ASHRAE OR-16-C009-2016 The Secret to High Performance Space Heating in High-Bay Buildings.pdf

1、Marc Braun is the Executive Vice President of Sales 2. 130% (0.078 cfm/ft2 (0.39 L/sm2) for additional LEED credit; 3. Zero minimum mechanical ventilation with outdoor air provided to simulate common practice for non-LEED certified buildings. In summary, energy modeling results from this analysis fo

2、und the HTHV type of space heating system used the least amount of total energy for all the cases above. Results for a typical LEED warehouse were 23.9% to 59.0% annual gas savings versus all other warehouse heating systems. This is attributed to its high combustion efficiency, its high discharge te

3、mperature of 160F (77C) and its high certified temperature rise of 160F (89C). SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS HTHV direct fired heating equipment can supply both ventilation and space heating airflow to maintain comfortable conditions for occupants in commercial and industrial buildings. By bringing in

4、 outside air, direct-fired equipment does not increase the amount of air entering the building, rather the airflow brought in by the direct-fired equipment creates a slight positive pressurization and offsets the infiltration that would normally enter through building seams. Through this method, the

5、 amount of air entering the building and the related infiltration heat load remains the same. Ventilation-only products, often called make-up air units, replace exhaust air by conditioning outdoor air only to indoor ambient temperatures, and thus require a separate space heating system to satisfy th

6、e conduction heating load of the building. HTHV direct-fired space heating products supply outdoor air at sufficiently high temperatures to not only supply heated ventilation air, but also satisfy conduction heating loads. If deployed widely, HTHV gas heaters would significantly decrease natural gas

7、 consumption related to space heating and ventilation for high bay areas such as warehouses, loading areas, distribution centers, manufacturing facilities, etc. Depending on the exact configuration, HTHV technologies could save 20% or more in space heating energy consumption and utility costs as sho

8、wn in the recent field demonstration and the EnergyPlus energy modeling. When used to both heat and ventilate spaces, installation cost savings can be achieved by serving the functions of heating, ventilation, and destratification. Increasing the adoption of HTHV heaters will require a change in the

9、 way HVAC contractors, the ASHRAE community of engineers, utilities, and building owners and operators consider non-centralized heating equipment. Proper education on the availability and the potential lifetime energy savings of these technologies may encourage more industry professionals to evaluat

10、e HTHV gas heaters for their buildings, and determine whether the systems offer an acceptable payback based on climate, operations, building design, etc. The following actions could further support the adoption of HTHV technologies, including: for ASHRAE Community, DOE and Other Efficiency Organizat

11、ions Assess further the energy impact of 100% outdoor air, direct-fired technologies when used as combination ventilation and space heating devices for high-performance buildings. Consider modifications to existing codes, standards and guidelines to incorporate HTHV (i.e. Advanced Energy Design Guid

12、es, ASHRAE 90.1, ASHRAE 62.1, and ASHRAE 189.1) Facilitate quick energy savings calculations for HTHV technologies by developing a simple set of regional climate maps estimating energy savings impact for new construction/replace-on-burnout or early-replacement scenarios, various thermostat temperatu

13、re settings, as well as high/medium/low estimate for equipment sizing and placement relative to heating loads. Develop best practice guides for non-centralized heating strategies based on evaluations of HTHV and other high-efficiency heating products (e.g., condensing gas heaters, direct-fired heate

14、rs, and condensing infrared heaters) against different baseline equipment and building types. Incorporate discharge temperature requirements and destratification technology requirements into existing design specifications for high bay buildings. for Developers of Building Energy Modeling Tools Desig

15、n specific equipment modules for HTHV technologies as a standard option within the modeling software Improve software capabilities to more effectively model the energy impacts of building stratification and infiltration to better predict the energy savings of 100% outdoor air, direct-fired HTHV heat

16、ing technologies. for Natural gas utilities Educate commercial customers and internal teams on the life-cycle cost of HTHV heating technologies Include HTHV heating technologies in available grant, incentive, or financing programs. for Building Owners Perform a feasibility study on existing building

17、s to determine if retrofitting with HTHV technologies would provide acceptable payback. Consider upgrading new construction best practices to incorporate HTHV technologies into your designs for heating, ventilation, and destratification. REFERENCES Rosenberg, M., R. Hart, J. Zhang and R. Athalye. 20

18、14. “Roadmap for the Future of Commercial Energy Codes.” Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. 2012 International Fuel Gas Code found online at http:/ Young, J. 2014. Field Demonstration of High Efficiency Gas Heaters. Prepared for Better Buildings Alliance, Building Technologies Office, Office of

19、Energy Efficiency, and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy. Hedrick, Roger, Gard Analytics 2009 “Energy Performance Comparison of Warehouse Heating Systems.” Prepared for Cambridge Engineering, Inc. - Full report found online at https:/www.cambridge- ANSI Z83.4-2013/CSA 3.7-2013 - Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013 - Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2013 - Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings