ASME B30 20-2003 Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices (B30 20 - 2003)《下吊钩提升装置》.pdf

1、ASME B30.20-2003(Revision of ASME B30.20-1999)BELOW-THE-HOOKLIFTING DEVICESAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDBELOW-THE-HOOKLIFT

2、ING DEVICESASME B30.20-2003(Revision of ASME B30.20-1999)SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABLEWAYS, CRANES, DERRICKS, HOISTS, HOOKS, JACKS, AND SLINGSCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-Date of Issua

3、nce: November 19, 2003The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2006. There will be no addendaissued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site un

4、der the Committee Pages at http:/www.asme.org/codes/ as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of theStandard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the c

5、riteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that

6、provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent ri

7、ghts asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of

8、 the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASM

9、E accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or o

10、therwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2003 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under lic

11、ense with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viIntroduction . viiiSummary of Changes xiChapter 20-0 Scope, Definitions, and ReferencesSection 20-0.1 Scope of ASME B30.20 1Section 20-0.2 Definitions General 1Sectio

12、n 20-0.3 Definitions for Chapter 20-1 1Section 20-0.4 Definitions for Chapter 20-2 6Section 20-0.5 Definitions for Chapter 20-3 6Section 20-0.6 Definitions for Chapter 20-4 8Section 20-0.7 Definitions for Chapter 20-5 8Section 20-0.8 References to Other Codes and Standards . 8Chapter 20-1 Structural

13、 and Mechanical Lifting DevicesSection 20-1.1 Scope 12Section 20-1.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . 12Section 20-1.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 13Section 20-1.4 Operation 15Section 20-1.5 Instruction Manuals 16Chapter 20-2 Vacuum Lifting DevicesSection 20-2.1 Scope 17Section 20-

14、2.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . 17Section 20-2.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 18Section 20-2.4 Operation 21Section 20-2.5 Instruction Manuals 22Chapter 20-3 Close Proximity Operated Lifting MagnetsSection 20-3.1 Scope 23Section 20-3.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . 2

15、3Section 20-3.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 24Section 20-3.4 Operation 26Section 20-3.5 Instruction Manuals 28Chapter 20-4 Remotely Operated Lifting MagnetsSection 20-4.1 Scope 29Section 20-4.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . 29Section 20-4.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 3

16、0Section 20-4.4 Operation 31Section 20-4.5 Instruction Manuals 32Chapter 20-5 Scrap and Material Handling GrapplesSection 20-5.1 Scope 33Section 20-5.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . 33Section 20-5.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 33Section 20-5.4 Operation 35Section 20-5.5 Instruct

17、ion Manuals 36Figures1 Pressure Gripping Lifters: Friction-Type Lifters 22 Grip Ratio 3iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-3 Pressure Gripping Lifters: Indentation-Type Lifters 34 Mani

18、pulating Lifters 45 Load Supporting Lifters 56 Vacuum Lifters . 77 Magnetic Lifters 98 Scrap and Material-Handling Grapples 10Table1 Minimum Inspection for Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices 14ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networki

19、ng permitted without license from IHS-,-FOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (formerly the United States of America Sta

20、ndards Institute). ThisStandard had its beginning in December 1916, when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards forCranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presentedto the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derric

21、ks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the

22、USAStandards Institute), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendatio

23、n and authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October2

24、, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 nationalorganizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, was createdfrom the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This document was reaffirmedin 1952 and widely ac

25、cepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American

26、NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organiza-tions.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate standards (each complete as toconstruction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) would coverthe diffe

27、rent types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by the ASME and accredited by the American National StandardsInstitute.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may s

28、erve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may b

29、e requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that a

30、n equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section III, before rendering decisions on disputed points

31、.This volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, wasapproved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on June 5, 2003.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as t

32、echnological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.v(03)Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-ASME

33、B30 STANDARDS COMMITTEESafety Standards for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairB. D. Closson, Vice ChairJ. D. Wendler, SecretarySTANDARDS CO

