ASME B18 18-2011 Quality Assurance for Fasteners (B18 18 - 2011)《紧固件质量保证》.pdf

1、(Revision and Consolidation of ASME B18.18.1, B18.18.2, B18.18.3M, B18.18.4M, B18.18.5M, B18.18.6M, and B18.18.7M)AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B18.18-2011Quality Assurance for FastenersASME B18.18-2011(Revision and Consolidation of ASME B18.18.1, B18.18.2, B18.18.3M,B18.18.4M, B18.18.5M, B18.18

2、.6M, and B18.18.7M)QualityAssurance forFastenersAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: April 14, 2011This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There willbe no addenda or written interpretations of the requir

3、ements of this Standard issued to this edition.Periodically certain actions of the ASME B18 Committee may be published as Cases. Cases arepublished on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http:/cstools.asme.org as they areissued.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of M

4、echanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity

5、 to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprieta

6、ry device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, n

7、or assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated wit

8、h industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by indi

9、viduals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2011 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICA

10、L ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . vCorrespondence With the B18 Committee vi1 General Information 12 Basic Plan Requirements . 13 Category 1 Optional Receiving Inspection Plan for Purchasers 34 Category2Fasteners Intended for General Purpose Applicat

11、ions 45 Category3Fasteners Intended for Specialized Applications. 46 Category 4 Automated Assembly Fasteners 5Tables1 Categories 2, 3, and 4 Attributes 62 Category 2 Sample Sizes 93 Category 3 Sample Sizes 94 Category 1 Attributes . 10Nonmandatory AppendixA Test Report Content Requirements 11iiiFORE

12、WORDThis Standard is intended to be used as part of a contractual agreement between sellers andbuyers of fasteners. It provides minimum criteria for four categories of metric and inch fastenersof any material type. It is to be used in concert with the specifications that apply to a given part.This S

13、tandard is intended to be a part within a larger quality assurance structure that addresseshighly specific elements of quality planning, material control, human resources, gaging andtesting, procedures, blueprint and standards control, and ongoing improvements that are necessaryto permit the effecti

14、ve realization of the fastener itself. Such structures shall ideally be internation-ally recognized, but can be buyer specific.This Standard also provides minimum criteria for manufacturing inspection and final inspectionand allows for the necessary measure of flexibility and ingenuity of manufactur

15、ing approachesthat suppliers may use as they comply with the standards requirements and end objectives. Itprovides reference material to enable buyers and sellers to make modifications to their plansshould they find that necessary in meeting the requirements of this Standard and those of theirbuyers

16、.In the implementation of this Standard, buyers must become cognizant of the source of supplymanufacturing quality plan and use a means of their own to ensure that it is effective and thatit is conscientiously and continuously being developed and improved. Nonconformity preventionand continuous impr

17、ovement must be an ongoing cultural element that is applied by all membersof the supply chain.Historically, the fastener industry has been served by the standards ASME B18.18.1, B18.18.2,B18.18.3M, B18.18.4M, B18.18.5M, B18.18.6M, and B18.18.7M. These very standards have beenreplaced by this documen

18、t but may still be referenced throughout the industry. The B18 StandardsCommittee and related Subcommittees are committed to replacing references to the aforemen-tioned documents with a reference to this document.This Standard was approved by the American National Standards Institute on March 5, 201

19、1.ivASME B18 COMMITTEEStandardization of Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, Screws,Washers, and Similar Fasteners(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSJ. Greenslade, ChairD. S. George, Vice ChairR. D. Strong, Vice ChairC. J. Gomez, Secr

20、etarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELV. Cartina, Autocraft IndustrialD. A. Clever, ConsultantP. Cockman, Ford Motor Co.C. A. Dugal de la Garza, TSP, Inc.D. S. George, ND IndustriesC. J. Gomez, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersJ. Greenslade, Industrial Fasteners InstituteJ. J. Grey, Contribut

