ASHRAE JOURN 40-8 BFL-1998 ASHRAE Journal《ASHRAE日报第40卷第8号 1998年8月》.pdf

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16、al Meeting Page 50: Technology Award ASHRAEs Bridges to the Future: Learning-Unity-Visibilit By George A. Jackins, PE. By Larry G. Berglund, Ph.D., FIE. 30 Comfort and Humidity . Predicted and Measured Air Exchange Rates By Walid S. Bouharnra, Amal S. Elkilani and Mahmoud Y Abdul-Raheem . By Charles

17、 T. Joyce, PE., and Jennifer S. Iliria By Harry John Boody . 42 Gas-Phase Contamination Control for Semiconductor Clean Rooms . 46 Total Systems Design 50 . 8 . 24 Letters . . 28 141 Commentary Industry News . 12 Washington Report . 26 Meetings and Shows . Focus on Controls 139 New Products . Litera

18、ture . People . 145 Classified Advertising . Advertising Index . 152 Reader Service Card 152a Front “aver 7 998-99 ASHRAE President George A. Jackins, PE., Fellow ASHRAE, presents his inaugural address on Page 30. His theme is ASHRAEs Bridges to the Future: iearning-Uni-V;sibiiiS. Jackins was instal

19、led as ASHRAEs president on July I. He joined the Socieiy 40 years ago as a student member at Georgia institute of Technology in Atlanta. The cover photograph of the Georgia Tech Administration Building, now named the ieffie Pate Whitehead Evans Building, is from his yearbook. The cover photo of Jac

20、kins is by Melissa Springer. 0 0 I 650 0519532 7T3 d MCBUAY SCREW aOMPRE550R WATER COOLED CHILLER MCQUAY SCREW COMPRESSOR AIR COOLED and James Drzemiecki, a utilities expert at Price Waterhouse Coopers. The Case for Kyoto Stuart Eizenstat disputed Sensenbrenners and Hagels sci- entific and economic

21、questions. The science, he said, is based on the consensus of scientists from 50 countries. Data come from core samples of glaciers and monitoring, not projections. will increase US. energy prices 33% by 2010. But their main objection is the accords failure to include 134 develop- ing nations. Skill

22、ed jobs, said Sensen- brenner, will be lost as industries relo- cate to developing countries like China, India, Mexico and Brazil which are not subject to the treaty. In addition, Sensenbrenner said the 15-nation European Union will gain mar- ketplace advantage because the 1990 base year lets them t

23、ake credit for pol- lution reductions from the closure of Stalinist-era factories in East Germany. “Without significant changes-and I stress the word significant-the Sen- ate will be overwhelmingly against it,” he said. Sponsors and Speakers The Energy Efficiency Forum is sponsored annually by the U

24、nited State Energy Association and Johnson Controls. This years edition at the National Press Club covered different as- pects of U.S. energy policy but focused on the Kyoto accord. It was attended by more than 300 science, government and business leaders. In addition to the congressmen, speakers in

25、cluded U.S. Ambassador Stuart Eizenstat, who led the U.S. delegation in Kyoto; Frederick Pea, former US. Secretary of Energy; J. Brian Atwood, administrator for the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID); Peter Coy, associate economics editor The economic cost, he said, will amount to 46

26、cents a gallon for gaso- line, increasing the cost of energy by about $1 O0 per family by Year 20 1 O. This cost, he said, pales when com- pared to the price for dramatic, un- predictable changes in weather. As for claims of economic catastrophe, he said such claims have accompa- nied every environm

27、ental initiative, going back to the Clean Air and Clean Water acts. “Kyoto,” he said, “is an insurance policy against the potentially devas- tating impacts of global warming. If we act now, the premium on this policy will be far more reasonable and less costly than if we delay and hope the problem g

28、oes away. The evidence shows that it will not and we cant reverse the impact.” Eizenstat agreed with Sensenbrenner and Hagel that Kyoto did not meet requirements for participation by developing coun- tries. By 2015, China will be the single largest emitter of en- ergy-related carbon dioxide, and the

29、 developing world will overtake the developed world in emissions by 2020. Eizenstat said participation by developing nations could be secured through bilateral agreements and World Bank loan programs. Sensenbrenner and Hagel disagreed, and Eizenstat acknowl- edged that theres no point in submitting

30、the treaty to the Senate without “meaningful participation” from the develop- ing world. August 1998 ASHRAE Journal 12 STD-ASHRAE JOURN 40-8 BFL-ENGL 1998 0759650 0539539 058 EizenStat said a major accomplishment at Kyoto is the in- clusion of “sinks” that enable beneficial activities, such as plant

31、ing trees, to offset emissions. Another accomplishment is the market-based approach that lets companies and coun- tries trade emission permits. Eizenstat said the system, mod- eled after the sulfur emissions trading program, creates an incentive for energy efficiency through verifiable transactions.

