ASHRAE JOURN 39-1 SI-1997 ASHRAE Journal《ASHRAE日报第39卷第1号 1997年1月》.pdf

1、COPYRIGHT American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AC EngineersLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AC EngineersLicensed by Information Handling ServicesAlthough were 100 years old, we werent around to comfort our forefathers as they

2、 drafted, debated and formed a new nation. But fortunately we were there for the visionaries who created the Pennsylvania Convention Center. COPYRIGHT American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AC EngineersLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT American Society of Heating, Refrigerat

3、ing and AC EngineersLicensed by Information Handling ServicesI i STD-ASHRAE SRCH JOURN 37-1 SI-ENGL 1773 118 0757b50 052702q 33T M I SEE US AT BOOTH 3702 (Circle No. 1 on Reader Service Card) COPYRIGHT American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AC EngineersLicensed by Information Handling Servic

4、esSTD-ASHRAE SRCH JOURN 39-1 SI-ENGL 1997 M 0759h5U 0527025 27b cumctyw m#nriesttbowrkrn Fan W8s I3qmeP to discover vvltst ttia Ho- talbal Adviiuitage cm do lor you. phone: (716) 847-5121 fax: (716) 847.7435 COPYRIGHT American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AC EngineersLicensed by Information

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6、00 plw years of engineering expertise to work for you. 9 Certain Sizes Available in Quick Ship Programs (FRpMW George K. Morris, Ph.D.; and Brian G. Shelton, M.P.H 22 ASHRAE Standard 62R: How It Could Affect Segments of the By James A. Reese Air-Conditioning Industry 30 EPA Program Impacts Office Zo

7、ning By Robert J. Rose and Jack Dozier 37 CFD Applications in the HVAC empower your employees to look everywhere for new ideas; estab- Exhibitors At U.K. National HVAC Show By Roy S. Smith Member ASHM LONDON-Exhibitors at this Octobers National HVAC Show in London were the most “bullish” in several

8、years, a welcome change from the less confident exhibitors at the recent IKK exhi- bition in Germany. While the market for most products continues to be difficult, de- mand for air conditioning here continues to grow. This growth, de- scribed by one manufacturer as startling, surprised most of the m

9、ajor suppliers who were unable to meet demand during the fist six months of this year. The HVAC (contractors association), however, said the situation was patchy, the level of work varying in different parts of the country. An association spokesman expressing the hope that the governments last budge

10、t before the general election will help revitalize the building lish a spirit of exploration, innovation and creative freedom; channel creative energy toward new products that fulfill the customers needs; commit research and develop resources; and be patient for results,” he said. To some observers

11、at the conference, however, it became clear that introduc- ing innovation in building design and achieving client satisfaction can at times be mutually exclusive. When innovation leads to lower operating cost, to higher occupancy rates because of improved working conditions, or to a more favor- able

12、 public perception through compli- ance with environmental regulations, innovation thrives. But several attendees voiced concerns that acceptance of inno- vation requires tradeoffs - higher first cost but lower operating cost; improved air quality but more rigorous mainte- nance; and environmental p

13、rotection but equipment replacement. According to one building services engineer, innovation thrives where eco- nomic, political, sociological and scien- tific factors converge. What is critical is not only to drive innovation technologi- cally, but to drive for its acceptance through communication.

14、 How to achieve “buy-in by the decision-mak- ers in the construction process could well be the topic of a future leadership conference. A CIBSE lighting designer summa- rized the proceedings by noting that it is a given that you must satisfy clients. In- novation will only be implemented if it satis

15、fies demand, she said. m Vistors browse the exhibits at the HVAC Show in London 12 ASHRAE Journal January, 1997 COPYRIGHT American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AC EngineersLicensed by Information Handling ServicesSTD-ASHRAE SRCH JOURN 37-1 SI-ENGL 1777 m 0757b50 052703L 051 INDUSTRY NEWS in

16、dusy by reducing taxes, and directing more funds to public build- ings works, such as hospitals. But pundits forecast that overall U.K. construction work will decline steadily until 1998. Generally in the post-recession years attendance at trade exhi- bitions has significantly fallen. Almost 12,500

