ASME B30 19-2011 Cableways (B30 19 - 2011)《索道》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B30.19-2011(Revision of ASME B30.19-2005)CablewaysSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.19-2011(Revision of ASME B30.19-2005)CablewaysSafety Standard for Cableways,Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks,and SlingsA

2、N AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: March 31, 2011The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2016. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance. There will be no addenda issued to this edition.ASME issue

3、s written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of theStandard.ASME is the regi

4、stered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent an

5、d concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailableforpublicreviewandcommentthatprovidesanopportunityforadditionalpublicinputfromindustry,academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any

6、item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any

7、 applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s)

8、 or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuanc

9、e of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2011 byTHE A

10、MERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommitteeRoster . vB30StandardIntroduction . viiSummaryofChanges xChapter 19-0 Scope, Definitions, and References 1Section19-0.1 ScopeofB30.19 . 1Section19-0.2 Definitions 1Section19-0.3 References 3Chapter

11、 19-1 Construction and Characteristics 10Section19-1.1 LoadRatings . 10Section19-1.2 DesignandManufacture 10Section19-1.3 ConstructionandErection . 10Chapter 19-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 16Section19-2.1 Inspection 16Section19-2.2 Testing . 17Section19-2.3 Maintenance 17Section19-2.4 Rop

12、eInspection,Replacement,andMaintenance . 18Chapter 19-3 Operation 20Section19-3.1 OperatorQualificationsandOperatingPractice 20Section19-3.2 OperatingPractices . 20Section19-3.3 Signals . 22Section19-3.4 Miscellaneous . 22Figures19-0.2.1-1 FixedCableway . 419-0.2.1-2 LuffingCableway . 519-0.2.1-3 Pa

13、rallelCableway . 619-0.2.1-4 RadialCableway 719-0.2.2-1 Two-DrumCablewayHoist 819-0.2.2-2 TrolleyHoistUnit . 819-0.2.2-3 MultisheaveEndlessRopeTrolleyHoistUnit 819-0.2.2-4 LuffingHoistUnit 919-1.3.12-1 StandardHandSignalsforControllingCablewayOperations . 1519-3.4.4-1 DangerZoneforCablewaysandLifted

14、LoadsOperatingNearElectricalTransmissionLines . 23Table19-3.4.4-1 RequiredClearanceforNormalVoltageinOperationNearHighVoltagePowerLines 24iiiFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks,Jacks,andSlings,hasbeendevelopedundertheproceduresaccred

15、itedbytheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI)(formerlytheUnitedStatesofAmericaStandardsInstitute).ThisStandardhaditsbeginninginDecember1916whenaneight-pageCodeofSafetyStandardsfor Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, waspresentedattheannualmeetingofASME.

16、Meetingsanddiscussionsregardingsafetyoncranes,derricks,andhoistswereheldfrom1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteelElectricalEngineers,theAmericanMuseumofSafety,theAmericanEngineeringStandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards A

17、ssociation and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute), Department of LaborState of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustryState of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune11,1925,theAmericanEngineeringStandardsCommitteeapprovedtheASMESafetyCodeCorrelatingComm

18、itteesrecommendationandauthorizedtheprojectwiththeU.S.DepartmentoftheNavy,BureauofYardsandDocks,andASMEassponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectionalCommittee.ThecallfororganizationofthisSectionalCommitteewassentoutOctober2,1926,andthec

19、ommitteeorganizedNovember4,1926,with57membersrepresenting29 national organizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943,wascreatedfromtheeight-pagedocumentreferredtointhefirstparagraph.Thisdocumentwasreaffirmedin1952andwidelyacceptedasasafetystandard.Duetochangesindesign

20、,advancementintechniques,andgeneralinterestoflaborandindustryinsafety,theSectionalCommittee,underthejointsponsorshipofASMEandtheNavalFacilitiesEngineeringCommand,U.S.DepartmentoftheNavy,wasreorganizedasanAmericanNationalStandardsCommitteeonJanuary31,1962,with39membersrepresenting27nationalorganizati

21、ons.Theformatofthepreviouscodewaschangedsothatseparatestandards(eachcompleteastoconstructionandinstallation;inspection,testing,andmaintenance;andoperation)wouldcoverthedifferenttypesofequipmentincludedinthescopeofB30.In1982,theCommitteewasreorganizedasanAccreditedOrganizationCommittee,operatingunder

22、proceduresdevelopedbyASMEandaccreditedbyANSI.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentandotherregulatorybodiesandmunicipalauthoritiesresponsiblefortheguardingandinspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident pr