32、 In other comments, Eizenstat surprised some observers by emphasizing the importance of nuclear power in mitigating global warming. The statement hinted a possible shift in Clinton administration policy. Transferring Technology J. Brian Atwood of USAID described the importance of en- ergy efficiency

33、 and his agencys role in developing nations where “the push for acceler- ated economic growth is on a collision course with the need to preserve and renew natural resources.” Some 1.2 billion people live in cities with unaccept- able air pollution, he said. Respiratory illnesses are ma- jor killers

34、of children in the developing world and ac- count for large portions of medical expenditures. He de- scribed an USAID program in Cairo that led to 80% reduc- tion in lead pollution in the air by converting taxis and busses to use natural gas, along with regular gasoline. Taxi drivers, he said, are e

35、nthusiastic because theyre spending less for fuel. The use of technology in the developing world, Atwood said, can lead to similar experiences, particularly in countries like China, which builds dozens of new coal-fired plants each year. “The pressures of soaring energy demand, economic growth and e

36、nvironmental degradation offer opportunities for win-win solutions. Our presence and experience in many of the key countries allow us to match countries with energy and environmental needs with American technology. This is good for them and good for the United States.” Utility Deregulation James Drz

37、emiecki, utilities consultant at Price Waterhouse Coopers, predicted that by 2005 deregulation will have resulted in competition for every electricity customer in every state. This deregulation, he said, will bring an explosion of product and service offerings, including energy management services.

38、In comments seemingly directed at the many environmen- talists in the audience, he said the power industry will provide an environment-friendly product if customers demand it. But he urged them to remember that electrification is a critical com- ponent of economic development. Technological progress

39、, he said, is likely to have a greater impact on the global climate August 1998 Sen. Chuck Hagel than “a smart group of people with the noblest of intentions.” Technology Conundrum Peter Hoy of Business Week said that technology and wealth are the bogeymen of energy conservationists. Technology, he

40、said, makes it cheaper for Americans to own and operate refrig- erators, air conditioners and cars, so Americans buy bigger refrigerators, air conditioners and cars. Technology, he said, also is preventing the normal demand-based energy price in- creases that environmentalists have long anticipated.

41、 Hori- zontal drilling, 3-D seismology and synthetic catalysts have kept the inflation-adjusted price of gasoline at its level before the 1973 energy crisis. Wealth, he said, is the other problem. As free markets increase wealth, energy consumption follows. For example, the Chinese are trading bicyc

42、les for cars, and Indians are buying refrig- erators. “Who can blame them,” he said. “We did it our- selves.” However, Hoy said that theres still room for techno- logical improvements and the next decade should see ad- vances in fuel cells and pho- tovoltaics. Utility deregula- tion, he said, is pro

43、moting ef- ficiency through traditional supply and demand, while also increasing opportunities for energy-se-vice firms. In addition, wealth is cre- ating a demand for “environmental goods” that is rising faster than material goods. “Americans,” Hoy said, “are happy to spend extra for quiet, for cle

44、an air and water, for open space. The developing world has not reached that stage, but it will.” Rep. James Sensenbrenner Government Programs Former U.S. Energy Secretary Frederick Pea said technol- ogy is the centerpiece of President Clintons global climate strategy and the President firmly believe

45、s the US. can protect the environment while also growing the economy. The Presi- dent, he said, has earmarked more than $80 million to develop building technologies and $6.3 billion over five years for the Climate Change Technology Initiative. “The big message,” said Pea, “is that irrespective of yo

46、ur views on global warming, conserving our resources is the right thing to do for the environment and the right thing to do for business.” Pea also discussed the DOES streamlined process for awarding energy performance contracts and the Buildings for the 2 1 St Century Program, designed to make comm

47、ercial build- ings 50% more efficient by 20 1 O. Initiatives also include a pro- gram to put one million solar roofs on buildings, the Energy Star buildings program and the PATH (Partnership for Ad- vancing Technologies in Housing) Program to make new homes 50% more efficient and existing homes 30%

48、more efficient. ASHRAE Journal 13 STDmASHRAE JOURN 40-8 BFL-ENGL 1998 0759b50 0539540 87T m INDUSTRY NEWS Construction Upturn Buoys BSE By Roy S. Smith Associate Member ASHRAE LONDON-Sponsored by the British Federation of Environmental Trade As- sociations (FETA) and organized by Emap Exhibitions, t

49、he newly named Buiid- ing Services Event (BSE) was the largest HVAC show in London for some years. It was run in concert with a seminar to improve the practical skills of building service professionals. Some 12,000 specifiers, con- tractors and installers at- tended the three-day event in May to see the latest products displayed by more than 500 British and overseas compa- nies. To reflect its new name and scope, the show included sectors such as building man- agement, fire prot