ASHRAE JOURN 39-10 VC-1997 ASHRAE Journal《ASHRAE日报第39卷第10号 1997年10月》.pdf

1、 STD-ASHRAE JOURN 37-10 VC-ENGL 1797 U759b50 0529801 974 bohng out for the fmdy shodd%e second nanireI And your first priority Nothing changes ones outlook on life like raising a family There are so many new decisions to be made. One of the most important is figuring out how to protect them if somet

2、hing happens to you. The best answers are right here with ASHRAE. We know a lot about our members. So we can offer insurance that is tailored to the way you live, while keeping our group rates affordable. And as you move on to another job, you can take our coverage with you. Washington, DC (202) 457

3、-6820, between 830 a.m. and 530 p.m. eastern time to speak with a customer service representative. So if youre questioning the nature of your insurance plan, call 1 800 424-9883, or in ASHME Insurance Term Life Disability Income Protection High-Limit Accident Excess Major Medid* Member Assistance Me

4、dicare Supplement Insurance The term life and comprehensive healthcare plans are underwntten by the New York Life Innirance Company 51 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10010, on Poiicy Fom GMR (Circle No. 4 on Reader Service Card) 113 VC-ENGL 1997 0759b50 0529803 7Lf7 In a deregulated it pays to diversi

5、fy your chillers Electric utility deregulation means the cost of electricity will reflect real-time pricing. While off-peak prices may be lower, prices during peak cooling hours will be dramatically higher. This pricing scheme favors chiller plants capable of operating with multiple energy sources.

6、By choosing the right mix of chillers, youll realize substantial savings by balancing your operation to use the most economical energy source available at any given time. Only YORK gives you a full range of chiller choices to deliver real-world energy performance at real-time energy pricing. You can

7、 go with Millennium electric chillers to take advantage of hours of low-cost electricity. When electric power is expensive, even high-efficiency, electric chillers cant compete with Millennium gas-fired absorption and gas-engine-drive chillers that exploit low summer gas prices. You can also select

8、Millennium steam-absorption or steam-turbine-drive chillers that tap economical steam sources. These proven technologies - along with intelligent controls that optimize chiller operations based on variable energy costs - are already achieving unprecedented energy savings in multiple- chiller plants.

9、 Call YORK today. Well help you diversify to save dollars in the deregulated energy era. 1-800-86 1 - 1 O01 http:/www. INTERNATIONAL Engineering Air Conditioning for the 21st Century (Circle No. 5 on Reader Service Card) STD. ASHRAE JOURN 37-io VE-ENGL 1777 075qb50 052q*01-1 b83 (Circle No. 6 on Re

10、ader Service Card) 9-10 VC-ENGL 1777 0757b5CI 0527505 52T F Page 7 7: lab studies VOCs Page 97: ASHVZesearch laboratory The V in Classroom HVAC By Arthur E. Wheeler, P.E . 48 By Stephen B. Austin, P.E. . _._ 57 Regression Analysis for Savings Verification Gas-Fired Desiccant System for Retail Super

11、Center Unhoused (Plug/Plenum) Fans: Is Their Performance Predictable? Heat Pump System for Laundry By John W. Spears and Jim Judge, P.E. . 65 By Charles W Coward, Jr., P.E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 By Robert P. Schowalter, P.E. . . 77 1997-98 Research Annual Report . 89 1996

12、-97 Investor Honor Roll . 103 Commentary . _. . 7 Industry News ._._._ _: _._ 1 1 Washington Report . 22 Fonim 27 Technology Q an article by John W. Spears and Jim Judge, P.E., that evaluates a gas-fire des- iccant makeup air system in a large retail store; an article by Chuck Coward, P.E. on the pe

13、rformance of unhoused plug/plenum fans; and an article by Robert Schow- alter, P.E., on his Technology Award-winning project that uses a commercial heat pump water heater in a coin laundry. ASHRAE JOURNAL is a collaborative effort of many people, from those who serve on the committees and boards to

14、those who write and review the articles. We appreciate all of their contributions, and also welcome suggestions from our readers. Sarah Foster, managing editor; Tanja Mushenko, editorial assistant; and I can be reached by e-mail, fax and postal mail on the address list in the mast on this page. Have

15、 a great month. October 1997 BUT WITH LONWORKSO NETWORKS, IT ONLY TAKES 1 MANAGER To RUN IT. Contrafled Access Whos tn the building? Youll always know with LONWORKS networks. Because controlled access cards help the network keep an eye on whos coming and going. Youye never in the dark with LONWORKS

16、networks. Because once you enter the budding, the network turn on the lights in and around your ofice. LONWORKS networks emwe that every o ice has the ideal temperature. So men iff fice A likes it 78 degrees and ofice Z wants it ai 65 everybodys cool. How weli do you know your building? With LONWORK