17、visitors, 30% more than 1995, came to this years National HVAC Show. The atten- dance was gratifying to the organizers, although this was its swan song. In 1997 there will be no major HVAC show in the U.K., but May 1998 will see the first of a new series of exhibitions titled “The Building Services

18、Event.” This new show will be staged at Londons Earls Court Exhibition tiffcr Ironi wthacLs iii tlie turcrs coiiimeiitiiig tlixt “If iiot ove the Gei-nlin 2.1irLicle is Oil holtl.“ Iii I991 ,hei this 4h0 :I last staged in Niiriibcrg i)S it M;IS in Esicii) cxhibi- tor wer? ILIII of coiifidence bccnus

19、c. the booming. Hui thia tiiiic thcrr as ;I notice- :ihlc iiiood change. in I90 I the Govcrnnient allocated some SI .h trillion to bring the living conditions of East CicriiiLiny up to 111x1 of the West by the year 2005. This included funds to mod- ernize sonie 300.000 houics atid build 140.000 new

20、ones mnually. A fiirihcr $315 billion was ;illocated to tzar dOLvI1 and rebuild iiiaiiy of the inefficierii fxto- ries that existed in 1991. Much ut this work lias bccn completecl. arid the slow- down in the countrys economy has report- edly led to cuts in the provision of additional Governirierit a

21、nd private funds for further redevelopiiieiit. The HVACI Il Lllll he 1- of II 1U1 LI hic - colllitry coiistructioii iiiLltitry viis IKK occupied 19,31 4m2 (207 900 ft2) at the Nrnbergs attractive, modern ex- hibition center. The show takes place annually, alternating between Nrnberg and Essen. ititi

22、oriirig md refrigeratiini cquipmeiit by 91 approiiclied SX billioii. A 5% plus srowth (in rcid ternis) for the next three years WS forecast, but available current statistics indicate that this has not been s tis tined . As I was told by a riuniber of German iiimiifacttirers iii Nrnberg, it is the ai

23、r- conditioning sector that has suffered the worst setbacki. One aspect of the down- turn is that developers are specifying air conditioning for nea buildings less fre- queiitly. aiicl leaving it to occupiers to in- atall. One henefit 01 thc practice is that multi-zplit hystciiis have gained an iii-

24、 creased share of the market. This yearz disriial. cool summer tias led to a furthcr decline in thc demand for air conditioning, and increasing conipeti- rion is also depressing the local AC indus- try. This is confimiecl by the number 01 companies froni outside of the country ci- playing air.-corid

25、itioning products at IKK. i-or example, The Kingdom of Saudi-Ara- bia. represented by Al-Essa Industries. said to be the largest manufacturer of win- dow and split-system units in the Middle East, attended TKK to introduce its Crafft line of equipment to the European market. Exports of both air-cond

26、itioning and re- frigeration equipment have over the years become more difficult for Gerinari OEMs, mainly because of the strength of the Mark. Recently, however. the Mark has weakened against a number of curreii- cie. arid exhibitors clainied that there are signs of improvement in overseas ship- me

27、nts. It is expected that on average total sales of air-conditioning equipment during 1996 will bc down at least by S% over 1995. which in itself was a poor year. Rut the forecast is for an upturn in 1997, particular- ly in the piivate sector because of the di- minishing image of air conditionin: ;IS

28、 an unaffordablc luxury fur the home. Also the medical :idvantages (reducing airborne ini- tunts) are increasingly bccoiiiing appreciiit- ed by the general public, and sales 01 portable units have soared over the last 2 to 3 years. The local refrigeration sector is iiicreas- 14 ASHRAE Journal Januar

29、y, 1997 outside the German- of Europe (Gemany, The symposium attracted more there was little interest in use of the protectionissues. COPYRIGHT American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AC EngineersLicensed by Information Handling ServicesSTD-ASHRAE SRCH JOURN 37-1 SI-ENGL 1777 U 0757b50 052703