21、ing Member, Fastener Consulting Services, Inc.B. Hasiuk, Contributing Member, Defense Supply CenterPhiladelphiaA. Herskovitz, ConsultantJ. Hubbard, Leland-Powell Fasteners, Inc.J. Jennings, Contributing Member, Naval Surface Warfare CenterW. H. King, Porteous Fastener Co.J. F. Koehl, Contributing Me

22、mber, Spirol International Corp.SUBCOMMITTEE 18 INSPECTION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR FASTENERSC. B. Williamson, Chair, Fastenal Co.W. H. King, Vice Chair, Porteous Fastener Co.A. L. Guzman, Secretary, The American Society of MechanicalEngineersV. Cartina, Autocraft IndustrialD. A. Clever, Contributi

23、ng Member, Deere and Co.C. A. Dugal de la Garza, TSP, Inc.D. S. George, ND IndustriesJ. Greenslade, Industrial Fasteners InstituteJ. J. Grey, Contributing Member, Fastener Consulting Services, Inc.A. Herskovitz, ConsultantJ. Hubbard, Contributing Member, Rockford Fastener, Inc.J. Jennings, Naval Sur

24、face Warfare CenterM. Keller, ConsultantW. H. Kopke, ConsultantvW. H. Kopke, ConsultantW. J. Lutkus, Emhart TeknologiesD. McCrindle, Canadian Fasteners InstituteM. D. Prasad, Contributing Member, Global M however, they shouldnot contain proprietary names or information.Requests that are not in this

25、format may be rewritten in the appropriate format by the Committeeprior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additionalinformation that might affect an interpretation is avail

26、able. Further, persons aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The B18 Standards Committee regularly holds m

27、eetings thatare open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary ofthe B18 Standards Committee.viASME B18.18-2011QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR FASTENERS1 GENERAL INFORMATION1.1 ScopeThis quality focused Standard establishes in-processand final inspection requirements fo

28、r fastener productsas well as a receiving inspection plan for fastener pur-chasers. This Standard identifies four categories, recog-nizing that fastener users have widely varyingrequirements. The four categories covered are as follows:(a) Category 1 A receiving inspection plan forpurchasers(b) Categ

29、ories 2 and 3 Utilizes documented andverifiable in-process controls structured at the produc-ers discretion(c) Category 4 Includes all of the requirements ofCategory 2 plus 100% inspection for a specific featureor featuresIn the preparation of this Standard, it was recognizedthat its function must e

30、nable it to be a part of the variousregimens in use today that attain certain quality levelsof products. This Standard was written to encompassframeworks that enable the users of this Standard topinpoint which category they wish to use in meetingtheir own objectives.1.2 ReferencesThe following is a

31、list of publications referenced in thisStandard. Unless otherwise specified, the latest editionshall apply.ASME B1.3M, Screw Thread Gaging Systems forDimensional Acceptability Inch Metric ScrewThreads (UN, UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ)ASME B18.6.3, Machine Screws, Tapping Screws, andMetallic Drive Screws (In

32、ch Series)ASME B18.12, Glossary of Terms for MechanicalFastenersPublisher: The American Society of MechanicalEngineers (ASME), Three Park Avenue, New York,NY 10016-5990; Order Department: 22 Law Drive, P.O.Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900 (www.asme.org)ASTM F 1470, Standard Practice for Fastener S

33、amplingfor Specified Mechanical Properties and PerformanceInspectionASTM F 1941, Standard Specification forElectrodeposited Coatings on Threaded FastenersUnified Inch Screw Threads (UN/UNR)Publisher: American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM International), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, WestConshohoc

34、ken, PA 19428-2959 (www.astm.org)1ISO 9001, Quality management systems RequirementsISO/IEC 17011, Conformity assessment Generalrequirements for accreditation bodies accrediting con-formity assessment bodiesISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the compe-tence of testing and calibration laboratorie

35、sISO/TS 16949, Quality management systems Particular requirements for the application of ISO9001:2000 for automotive production and relevant ser-vice part organizationsPublisher: International Organization forStandardization (ISO) Central Secretariat, 1 ch. de laVoie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211