17、S networks, youll know exactly whats happening in every nook and cranny on your system. So if the themostat, security system or even somethtng as simple as a iight bulb needs attention, you can address it in a flash. Motorolas Neuron“ ICs are the brains that power up LONWORKS networks and make them

18、part of the BACnet“ standard. In fact, its this type of intelligence that helps bdcngs run more efficiently with less downtime. And LONWORKS networks dow for interoperability, so youre no longer tied to one vendoL Makmg both you and your building even smarteL So maybe its time you get to know LONWOR

19、KS networks. From Wired and Wireless Communications to Consumer Electronics, Motorola products power the innovative solutions that enable your success. Visit US at heuron-chips or call 1-800-201-0293 (Ref. #LWOOl). MOTOROLA Semiconductor Products Sector What you never thought possible.m (Circle No.

20、 8 on Reader Service Card) STD-ASHRAE JOURN 39-10 How to tap into gallons of quality hot water instantly No hydrocarbon emissions. Stack temperature is only a few degrees higher than feedwater Cold water inlet ETL listed control panels, burners and gas trains comply Optional combustion air inlet ple

21、nums, filters and silencers High Efficiency, hamber is environmentally friendly produced continuously, depending on Low Operating Cost roducing virtually no hydrocarbon Firewater model. Maximum tempera- This ultra-efficient gas-fired hot wa- ture rise is 140F to a top temperature ter generator heats

22、 water directly in a of 180F- Available integral storage heat exchange column. Models Up to tankaccumulates hot waterfordeliveb 25 million BTU/hr produce 1,000 on demand. Contact us for more gallons of hot water virtually instantly. information including the name of your Combustion efficiency and in

23、stanta- local Bryan Boilers representative. neous heat transfer achieve eff icien- cies near 100% for fuel cost reduction up to 15% or more. Inherently Safe Firewater operates at atmospheric pressure eliminating all risks of a pres- surized system. USDA and FDA ap- proved for food process applicatio

24、ns, “bacteriologically safe.” All stainless steel construction, and combustion emissions, NOorCO. Volumes of hot water on demand From WO UP to as much as 1,000 gal- Ions-per-minute of hot water can be BRYAN BOI1 ERS INSTANT HOT WATER Bryan Boilers, Subsidiary of Bryan Steam Corporation, Since 1916 P

25、.O. Box 27, Peru, IN 46970 /Phone: 765473-6651 /Fax: 765473-3074 /E-Mail: /internet: Commercial/ZndustriaI Steam and Hot Water Boilers, Boiler Room Accessories O1996 BryanBoilers 67-8762 (Circle No. 9 on Reader Service Card) STD-ASHRAE JOURN 39-10 VC-ENGL 1797 0759b50 0529811 813 IRC Study Adding

26、to Data On VOCs in Workstations OTTAWA-An Institute of Research in Construction (IRC) study is providing crucial information about indoor air quality in the workplace. The research, reported in IRCs Construction Innovation newsletter, is part of a five-year project to develop guidelines for selectin

27、g materials that emit few pollutants and develop ventilation strategies that enable new or retrofitted buildings to meet a specified IAQ level. The process involves creating methods and procedures to measure emission characteristics under lab and field conditions, and models for predicting the conce

28、ntration of contaminants emitted by various materials. The research is being conducted in IRCs state-of-the-art test facility. It already has produced information about which volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted, the VOC concentrations, and how ventilation strategies affect concen- trations

29、 of individual VOCs and total volatile organic com- pounds (TVOCs). The researchers used a full-scale stainless steel test cham- ber, with a dedicated HVAC system simulating realistic room conditions, to determine sources of emissions and the “sink” characteristics of an office workstation system. S

30、ink refers to the phenomenon of materials absorbing contaminants in a space and eventually re-emitting them. To confirm the validity of the data gathered, tests also were conducted in a real build- ing with the same type of Workstation. Both workstations have soft-wall partitions, desks, drawers, bo

31、okcases, an adjustable chair, a side chair and a piece of carpet. Of the 45 compounds emitted in this workstation, the six most abundant were: Acetone, Pentane, i-Propanol, Toluene, Phenol and Nonanal. There were two distinct emission periods: an initial, short (10 hours) period following the start

32、of ventila- tion during which emission rates were high but diminished quickly; and a subsequent quasi steady-state period when emis- sion rates diminished slowly or stayed almost constant. In addition, the chamber tests demonstrated that the work- Research in IRCs modern test facility has produced i

33、nfor- mation about how VOCs are emitted, and how ventilation strategies affect concentrations. station created a significant sink effect for several compounds often found in buildings. Follow-up testing in the real building showed that Nonanal, Toulene and Acetone remained detect- able eight months

