation. Indi-cate whether these values were provided as inputs (constant orscheduled) or calculated during the simulation via heat trans-fer analysis.6.2.4 Ventilation Systems6.2.4.1 Mechanical Forced Air Systems. Provide a

49、summary of how the mechanical forced air systems are repre-sented (e.g., simplified air-handling system, detailed duct sys-tem, exhaust fans). Include schedules of operation, outdoorair delivery, and control strategies that were simulated duringthe study. Explain assumptions and simplifications that mayhave been made in establishing these representations.6.2.4.2 Natural/Hybrid Ventilation Systems. Providea summary of how the natural/hybrid ventilation systems arerepresented, including operating/control schedules of naturalventilation openings and mechanical co