ASME B30 20-2013 Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices (Includes Interpretations October 2010 Through May 2012)《下吊钩提升装置》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B30.20-2013(Revision of ASME B30.20-2010)Below-the-Hook Lifting DevicesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoist, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.20-2013(Revision of ASME B30.20-2010)Below-the-HookLifting DevicesSafety Standard for Cableways,Cranes, D

2、erricks, Hoists, Hooks,Jacks, and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: January 15, 2014The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2016. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues writte

3、n replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition ofthe Standard.Errata to codes and sta

4、ndards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/.

5、 There is an option available toautomatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The Ame

6、rican Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have

7、had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, const

8、ruction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable

9、 letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(

10、s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interp

11、retations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2014 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIE

12、TY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viiB30 Standard Introduction . ixSummary of Changes xiiChapter 20-0 Scope, Definitions, Personnel Competence, Translations and ReferencesSection 20-0.1 Scope of ASME B30.20 1Section 20-0.2 Definitions

13、General 1Section 20-0.3 Definitions for Chapter 20-1 1Section 20-0.4 Definitions for Chapter 20-2 3Section 20-0.5 Definitions for Chapter 20-3 7Section 20-0.6 Definitions for Chapter 20-4 10Section 20-0.7 Definitions for Chapter 20-5 10Section 20-0.8 Personnel Competence 12Section 20-0.9 Translation

14、s 12Section 20-0.10 References to Other Codes and Standards . 12Chapter 20-1 Structural and Mechanical Lifting DevicesSection 20-1.1 Scope 13Section 20-1.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . 13Section 20-1.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 14Section 20-1.4 Operation 17Section 20-1.5 Inst

15、ruction Manuals 19Chapter 20-2 Vacuum Lifting DevicesSection 20-2.1 Scope 20Section 20-2.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . 20Section 20-2.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 21Section 20-2.4 Operation 24Section 20-2.5 Instruction Manuals 26Chapter 20-3 Close Proximity Operated Lifting M

16、agnetsSection 20-3.1 Scope 27Section 20-3.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . 27Section 20-3.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 29Section 20-3.4 Operation 31Section 20-3.5 Instruction Manuals 33Chapter 20-4 Remotely Operated Lifting MagnetsSection 20-4.1 Scope 35Section 20-4.2 Marking, C

17、onstruction, and Installation . 35Section 20-4.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 36Section 20-4.4 Operation 37Section 20-4.5 Instruction Manuals 39Chapter 20-5 Scrap and Material-Handling GrapplesSection 20-5.1 Scope 41Section 20-5.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . 41Section 20-5.3 In

18、spection, Testing, and Maintenance 41Section 20-5.4 Operation 43Section 20-5.5 Instruction Manuals 45iiiFigures20-0.3-1 Pressure-Gripping Lifters: Friction-Type Lifters 220-0.3-2 Grip Ratio 320-0.3-3 Pressure-Gripping Lifters: Indentation-Type Lifters 420-0.3-4 Manipulating Lifters 520-0.3-5 Load-Su

19、pporting Lifters 620-0.4-1 Vacuum Lifters . 820-0.5-1 Magnetic Lifters 920-0.7-1 Scrap and Material-Handling Grapples 11Table20-1.3.3-1 Minimum Inspection for Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices 15ivFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Ja

20、cks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI). This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 whenan eight-page Code of Safety Standards for Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on theProtection of Industrial Workers, was pr

21、esented at the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Eng

22、ineering StandardsCommittee (AESC) (later changed to American Standards Association (ASA), then to the UnitedStates of America Standards Institute (USASI), and finally to ANSI), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor and Industry State of Pennsylvania, and theLocomotive Crane M

23、anufacturers Association. On June 11, 1925, AESC approved the ASMESafety Code Correlating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with theU.S. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint re

24、presentatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent outOctober 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing29 national organizations. Commencing June 1, 1927, and using the eight-page code publishedby ASME in 19

25、16 as a basis, the Sectional Committee developed the Safety Code for Cranes,Derricks, and Hoists. The early drafts of this safety code included requirements for Jacks, but,due to inputs and comments on those drafts, the Sectional Committee decided in 1938 to makethe requirements for Jacks a separate

26、 code. In January 1943, ASA B30.2-1943 was publishedaddressing a multitude of equipment types and in August 1943, ASA B30.1-1943 was publishedjust addressing Jacks. Both documents were reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as safetystandards.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and

27、general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Bureau of Yardsand Docks (now the Naval Facilities Engineering Command) was reorganized on January 31, 1962,with 39 members representing 27 national organizations. The new committee

