ASHRAE JOURN 37-7 GBH-1995 ASHRAE Journal《ASHRAE日报第37卷第7号 1995年7月》.pdf

1、_. - -c - - -_ I- _ ASHRAE TITLE*J-URN 37-7*GBH 95 I 0759650 0516023 608 I l ASHRAE TITLE*JOURN 37-7xGBH 95 = 0759650 0516024 544 m WU ship your dampers with 5 days or wellpay the freight. dampers and ship them in to be sure to meet your five working days or less. YOU deadline. deadline,meet with yo

2、ur Or well pay the freight. facility thats IS09001 local JohnsonControlsrep- No ifs, an Charles E. Dorgan, P.E., Ph.D.; and Steven P. Leight The Quest for Negligible Health Risk from Indoor Air By William S. Cain, Ph.D.; Jonathan M. Samet, M.D., M.S.; and Michael Hodgson, M.D., M.P.H. The Commonweal

3、th Building: Ground- breaking History with a Groundwater Heat Pump By Michael J. Hatten, P.E.; and W.Bruce Morrison, P.E. Special Section Heating Equipment A roundup of available products. PUBLICATION DISCLAIMER-ASHRAE has compiled this publication with care, but ASHRAE has not investigated, and ASH

4、RAE expressly disclaims any duty to investigate. any prod uct, service, process. procedure, design. or the like which may be described herein. The appearance of any technical data. editorial material, or advertisement in this publication does not constitute endorsement, warranty, or guaranty by ASHR

5、AE of any product, service, process, procedure, design. or the like ASHRAEdoesnotwarrantthattheinformation inthis publication isfreeoferrors, and ASHRAE doesnotnecessarilyagreewilhany staternentor opinion in this publication Theentire riskof theuse of any information in this publication is assumed b

6、y the user. SUBSCRIPTIONS-$6 per single copy (includes postage and handling onmail orders) Subscriptionsfor members86per year. included with annual dues, not deductible. Nonmember $49 (includes postage) in USA, $69 (includes postage for Canadian ano overseas orders) For sJscr pl on wrn a 1 ria oeive

7、r) oseUSA.$t19 Memoersi psJbscript.onsnaveacommon JJTC cxp rai on hoririiernuer sLoscr plioni inay vary Pa)rreiil (,S.nos) reqL red urn 8.8 oroers POSTMASTER: Seno form 3579 10 ASnRAE Jo-rnal. 1791 TA e C rc e h E Atlanta, GA 30329 LETTERSIMANUSCRIPTS-euers to lhe cd lor ario man- uxrprslor p,b caio

8、nsno,ldoesenrro WiiamR Co*er Eator. ASHRAF Journal 1791 Tu.1 eCircteN E. Aitanla GA30329 MICROFILM-Th s pub cal on s m.croliline0 by Untversity M crofttins Inc (UM.), 300 Nom Zeeb Road Ann Arbor MI 48106 For nlorrnat on on COSI ana s%es aiaiiable. )OL may contact UM! al 33 761-4700 ASHRAE Journal Ju

9、ly 1995 5 ASHRAE TITLEaJOURN 37-7*GBH 95 = 0759650 0536030 848 Many Heat Pumps Use Water As A Source. But With 35% Greater Efficiencx Ours Are Making Waves. Energy efficiency improvements these days are usually of the incremental sort. Which explains why the dramatic improvement of our high efficien

10、cy water-source heat pump over competitive models is stirring up the waters of the engineering community. Frankly, some engineers are finding it hard to believe weve achieved a 35% increase in unit efficiency. To which we respond that you dont have to take our word for it. Just ask the Electric Powe

11、r Research Institute (EPRI), which helped us develop the new product. Or the Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (AH), whose AM-320 test results confirm the efficiency. pump is not only the most efficient on the market, it also yields the lowest life-cycle cost. And because many utilities o

12、ffer rebates for installing these high efficiency systems? the payback can be as little as a few months, or even less. The new EnerTrane“ high efficiency water-source heat Creatig %e Rkht AtmospheresM QAmerican Standard Inc. 1993 Internet http: /WWV-trane.COm Plus, the new Trane heat pump can be ins

13、talled in earth- coupled systems, an option that saves even more on heating and cooling dollars. The new Trane high efficiency water-source heat pump was destined to make waves. To catch them, just circle the number below on your reader service card and well send you a free EPRI brochure, comparison

14、 results and technical literature on the product. Until then, hang ten. .-.- EnerTrane“ High Efficiency Water-Source Heat Pump *Ask your utility representative for more information on high efficiency water-source heat pumps and design-your-own rebate incentives. (Circle No. 11 on Reader Service Card

15、) ASHRAE TITLEUJOURN 37-7UGBH 95 O759650 0536033 7By ASHRAE JOURNAL“ 1791 Tullie Circle N.E. Atlanta, Georgia 30329-2305 Electronic Bulletin Board 1-404-636-8400 FAX 404-321-5478 404-235-0228 E Controlling the Environment Through Knowledge EXECUTIVE DIRECTORIPUBLISHER Frank M. Coda PUBLISHING DIRECT