30、8 72LI H INDUSTRY NEWS ASHRAE and the Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Insti- tute (ARI) used shared exhibit space in a US. pavilion to display ASHRAE publications and answer questions about the U.S. market and U.S. exports. ingly benefiting from the change to CFC refrigerants. Although low, a gro

31、wth rate of around 1 .S% is expected this year. Some 3 million systems have to be converted or replaced in Germany by June 1998, but it is understood that so far only a small percentage of this work has been started. New regulations governing the transport and storage of deep- frozen foods, is also

32、giving a boost to parts of the industry. On Jan. 1, 1997, it became mandatory to continuously monitor the temperature in transport vehicles, warehouses and storage instal- lations. This temperature must be measured at least every 15 min- utes. Records must be kept for at least a year. Today IKK is a

33、 truly international event, the number of coun- tries participating doubling to 34 since 1991. This October a wid- er range of air-conditioning and refrigeration products than ever before was displayed on over 500 stands that occupied 19 314m2 (207,900 ft2) at the citys attractive, modem exhibition

34、center. Occupied space was 4% higher than 1994. Of the 19,314 trade visitors (8.8% more than 1994), 43% came from outside of the country, 9% more than at the last event in Nrnberg. According to the available statistics, 53% of visitors came from the refrigeration sector, and 21% from the air-condi-

35、tioning sector. European Directive Spawns Products MRNBERG-A number of products displayed at IKK help owners and operators comply with a new European Union direc- tive which requires temperature monitoring of frozen foods dur- ing transport and storage. The regulation took effect in Germany in Janua

36、ry for ware- house and storage installations of more than IO m3 (357 ft3). in January 1998, it will apply to transport vehicles with more than 2 m3 (71.4 ft3) storage capacity. The temperature monitoring system must measure and record air temperature often enough to verify temperature behavior. For

37、example, the temperature for transport facilities must be verified at least every 15 minutes and the records must be kept for at least one year. Among the products displayed at IKK to satisfy the regula- tions was the Thermolog series of thermometers. The devices, manufactured by PVM GmbH, log two t

38、emperatures simulta- IKK exhibits range from air-conditioning equipment to cold storage and supermarket applications. Consensus among the 20,000-plus attendees, including more than 7,000 from outside Germany, is that IKK is Europes leading re- frigeration showplace. Particularly over the last few ye

39、ars increasing numbers of companies have shown air-conditioning products, some even de- serting the giant Frankfurt ISH in favor of IKK. When the first IKK was staged in 1980, nearly 5,500 visitors came to see 172 exhibitors occupying 10,5002 (11 413 ft2). Then the emphasis was on refrigeration, and

40、 just five companies showed air-conditioning products. Dominating products included chilled/frozen food cabinets and storerooms, ice makers, bever- age dispensers, refrigerated transport systems, and refrigeration compressors/controls. This year over 40 stands were dedicated to air conditioning, a n

41、umber of other companies also seem to be displaying the prod- uct. Well-known names included Carrier, Hitachi, Fedders, Pana- sonic, Sharp, Trane and York. There were also half a dozen or so, “new” names attending, including Al-Essa Jndustries from the Middle East, and L G Electronics from the Far E

42、ast. Once again there was a U.S. presence at IKK with 25 compa- nies participating, 16 as part of a U.S. pavilion. The biggest over- seas contingent, however, again came from Italy with 55 companies listed in the catalog. France, Great Britain and Israel were all well represented. 8 Thermolog thermo

43、meters help companies satisfy new European requirements. neously, keeping them permanently available for more than a year. Even door openings can be recorded. PVM told ASHRAE Journal that U.S. distributors are now being sought. m January, 1997 ASHRAE Journal 15 COPYRIGHT American Society of Heating,

44、 Refrigerating and AC EngineersLicensed by Information Handling ServicesSTD-ASHRAE SRCH JOURN 39-1 SI-ENGL 1797 = D757b50 0527037 8bO INDUSTRY NEWS The aluminized polymer film, has been used as a radiation barrier in the space program since the first Apollo mission. The materials ensured that con- M

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