ASME B30 20-2010 Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices (B30 20 - 2010)《下吊钩提升装置》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDBelow-the-Hook Lifting DevicesASME B30.20-2010(Revision of ASME B30.20-2006)Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USACopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not f

2、or ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30.20-2010(Revision of ASME B30.20-2006)

3、Below-the-HookLifting DevicesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes,Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, andSlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USACopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted

4、without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: July 9, 2010The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2013. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance. There will be no addenda issued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning

5、 interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of theStandard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society

6、of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportu

7、nity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, propr

8、ietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters paten

9、t, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated

10、with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by i

11、ndividuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2010 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHAN

12、ICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viB30 Standard Introduction . viiiSummary of Changes xiChapte

13、r 20-0 Scope, Definitions, and ReferencesSection 20-0.1 Scope of ASME B30.20 1Section 20-0.2 Definitions General 1Section 20-0.3 Definitions for Chapter 20-1 1Section 20-0.4 Definitions for Chapter 20-2 2Section 20-0.5 Definitions for Chapter 20-3 8Section 20-0.6 Definitions for Chapter 20-4 8Sectio

14、n 20-0.7 Definitions for Chapter 20-5 10Section 20-0.8 References to Other Codes and Standards . 10Chapter 20-1 Structural and Mechanical Lifting DevicesSection 20-1.1 Scope 12Section 20-1.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . 12Section 20-1.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 13Section 20-

15、1.4 Operation 15Section 20-1.5 Instruction Manuals 16Chapter 20-2 Vacuum Lifting DevicesSection 20-2.1 Scope 17Section 20-2.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . 17Section 20-2.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 18Section 20-2.4 Operation 20Section 20-2.5 Instruction Manuals 22Chapter 20-3

16、 Close Proximity Operated Lifting MagnetsSection 20-3.1 Scope 23Section 20-3.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . 23Section 20-3.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 25Section 20-3.4 Operation 27Section 20-3.5 Instruction Manuals 28Chapter 20-4 Remotely Operated Lifting MagnetsSection 20-4.

17、1 Scope 30Section 20-4.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . 30Section 20-4.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 31Section 20-4.4 Operation 32Section 20-4.5 Instruction Manuals 33Chapter 20-5 Scrap and Material Handling GrapplesSection 20-5.1 Scope 35Section 20-5.2 Marking, Construction, and

18、 Installation . 35Section 20-5.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 35Section 20-5.4 Operation 37Section 20-5.5 Instruction Manuals 38Figures20-0.3-1 Pressure-Gripping Lifters: Friction-Type Lifters 320-0.3-2 Grip Ratio 4iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not f

19、or ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-20-0.3-3 Pressure-Gripping Lifters: Indentation-Type Lifters 420-0.3-4 Manipulating Lifters 520-0.3-5 Load-Supporting Lifters 620-0.4-1 Vacuum Lifters . 720-0.5-1 Magnetic Lifters 920-0.7-1 Scrap and Material-Handling Grap

20、ples 11Table20-1.3.4-1 Minimum Inspection for Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices 14ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cablew

21、ays, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI) (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute).This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety

22、 Standardsfor Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, waspresented to the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving: the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the

23、 Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry St

24、ate of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project, with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and AS

25、ME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent outOctober 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing29 national organ

26、izations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943,was created from the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This document wasreaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general intere

27、st of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 nationalorganizati

28、ons.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate standards (each complete as toconstruction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) will cover thedifferent types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accr

29、edited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by the ASME and accredited by ANSI.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equip

30、ment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrative

31、or regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or r

32、egulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX of the B30 Standard Introduction, before renderingdecisions on disputed points.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee conside

33、ration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.In this Volume of the Standard, maintenance has been made mandatory, definitions have beenrevised, and other changes have been made

34、to improve clarity. This edition was approved by theB30 Committee and ANSI and was designated as an American National Standard on May 13, 2010.vCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME

35、 B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSO

36、NNELN. E. Andrew, Thyssen Krupp Steel USA, LLCW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, QINETIQ North AmericaR. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupR. J. Bolen, Consultant, E. I. DuPontG. B. Hetherston, Alternate, E. I. DuPontA. D. Brown, Poms and AssociatesM. E. Brunet, The Manit

37、owoc Co.T. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti ASME Order Department: 22 LawDrive, Box 2300, Fairfield,

38、NJ 07007-2300(www.asme.org)(10)Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30.20-2010Fig. 20-0.7-1 Scrap and Material-Handling Grapples(e) Car Body Grapple(c) Three-in-One Grapple(d) Mag

39、net Grapple(a) Four-Tine Orange Peel Grapple(b) Electrohydraulic Grapple11Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(10)ASME B30.20-2010Chapter 20-1Structural and Mechanical Lifting DevicesS

40、ECTION 20-1.1: SCOPEChapter 20-1 applies to the classification, marking,construction, installation, inspection, testing, mainte-nance, and operation of structural and mechanical liftingdevices. Within Chapter 20-1, the structural and mechan-ical lifters/lifting devices are categorized as supportingl

41、ifters, indentation-type pressure-gripping lifters, andfriction-type pressure-gripping lifters.SECTION 20-1.2: MARKING, CONSTRUCTION, ANDINSTALLATION20-1.2.1 Marking(a) Rated Load. The rated load of the lifting deviceshall be legibly marked on its main structure or on atag attached to its main struc

42、ture where it is visible. Ifthe lifting device is made up of several lifters, eachdetachable from the group, these lifters shall also bemarked with their individual rated loads.(b) Identification. All new structural and mechanicallifting devices shall be marked with, but not limited to,the following

43、 information:(1) manufacturers name and address(2) serial number(3) lifter weight, if over 100 lb (45 kg)(4) cold current (amps) (when applicable)(5) rated voltage (when applicable)(6) rated load as described in para. 20-1.2.1(a)(7) ASME BTH-1 Design Category(8) ASME BTH-1 Service Class(c) Repaired

44、or Altered Lifters. All repaired or alteredstructural and mechanical lifters shall be provided withidentification displaying, but not limited to, the follow-ing information:(1) name and address of the repairer or alterer(2) repairers or alterers unit identification(3) lifter weight (if altered)(4) c

45、old current (amps) (if altered)(5) rated voltage (if altered)(6) rated load (if altered) as described inpara. 20-1.2.1(a)(7) ASME BTH-1 Design Category (if altered)(8) ASME BTH-1 Service Class (if altered)(d) Product Safety Labels(1) Where size and shape of the lifter allow, alllifters shall have la

46、bels, affixed to them in a readableposition, that include the appropriate signal word,12according to ANSI Z535.4-1998 (4.13), to bring the labelto the attention of the operator. The label should includecautionary language to provide danger, warning, or cau-tion notice to operators and others against

47、(a) exceeding the rated load, or lifting loads notspecified in the instruction manual(b) operating a damaged or malfunctioning unit,or a unit with missing parts(c) lifting people(d) lifting suspended loads over people(e) leaving suspended loads unattended(f) removing or obscuring warning labels(g) o

48、perating without having read and under-stood the operating manual(h) not staying clear of the suspended load(i) lifting loads higher than necessary(j) making alterations to lifter(2) Where size or shape of the lifter prohibits theinclusion of all or any such markings, a label shall beaffixed, referr

49、ing user to consult manufacturers instruc-tion manual for product safety information.20-1.2.2 ConstructionThe manufacturer shall verify that structural andmechanical lifting devices are designed by or under thedirect supervision of a qualified person. The design shallbe in accordance with ASME BTH-1 and shall co