16、OR W. Stephen Comstock EDITORIAL EDITOR William R. Coker e-rnail bcokerashrae.org ASSISTANT EDITOR Shannon E. PowerrJones e-mail spowersashrae.org WASHINGTON BUREAU J.E.Cox, P.E., Ph.D. Charles R. Mir PUBLISHING SERVICES PUBLISHING SERVICES MANAGER Scott A. Zeh GRAPHICS SusanBoughariou TYPOGRAPHY Ke

17、llie M. Frady Stefan R. Moore Nancy F. Thysell CIRCULATION CIRCULATION MANAGER Phyllis Maurer ADVERTISING ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER Edwin F. Farley ADVERTISING PRODUCTION MANAGER Irene F. Eggeling ASHRAE OFFICERS PRESIDENT Billy R. Manning, P.E. PRESIDENT-ELECT Richard B. Hayter, P.E., Ph.D. TREASURER Jam

18、es E. Hill, Ph.D. VICE PRESIDENTS John S. Blossom, P.E. Donald E. Holte, P.Eng. George A. Jackins, P.E. Ronald J. Kessner, P.E. SECRETARY Frank M. Coda POLICY GROUP 1994-95 Chairman Journal/lnsights Committee Eugene Stamper, P.E. Member of the Audit Bureau of Circulation. Audit Bureau ith the incept

19、ion of ASHRAEs new research journal, The W International Journalof HVAC and if we are to meet the expenditure aspirations of the nation, UK engineers in particular must be at the forefront of the wealth creation which is required,“ Moir said. He cited the numerous changes the industry has gone throu

20、gh including the reshuffling of corporate investments, which ultimately could cause changes in potential building needs and service for the future. “Many commercial clients are reap- praising their property assets in relation to investment performance and in relation to the more fluid and flatter ma

21、nagement Alec Moir structures of their business. The impact of information technology on overall company performance and the need to retain flex- ibility for the future are major factors affec- ting these appraisals. :.Thus, considerable building services workloads from private sector clients will f

22、ollow from the consequences of tech- nology and organizational restructuring which is currently turning some companies upside down,“ Moir said. To compete in a market with an increased need for building services, Moir advised that the industry continue to form links with institutions conducting rese

23、arch. “With government and industry funding support, considerable innovation and benefit has accrued to all sectors of the industry,“ Moir noted. It is also essential, according to Moir, that CIBSE and the industry as a whole, also stay current with evolving environmental issues. “The importance of

24、building services engineering within the built environment is - E A PERFECT SOLUTION WE PUT THE “FIT“ FOR NEW - PRdlECTS DESIGNING A NEW PROJECT? ARE YOU POTTING HARD EARNED MONEY INTO TIRED EXISTING EQU I PMENT? Introducing SKYPAK S.E.E.R. of 1O.Ot; efficiency rating of 80.8%. 40,000 to 80,000 BTUH

25、 gas, propane 18,000 TO 32,000 BTUH cooling. Suitable for independent metering and control. Interior design protects from vandalism, weathering, and leaves buildings with an architecturally cosmetic appearance. or electric heating. INTO RETRO For more information call: (905)431-0071 or fax (905)431-

26、2208 City of New York MEA# 349-94-E 8 ASHRAE Journal July 1995 (Circle No. 12 on Reader Service Card) - ASHRAE TITLExJOURN 37-7*GBH 95 m 07596.50 0536033 557 m increasing year by year, particularly as energy and environmental issues become more important toclientsand tothe public. In some instances,

27、 these building services aspects, together with user needs for flex- ibility, can set the project agenda. “The international implications of the Montreal Protocol, together with the effects of CO, emissions on global warming, all impact on our industry. These factors have already helped to draw the

28、client and design team together to reduce as far as possible the demand for energy and mechanical cooling,“ Moir said. It is that team, according to Moir, that iincorporates the technical, practical and nanagement inputs of the constructors, istallers and building operators.“ Finally, Moir urged tha

29、t a serious invest- nent in engineering education and training )e encouraged as a means to maintain cur- ent building services engineering areas that are available. “CIBSE must continue to contribute to the debate about changes to education and to training, and ensure their relevance to the practici

30、ng engineer. We have special problems and special needs and we must be sure they are addressed in order to maintain the quality and standards of all the building services disciplines in the future,“ Moir said. o CFC Refrigerant Distributor Signs Supply Agreement with Environmental Service Co. New Yo

31、rk, New York-Commodore Environmental Services Inc., New York. New York, recently signed a supply and remarketing agreement with Refron Inc., a major distributor of CFC refrigerants. Under the agreement, Commodore will purchase unusable mixed CFC refrigerantsfrom Refron sources to be pro- cessed at C

32、ommodores Marengo, Ohio plant using its patent-pending CFC selec- tive destruction technology. Refron has agreed to purchase from Commodore all unsold recovered CFC materials. Com- modore anticipates that its revenues from the resale of the reconditioned CFCs could exceed $10 million over the next 1

33、2 months. The worldwide production of new CFC refrigerants is currently scheduled to halt on December 31, 1995, based on interna- tion agreementssuch asthe Montreal Pro- tocol. o I n d u s t r yFACT0 ID Stalastic“ coatings make boiler settings air-tight for maximum efficiency and reduced fuel costs.