36、 Geneva 20,Switzerland (www.iso.org)1.3 Measuring and Testing EquipmentAll inspection and testing equipment that is used forthe acceptance of Category 2, 3, and 4 fasteners shall becalibrated by a laboratory that has been accredited toISO/IEC 17025 by an accreditation body that operatesin accordance

37、 with ISO/IEC 17011. Calibration shall betraceable to the National Institute of Standards andTechnology (NIST) Standard or an equivalent nationalor international standard.1.4 TerminologyFor definitions of terminology not specifically definedin this Standard, refer to ASME B18.12.1.4.1 Lot. A lot is

38、a quantity of product of one partnumber made from a single heat of raw material by thesame production process and subsequently submittedfor final inspection at one time. In the case of fastenerassemblies, such as screw and washer assemblies, themanufacturer shall maintain lot traceability for allcom

39、ponents.1.5 Designation of Final Inspection CategoryProcurement documents should indicate which cate-gory (2, 3, or 4) of final inspection is required. Examplesof designation are provided under the appropriateinspection category sections of this document.2 BASIC PLAN REQUIREMENTS2.1 Understanding th

40、e Basic RequirementsThe following information applies to all fasteners pro-duced to any applicable category contained within thisdocument.ASME B18.18-2011This Standard places a Cp0 expectation on the sampleplans shown herein. However it should be recognizedthat zero nonconformities (Cp0) in a sampli

41、ng does notnecessarily mean that the population is entirely free ofdefects.Statistical process control and other variation low-ering measures can significantly reduce the number ofdefects in the population that may be produced, but itshould be noted that statistical indices only imply thequality lev

42、el produced, and improperly applied statisti-cal treatments will imply the presence of defects thatare not present, or miss some deficiencies altogether.The closest that one can approach zero defects in apopulation is through 100% part per part examination,but again caution must be exercised. The go

43、al of zerohere can be intractable. The complexity of resourcesrequired, the limitations of the available equipment foreach verified characteristic, the stringency of controlsrequired will only be able to demonstrate quality on aparts per million (PPM) basis, and not necessarily anyassurance of zero

44、deficiencies.2.2 In-Process Inspection2.2.1 Fabricating Operations. General inspectionprocedures shall be established on the basis of engi-neering and manufacturing experience with regard tothe effort of setup, tooling, operator, machine setup,and operation on each characteristic at each processings

45、tation. The minimum in-process requirements at eachmachine or processing station shall be as follows:(a) Five pieces shall be visually examined for grossdefects and surface discontinuities as required by theapplicable standards. Three pieces shall be verified forpart characteristics imparted to it b

46、y that machine orprocessing station in accordance with Table 1 at thefollowing times:(1) at the start of each production run(2) at the start of each new shift(3) when a tool is changed or when an adjustmentin machine setup is made(4) at the completion of each manufacturingoperationNOTE: When tungste

47、n carbide dies are used, it is only necessaryto verify a single piece for formed dimensions.(b) During the production run, on a frequency of notless than one part per every 2 hr, parts shall be inspectedfor all designated part characteristics imparted to it bythat machine or processing station in ac

48、cordance withTable 1.2.2.2 Heat Treatment. All heat treating processesand heat treatment equipment shall be regularly moni-tored to ensure process control and proper functioningof equipment.22.2.3 Finishing Operations. All plating, coating, andpost lubrication processes and equipment shall be regu-l

49、arly monitored to ensure process control and properfunctioning of equipment per applicable standards andspecifications.NOTE: Records of in-process inspections are not required for anycategory. If process records are maintained for Category 3 products,the lower final inspection sample sizes shown in Table 2 may beused instead of the sample sizes indicated in Table 3.2.3 Final InspectionEvery lot of fasteners shall be subjected to a finalinspection in accordance with the specified final inspec-tion category. The final inspection is intended to verifylot identificati