23、evention aregivenbothasmandatoryandadvisoryprovisions;compliancewithbothtypesmayberequiredbyemployersoftheiremployees.Incaseofpracticaldifficulties,newdevelopments,orunnecessaryhardship,theadministrativeor regulatoryauthority maygrant variancesfrom theliteral requirementsor permitthe useofother devi

24、ces or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotectionistherebysecured.TosecureuniformapplicationandinterpretationofthisStandard,administrativeorregulatoryauthoritiesareurgedtoconsulttheB30Committee,inaccordancewiththeformatdescribedinSectionIX,beforerenderingdeci

25、sionsondisputedpoints.Safetycodesandstandardsareintendedtoenhancepublicsafety.Revisionsresultfromcommit-teeconsiderationoffactorssuchastechnologicaladvances,newdata,andchangingenvironmentalandindustryneeds.Revisionsdonotimplythatpreviouseditionswereinadequate.ThisVolumeoftheStandard,whichwasapproved

26、bytheB30CommitteeandbyASME,wasapprovedbyANSIanddesignatedasanAmericanNationalStandardonJanuary13,2011.ivASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS

27、COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, Thyssen Krup Steel USA, LLCW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, QinetiQ North AmericaR. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupR. J. Bolen, ConsultantA.

28、D. Brown, Poms and AssociatesM. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.T. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti desig

29、nfactor,rope;andtrolleyrevised(2)Definitionofminimumbreakingforceadded3 Section19-0.3 Referencesrevised10 19-1.1.1 Revised13 19-1.3.12 Subparagraph(e)added14 19-1.3.14 Subparagraph(a)revised16 Section19-2.1 Revised17 19-2.2.1 Subparagraph(a)revised17 19-2.2.2 Subparagraph(a)(1)revised17 19-2.3.1 Rev

30、ised17 19-2.3.2 Revised18 19-2.4.2 Revised18 19-2.4.3 Revised23 19-3.4.8 Addedx(11)ASME B30.19-2011CABLEWAYSChapter 19-0Scope, Definitions, and ReferencesSECTION 19-0.1: SCOPE OF B30.19Within thegeneral scopedefined inSection I oftheIntroduction,thescopeofB30.19appliestoallloadtrans-porting,hoisting

31、,andloweringcable-supportedsys-tems operating on and supported from track cable(s).ThisStandarddoesnotapplytoskylinesystems,asusedin the logging industry, or slackline systems used forexcavating.SECTION 19-0.2: DEFINITIONS19-0.2.1 Types of Cablewaysfixedcableway:acablewayconsistingoffixed(nonluffing

32、)towers(masts)thatsupportthetrackcable(s).Thelowerandupperloadblocksaresupportedbyacarriagepow-eredbyinhaulandouthaulropestotravelonthetrackcable(s).Thefunctionistolift,lower,andtransportloadsadistancebetweenthetowers(seeFig.19-0.2.1-1).luffingcableway:acablewaysimilartoafixedcablewayexcept the towe

33、rs (masts) are not fixed. By the use ofpoweredluffingguys,thetowers(masts)canbeleanedineitherdirectiontransversetothetrackcable(s)span,providing a lateral movement of the load block(seeFig.19-0.2.1-2).parallelcableway:acablewaysimilartoafixedcablewayexceptthetowersaresupportedbywheelsthatarepow-ered

34、 for lateral movement on parallel tracks(seeFig.19-0.2.1-3).radialcableway:acablewaythathasafixed(nonluffing)tower and a tower supported by wheels powered fortravel on a track that follows an arc at a radius aboutthefixedtower(seeFig.19-0.2.1-4).19-0.2.2 Generalaccessory: a secondary part or assembl

35、y of parts thatcontributestotheoverallfunctionandusefulnessofthemachine.administrativeorregulatoryauthority:governmentalagency,ortheemployerintheabsenceofgovernmentaljurisdiction.1appointed:assignedspecificresponsibilitiesbytheemployerortheemployersrepresentative.authorized:approvedbyadulyconstitute

36、dadministra-tiveorregulatoryauthority.brake: a device, other than a motor, used for retardingorstoppingmotionbymeansoffrictionorpower.button line: a rope suspended between the top of thecablewaytowerstopositiontheslackcarriersatprede-termined locationsas the trolleymoves longitudinallyalongthetrackc

37、able.Thebuttonlineisnormallyaboveand clear of the track cables. The buttons attached tothe button line are of varying sizes to permit some oftheslackcarrierstopassbywhilestoppingthecarrierdesignatedforthatlocation.cab: a housing provided for the operator in which thecablewaycontrolsarecontained.cabl