34、 They also protect existing pipes, insulation and structural members from rust, corrosion, chemical action and weathering. They do this by providing a tough weather-, vapor-, fluid- and abrasion-resistant film that wont react with most acids or bases. These coatings remain flexible indefinitely when

35、 used in the recommended temperature range, so theres no shrinking or cracking. set in 24 hours and are wrkable for as long as two weeks. 75F (-59C) to 400F (2O4S0C), with occasional spikes to 500F (260C). Shipped in 55-gallon drums or five-gallon pails. they have excellent shelf stability: they won

36、t freeze, decompose or settle in storage. For more information, write: Witco Corporation, LubriMatic Products, 1400 S. Harrison, PO. Box 1974, Olathe, KS 66051-1974. Or call 913782-5800. They adhere well to almost any surface, are tack-free in four hours, Stalastic coatings, available in two grades,

37、 provide protection from Wm II ASHRAE Journal July 1995 9 (Circle No. 13 on Reader Service Card) - - ASHRAE TITLE*JOURN 37-7*GBH 95 W 0757650 0536034 473 W To be ODened in 50 Years ASHRAE Seals Erne Capsule at The Franklin Institute Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-ASHRAE recently turned over to The Frank

38、lin Institute a time cap- sule containing items from the Society and industry: The time capsule contains products currently used in the HVAC numerous technical materials, including ASHRAEstandards addressing indoor air qualit)! energy conservation in buildings and refrigerants; and products and memo

39、rabilia from events and activities that took place during the Societys Centennialcelebration during 1994-95. Picturedare ASHRAE President Billy R. Manning (right) with Philadelphia Chapter President Joan Bova placing the plaque on the wall marking the location of the time capsule. Also pictured are

40、items that were sealed in the time capsule. The ASHRAE time capsule will be opened in 2045, when the Society reaches the 150th anniversary of its founding. See the July ASHRAE Insights formore coverage. c PDL Temperature (2) develop computerized models to simulate the physics of the problem, as defi

41、ned in step 1. This includes all the usual software About the author Alex McGowan received a Bachelor of Applied Science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Waterloo. He is vice- president of Enermodal Engineering Limited in Waterloo, Ontario, where he is responsible for software

42、 product development and per- forms research into thermal performance of building shell com- ponents. development problems, debugging and user interface issues, as well as model accuracy; (3) use the computer model to replicate the current test proce- dure. This will help to define the mechanisms at

43、 work for the con- trolled conditions in the laboratory. As there are well-documented results from laboratory testing available, we can use these data to guide the development of the numerical model; (4) use the model to replicate field conditions, building upon what is known about the behavior of p

44、roducts in situ relative to their performance in the lab. Ideally, computer results should be com- pared against field-test results. There is often a big difference between “should” and “did: so this step is not for the faint of heart; and (5) combine the knowledge from steps 3 and 4 to create a com

45、- puter design tool to address the condensation problem at the pro- totype stage (either for prototypes of window products or prototypes of architectural applications). Step 1: Theoretical Background As Figm 1 shows, four main mechanisms affect the formation of Condensation on a fenestration product

46、 in a test: the nature of the exterior surface convection; the nature of the interior surface con- vection; conductive heat transfer in the solid components of the win- dow frame, spacer, and glazing systems; and convective and radiative heat transfer within the glazing cavity. We are not considerin

47、g infiltration as a mechanism, as the current test procedure proposed Frarne/Spacer Condudion Figure 1. Mechanisms affecting condensation resistance. side 24 ASHRAE Journal July 1995 - _ ASHRAE TITLErJOURN 37-7*GBH 95 0759650 0536049 914 S Predicting Window Condensation Potential by the NFRC calls f

48、or sealing and pressure-balancing the test specimen, to remove the variables associated with infiltration from the evaluation. The appropriateness of this test procedure is a sub- ject of continuing debate, and is beyond the scope of this article. At the moment, however, the test procedure does not

49、include infiltration; consequently, current efforts to develop computer models are based on non-infiltration conditions. Even if the test did include infiltration, the best way to develop a model would be to exclude the effects of air leakage from simulation and test results until the developer has confidence in the model, then work on the infiltration aspect. It all comes down to an old axiom for handl- ing complex problems: “If you have to eat an elephant, do it one bite at a time”. Fortunately, there has been a substantial amount of basi