34、MMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, Sverdrup Technology, Inc.W. T. Hargrove, Alternate, Mantech International Corp.R. E. Bluff, Mingus Constructors, Inc.R. J. Bolen, E.I. DupontA. D. Brown, Kenney Construction Co.P. L. Rossi, Alternate, U.S. Department of Labor, OSHAS. C. Buck, International Union of Ope

35、rating EngineersL. D. Demark, Alternate, International Union of Operating EngineersT. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, NACB Technical ServicesT. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John

36、P. Colletti the loads; the acceleration or speed of the ropes,chains, sheaves, sprockets, or drums; the type of attach-ments; the number, size, and arrangement of sheaves orother parts; environmental conditions causing corrosionor wear; and many variables that must be consideredin each individual ca

37、se. The rules given in the Standardmust be interpreted accordingly, and judgment must beused in determining their application.The Standards Committee will be glad to receive criti-cisms of this Standards requirements and suggestions1B30.24, B30.26, B30.27, and B30.28 are in the developmentalstage.Co

38、pyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-for its improvement, especially those based on actualexperience in application of the rules.Suggestions for changes to the Standard should besubmitted to

39、 the Secretary of the B30 Committee, ASME,Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990, andshould be in accordance with the following format:(a) Cite the specific paragraph designation of the per-tinent volume.(b) Indicate the suggested change (addition, deletion,revision, etc.).(c) Briefly state the

40、reason and/or evidence for thesuggested change.(d) Submit suggested changes to more than one para-graph in the order that the paragraphs appear in thevolume.The B30 Committee will consider each suggestedchange in a timely manner in accordance with its proce-dures.SECTION I: SCOPE OF B30 SERIESThis S

41、tandard applies to the construction, installation,operation, inspection, and maintenance of jacks; power-operated cranes, monorails, and crane runways; power-operated and manually operated derricks and hoists;lifting devices, hooks, and slings; and cableways.This Standard does not apply to track and

42、 automotivejacks, railway or automobile wrecking cranes, shipboardcranes, shipboard cargo-handling equipment, well-drilling derricks, skip hoists, mine hoists, truck bodyhoists, car or barge pullers, conveyors, excavating equip-ment, or equipment falling within the scope of the fol-lowing Committees

43、: A10, A17, A90, A92, A120, B20, B56,and B77.SECTION II: PURPOSEThis Standard is designed to(a) guard against and minimize injury to workers,and otherwise provide for the protection of life, limb,and property by prescribing safety requirements(b) provide direction to owners, employers, supervi-sors,

44、 and others concerned with, or responsible for, itsapplication(c) guide governments and other regulatory bodiesin the development, promulgation, and enforcement ofappropriate safety directivesSECTION III: INTERPRETATIONSUpon request, the B30 Committee will render an inter-pretation of any requiremen

45、t of the Standard.Interpretations can only be rendered in response to awritten request sent to the Secretary of the B30 Commit-tee, ASME, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.ixThe request for interpretation should be clear andunambiguous. It is further recommended that theinquirer submit his

46、request utilizing the followingformat.Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s)and provide a concise description.Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the pertinentvolume for which the interpretation is beingrequested.Question: Phrase the question as a request for an inter-pretation of a sp

47、ecific requirement suitablefor general understanding and use, not asa request for approval of a proprietarydesign or situation. The inquirer may alsoinclude any plans or drawings that are nec-essary to explain the question; however,they should not contain any proprietarynames or information.Requests

48、 that are not in this format will be rewrittenin this format by the Committee prior to being answered,which could change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of anyinterpretation when or if additional information thatmight affect an interpretation is availab

49、le. Further, per-sons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to thecognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASMEdoes not “approve,”“certify,”“rate,” or “endorse” anyitem, construction, proprietary device, or activity.SECTION IV: NEW AND EXISTING INSTALLATIONS(a) Effective Date. The effective date of this volume forthe purpose of defining new and existing installationsshall be 1 year after its date of issuance.(b) New Ins