34、after installation which corresponded to the chamber test results. Overall, the research, led by Jianshun Zhang, Ph.D., has provided emission data for use in estimating the contribution of the workstation to contaminant concentrations in buildings under similar ventilation and workstation density co

35、nditions. The tests also have provided directions for further study of the sink effect, including the adsorption/desorption of contami- nants in common building materials. Industry roup Says ot Health Risk WASHINGTON-A report in a British medical journal that links HCFC refrig- erants to liver cance

36、r is “incomplete and unsubstantiated,” according to Program for Alternative Fluorocarbons Toxicity Testing (PAFT), an industry group that conducts toxicity testing on alternatives to CFC refrigerants. “Overexposure to any chemical can cause a toxic response, particularly if the exposure occurs in a

37、small, enclosed space,” said George Rusch, PAFT Toxi- cology Committee chairperson and di- rector of toxicology and risk assessment for Alliedsignal. “Whats important,” he said, “is that HCFC-124 and HCFC- 123 have each undergone extensive tox- October 1997 icity testing and have been found to not p

38、ose any adverse health effects, includ- ing acute liver toxicity, when used prop- erly in their intended applications.” The Lancet paper, “Epidemic of liver disease caused by hydrochlorofluorocar- bons used as ozone-sparing substitutes of chlorofluorocarbons,” contends that nine workers in a Belgian

39、 smelting factory de- veloped liver damage from exposure to HCFC-123 and HCFC-124. The authors, according to PAFT, attempted to correlate clinical evidence of hepatitis with expo- sure to these refrigerants but did not ad- dress exposure duration or concentration. “There are established short-term a

40、nd long-term exposure levels for these prod- ucts,” said Bill Brock, Ph.D., staff toxi- cologist at DuPont. “It appears? based on the data in The Lancet, this exposure limit was exceeded for a long period of time.” The authors, he added, made no attempt to assess exposure concentrations or rule out

41、other potential toxic chemicals. Dr. Reva Rubenstein of the U.S. Envi- ronmental Protection Agency said the EPA supports the position that “all of the alternatives” can be used safely when in- dustry standards are followed. “To sug- gest that a chemical is not safe because incorrect handling procedu

42、res resulted in hazardous conditions, which we believe to be the case in the Belgian incident, is simply outlandish,” she said. ASHRAE Journal 11 Our New Fan Box IS so you can realk aet down to business J Low noise levels are important in just about any building environment, and thats what you get w

43、ith the new TITUS quiet fan terminal unit series. The TQS series fan terminal delivers NC 35 at 1500 cfm airflow. Its unique internal construction eliminates the need for external sound attenuators or a special “quiet” unit, thus providing savings in todays value driven economy. In addition to low n

44、oise levels, both the TQS and TQP (parallel unit) are designed around twci sizes, simplifying the design and layout considerations. With its modular construction, the TQS is even convertible to a parallel unit! Available from 200 to 3500 cfm, the TQS and TQP cover a broad application range for all o

45、f your cooling only, or reheat fan terminal ap,plication needs. For more information contact your local TITUS representative. 990 Security Row Richardson, Texas 75081 Phone 972-699-1030 Fax 972-918-8880 www.titus- e-mail: titus titus- CopyrightO 1997, Tomkinc Industries, Inc. All rights reserved. (C

46、ircle No. i0 on Reader Service Card) STD-ASHRAE JOURN 37-LO VC-ENGL 1997 075b50 U529812 75T B 39-10 VC-ENGL 1997 0759b50 0529833 b7b Tunnel at Sarnia, Ontario. Rail Tunnel Earns Eng in eerin g Award NORWICH, Canada-A rail tunnel project that connects Port Huron, Mich. with Sar- nia, Ontario has won

47、the 1996 Schreyer Award, a prestigious Canadian engineer- ing award. The tunnel, which will be used as a rail haulage route, has a 600 m (1 83 ft) section located under the St. Clair River. It was designed by Hatch Mott MacDonald and is the worlds largest-diameter inter- national rail track tunnel.

48、Woods Air Movement, a subsidiary of Amencan Fan Company, provided the ventilation equipment, including spe- cially designed jetfoils. After a trains passage, the reversible jetfoils purge the tunnel of exhaust fumes and control smoke in the event of a fire. The fans can operate at 250C (482C) for up

49、 to one hour. Safety was an important aspect of this project because parts of the tunnel run under a petro-chemical refinery, a sewerage plant, as well as a marine dock and a major street. Denver to Use District Cooling DENVER-Colorados Public Service Company plans to build, operate and maintain a chilled-water cooling system to serve downtown Denver. The first chiller plant will provide about 25,000 tons (88 O00 kW) of