38、eway:adeviceusedforhoisting,lowering,andtrans-porting loads within a prescribed path, longitudinallyandlaterally.Theloadblock(upper)travelsonaropecatenary system having span ends that are supportedon fixed or movable towers (masts) or other elevatedsupports.carriage(trolley):aframeworkthattravelsbyi

39、tssheaves(wheels)onthetrackcable(s).Itispulledalongthetrackcablebytheinhaul-outhaulropeandincludestheupperloadblock(seeFig.19-0.2.1-1).designated:apersonselectedorassignedbytheemployerortheemployersrepresentativeasbeingcompetenttoperformspecificduties.designer(original):thequalifiedpersonorpersonsde

40、sig-nated to design the components of a cableway for agiven set of circumstances relating to, but not limitedto, capacity, span, height, and terrain (also, seemanufacturer).designer(otherthanoriginal):thequalifiedpersonorper-sons designated to modify the design or arrangementofanexistingcablewaytoan

41、ewsetofcircumstances.designfactor,rope:theratioofminimumbreakingforcetoworkingload.ASME B30.19-2011drift:theactofpullingorpushingthelowerloadblockorloadhorizontallybymeansofanexternalforce.drum: the cylindrical member around which a rope iswoundandthroughwhichpoweristransmittedtotheropes.gypsyspool(

42、winchhead):arotatingcylindricaldrumwithcurved end flanges used for load handling by meansoffiberropecoiledaboutitsbarrelwithhandtensionappliedtothenonloadedend.head tower (mast): a vertical support structure, guyedor counterweighted for stability, whose purpose is tosupportthetrackcableandoperatingr

43、opes.Theheadtoweristhetowerlocatedclosesttotheloadhoistandinhaul-outhaulhoist.inhaul-outhaul(rope):theropesystemthatpullsthetrol-ley and load toward the head tower (inhaul), or pullsthetrolleyandloadawayfromtheheadtower(outhaul).inhaul-outhaulhoist(trolleyhoist):ahoisthavingtwodrums, one of which wi

44、nds on rope while the otherdrumsimultaneously unwindsrope; ora singledrumhoistfromwhichtheropewindsononeendwhiletherope unwinds from the other drum end (seeFigs. 19-0.2.2-1, 19-0.2.2-2, and 19-0.2.2-3). The hoist ispoweredbyaprimemover.lazyguy:fixedlengthmember(s)ofropethatpreventsluffing the tower(

45、s) (mast) beyond the distance estab-lishedbytheluffinghoist(asafetydevice).load,maximumdesign:theforcesinaparticularcompo-nentofthecablewayresultingfromtheloadingcondi-tionthatcausesthehigheststressinthatcomponent.load,working:theexternalloadappliedtothecablewaylowerloadblock,includingtheweightofloa

46、d-attachingequipmentsuchasshackles,slings,etc.loadblock,lower:theassemblyofhookorshackle,swivel,sheaves,pins,andframesuspendedbythehoistingrope.loadblock,upper:theassemblyofsheaves,pins,andframefromwhichthehoistingropesuspendsthelowerloadblock.Theblockmaybeanintegralpartofthetrolleyorsuspendedfromth

47、etrolley.load hoist:a hoistdrum andrope reeving systemusedforhoistingandloweringloads.loadratings:workingloadratinginpounds(kilograms)ortonsestablishedbythedesigner.luffing: the tilting of the cableway towers to achievemovementoftheloadblocktransversetothecenterlineofthecableway.luffing hoist: the h

48、oist drum and rope reeving systemused for luffing a cableway tower (mast) (seeFig.19-0.2.2-4).manufacturer:afirmthatproducesfabricatedorassem-bled segments of the cableway. The segments include,2butarenotlimitedto,towers,ropes,trackcable,trolley,hoists,andloadblocks.messengerline:anauxiliaryropesusp

49、endedbetweenthetowersofthecablewaytointermittentlysupportelectricpowercablesorothercables.Themessengerlineisnor-mallyattheverytopofthetowers,aboveandclearofthebuttonline.minimum breaking force: the minimum load at which anewandunusedwireropewillbreakwhenloadedtodestructionindirecttension.operating ropes: wire ropes attached to a hoist for thepurposeofpullingorlifting.overhaul: the action of pulling on a rope or set of fallsto remove slack and unwind the rope from the hoistdrum.pitch diameter: the diameter of a sheave or rope drummeasuredatthecenterlineoftherope.qualifiedperson:aper