ASHRAE JOURN 40-10 ARR-1998 ASHRAE Research Report 1998-99《《ASHRAE研究报告》1998-99年 第40卷10号 1998年10月》.pdf

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11、 movement; enhanced heat transfer; space heating; air infiltration and distribution of supply air. From the middle row down are roof systems; energy recovery; and capillary-tube heat exchanger. From the third row down are atrjum exhaust effectiveness; heating and cooling systems; and weather. On the

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17、/ine Components Catalog DC-98. EMERSON POWER TRANSMISSION P.O. BOX687 www.emerson- Call toll-free 1-800-791 -71 06 II, MAYSVILLE, KY 41 056 I ASHRAE Research esearch conjures visions of people in white lab coats huddled over micro- scopes or test instruments. Much has changed in recent years in ASHR

18、AE research. Computer modeling, for example, has replaced much of the experi- mental work. But other aspects have changed little. ASHRAE research projects are still governed by practitioners for practitioners. All result in meeting papers. Many form the technical foundation for the ASHRAE Handbook c

19、hapters or ASHRAE standards. This issue features the 1998-99 ASHRAE Research Report. ASHRAE has 86 active projects with a contract value that exceeds $9 million. The 1998-99 research appropria- tion is $3.2 million. About half of the money is raised through its sponsorship of the International Air-c

20、onditioning, Heating and Refrigerating Exposition (AKR Expo). The other half is raised through donations from individuals and organizations. Projects are funded on a formula set by the Research Activities Committee. The priorities for funding for 1998-99 are IAQ, comfort and health, 20% of funds; de

21、sign and O energy conservation, 20%; environmentally safe materials, 15%; high risk, innovative and emerging technologies, 10%; fire and safety, 5%; refrig- eration systems, 5%; and food processing and preservation, 5%. OUR ROUNDTABLE on Standard 62 this spring included lively discussion about the m

22、ultiple spaces equation, a little-understood element of the current standard. This months article by Dennis Stanke, Member ASHRAE, explains how the equation works and why its important. Stanke is amember ofthe committee revising Standard 62-1989. In another article, Steve Kavanaugh, Ph.D., Member AS

23、HRAE, contends that the advantages of ground source heat pumps are being compromised by needless com- plexity and “gadgets.” To prove his point, he compares the costs of simple and com- plex ground source heat pump systems for a small office building. In other articles: Mark Mays tells how to pinpoi

24、nt the causes of noise problems in adjustable speed drives; * Michael Brambley, Ph.D., Member ASHRAE, and three co-authors explain why automated fault diagonistics is becoming more practical; and, George Berbari, Member ASHRAE, provides detailed data on the application of runaround coils in hot and

25、humid climates. Runaround coils and heat pipes are becom- ing popular ways to minimize the impact of Standard 62 ventilation requirements. LAWRENCE (LARRY) DARROW, Afiliate ASHRAE, served as ASHRAEs art director from 1975 until his retirement in 1994. His association has continued through his unique

26、 magazine covers. This months cover reflects different aspects of ASHRAEs research. Each icon is explained on Page 5 in the “Front Cover” section. Have a great month. October 1998 Any building, in any part of the country. has its ov n cooling “issues.” Air quality, comfort and COSI control are the m

27、ajor onch. Fortunately, we have the technology to resolve those issues. Yatiiral gas cooliiig technology. Clean burning. Efficient. And vcry. high humidity levels. therinoitat way down just to reduce high levels OI humidity. A natural gas desiccant system allovs you to control humidity levels separa

28、tely from tcni- perature. Desiccant s! stems can cool alone or in combination kith a chiller. By dehumidifying the air, a deciccant system saves the extra energy it takes for il chiller to cool mokt air. That mcans a desiccant system can stretch the capacity of an existing chiller or reduce the size

29、 of the chiller speciled in new construction. Desiccant dehumidification mini- temperature control. (Based on 200,000-sq.-t building) ordinary cooling systems turn on full force. Too cool and they just shut off. Natural gas is natures cleanest burning fossil fuel - a far cry from coal- and oil-fired

30、 electricity. There isnt much in between. Natural gas engine-driven chillers eliminate the extremes through variable-speed oper- ation. By modulating capacity, running at lower speeds for longer periods of time, they can “even out” temperatures and keep humidity down far more effi- ciently and effec

31、tively than electric systems. Also, recovered thermal ener- gy from engine-drives can be put to other uses, such as water heating or mizes or eliminates the growth of bac- teria, mold, mildew and frost crystals. That makes it ideal for hospitals and other medical facilities, health spas, hotels, off

32、ices, supermarkets and restau- rants. And desiccant technology helps meet ASHRAEs 62-89 standards for indoor air quality and increased fresh air without overloading the system. a Theissue: STD-ASHRAE JOURN iO-LD ARR-ENGL 1998 0759650 0539807 270 regenerating a companion desiccant system, making the

33、engine-driven sys- tem even more efficient. Advanced natural gas engine-driven systems are often the technology of choice for large public facilities, office complexes, retail outlets, factories, medical centers and universities. Sales of this equipment in the commercial market have quadrupled in re

34、cent years. The issue: the environment. hen it comes to reducing pollu- quiet, low-maintenance operation - perfect for apartment houses, libraries, churches, hospitals, hotels and offices. The issue: having more than one issue. When a building has two prob- lems - say, temperature fluctuation and hu

35、midity- two natural gas cooling systems can be combined. In this case, an engine-driven system with a desic- cant system. This not only can control temperature and air quality better, the combination also can reduce costs. The issue: energy rates. Natural gas technology is versa- tile, efficient and

36、 economical. Further- more, its rates are lowest in the sum- mer, when electric rates are at their highest - enabling building owners and managers to minimize or eliminate electric peak demand charges. And a gas-electric hybrid system can serve as a hedge against energy price fluctua- tion. Thats de

37、mand side management. Want to know more? Contact the Marketing Department of your local gas company. absorption cooling systems. They dont use man-made refrigerants or mechani- cal compressors. Instead, they rely on water as the refrigerant. So, you dont have to worry about retrofitting to meet futu

38、re emission standards, or the loss of cooling capacity that results with each retrofit. Absorption systems are available as chillers or chiller-heaters, direct- fired by a gas burner or indirectly pow- ered by another heat source such as water or steam system. waste heat from a cogeneration, hot cne

39、am rw8turail gas0 “hinaDa what yB9nB save; A Absorption chillers con- tain few moving parts for _ tion, its hard to beat natural gas The acid test of a cooling system: the hours from 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. Mugginess, humidity, the stickies. Whatever you call it, natural gas cooling systems handle it mor

40、e efficiently and economically than electric ones. (Circle No. 8 on Reader Service Card) I STD.ASHRAE JOURN YO- Metraflex I I 2323 W. Hubbard St.,Chibago, IL 60612 01 998 The Metrailex Company (Circle No. 26 on Reader Service Card) 10 AS HRAE Journal 0 ARR-ENGL 1998 I 0759650 0539808 127 I Roles, Ap

41、proach Outlined Siemens AG Acquires Landis total-column ozone has been almost constant at the midlatitudes since the recovery from the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines. Naturally occurring events in the atmosphere affect climate and can affect stratospheric ozone processes. The presence of p

42、articulates (such as sulfate aerosols) in the upper atmosphere can provide reaction sites for ozone-loss chemistry to pro- ceed. Stratospheric sulfate aerosols have increased by more than an order of magnitude due to the two most recent volca- nic eruptions (El Chichon in 1982 and Mt. Pinatubo in 19

43、91). The springtime Antarctic hole continues unabated. The ex- tent of the hole has remained unchanged since the early 1990s. There is a near-complete destruction of ozone within the Ant- arctic lower stratosphere during the springtime. The late-wintedspring Arctic ozone values have been un- usually

44、 low in six out of the last nine years. These particular six years were unusually cold with protracted stratospheric win- ters. Elevated stratospheric halogen abundances over the next decade or so imply that the Arctic will continue to be vulner- able to large ozone losses. Vulnerable Period Ahead T

45、he fall-off of total chlorine and bromine abundances in the stratosphere in the next century will be slow as natural pro- cesses remove these compounds from the atmosphere. The most vulnerable period of ozone depletion will extend into the coming decades. Extreme perturbations, i.e., natural events

46、such as volcano eruptions could enhance the loss from ozone-de- pleting chemicals. Detection of the beginning of the ozone layers recovery could be achievable early in the next century if decreasing chlorine and bromine abundances were the only factor. How- October 1998 ASTD*ASblRAE-JQIJRN 40-10 ARR

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