28、changed the formatof ASA B30.2-1943 so that the multitude of equipment types it addressed could be published inseparate volumes that could completely cover the construction, installation, inspection, testing,maintenance, and operation of each type of equipment that was included in the scope of ASA B

29、30.2.This format change resulted in the initial publication of B30.3, B30.5, B30.6, B30.11 and B30.16being designated as Revisions of B30.2 with the remainder of the B30 volumes being publishedas totally new volumes. ASA changed its name to USASI in 1966 and to ANSI in 1969, whichresulted in B30 vol

30、umes from 1943 to 1968 being designated as either ASA B30, USAS B30, orANSI B30, depending on their date of publication.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI. This Standard presents a coordi-

31、nated set of rules that may serve as a guide to government and other regulatory bodies andmunicipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspection of the equipment falling withinits scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention are given both as mandatory andadvisory provisions; com

32、pliance with both types may be required by employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only whe

33、n it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX of the Introducti

34、on, before rendering decisions on disputedpoints.vSafety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous ed

35、itions were inadequate.B30.20, Below the Hook Lifting Devices was first published in 1985, new editions were publishedin 1993, 1999, 2003, and 2006. In the 2010 edition, maintenance was made mandatory, definitionswere revised and other changes were made to improve clarity. This 2013 revision adds re

36、quirementsfor personnel competence, operating controls marking and inspection, translation of non-Englishdocumentation into English and updates to the definition of Duty Cycle to align with revisionsmade to BTH-1. In addition, responsibilities for Owners and Operators are defined for each pieceof eq

37、uipment.This Volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, wasapproved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on August 27, 2013.viASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the r

38、oster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSL. D. Means, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp Steel USA, LLCC. M Robison, Alternate, UT Battelle / Oak Ridge NationalLaboratoryT. L.

39、Blanton, NACB Group, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby Group, Inc.C. E. Lucas, Alternate, The Crosby Group, Inc.R. J. Bolen, ConsultantC. E. Cotton, Alternate, Navy Crane CenterM. E. Brunet, Manitowoc Cranes/The Manitowoc Crane GroupA. L. Calta, Alternate, Manitowoc Crane GroupT. A. Christensen, Libert

40、y Mutual GroupM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. Closson, Craft Forensic ServiceB. A. Pickett, Alternate, Forensic Engineering ASME Order Department:22 Law Drive, Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900(www.asme.org)(13)(13)ASME B30.20-2013Chapter 20-1Structural and Mechanical Lifting Devices

41、SECTION 20-1.1: SCOPEChapter 20-1 applies to the classification, marking,construction, installation, inspection, testing, mainte-nance, and operation of structural and mechanical liftingdevices. Within Chapter 20-1, the structural and mechan-ical lifters/lifting devices are categorized as supporting

42、lifters, indentation-type pressure-gripping lifters, andfriction-type pressure-gripping lifters.SECTION 20-1.2: MARKING, CONSTRUCTION, ANDINSTALLATION20-1.2.1 Marking(a) Rated Load. The rated load of the lifting deviceshall be legibly marked on its main structure or on atag attached to its main stru

43、cture where it is visible. Ifthe lifting device is made up of several lifters, eachdetachable from the group, these lifters shall also bemarked with their individual rated loads.(b) Identification. All new structural and mechanicallifting devices shall be marked with, but not limited to,the followin

44、g information:(1) manufacturers name and address(2) serial number(3) lifter weight, if over 100 lb (45 kg)(4) cold current (amps) (when applicable)(5) rated voltage (when applicable)(6) rated load as described in para. 20-1.2.1(a)(7) ASME BTH-1 Design Category(8) ASME BTH-1 Service Class(c) Repaired

45、 or Altered Lifters. All repaired or alteredstructural and mechanical lifters shall be provided withidentification displaying, but not limited to, the follow-ing information:(1) name and address of the repairer or alterer(2) repairers or alterers unit identification(3) lifter weight (if altered)(4)

46、cold current (amps) (if altered)(5) rated voltage (if altered)(6) rated load (if altered) as described inpara. 20-1.2.1(a)(7) ASME BTH-1 Design Category (if altered)(8) ASME BTH-1 Service Class (if altered)(d) Product Safety Labels(1) Where size and shape of the lifter allow, alllifters shall have l

47、abels, affixed to them in a readableposition, that include the appropriate signal word,13according to ANSI Z535.4 (4.14), to bring the label tothe attention of the operator. The label should includecautionary language to provide danger, warning, or cau-tion notice to operators and others against(a)

48、exceeding the rated load, or lifting loads notspecified in the instruction manual(b) operating a damaged or malfunctioning unit,or a unit with missing parts(c) lifting people(d) lifting suspended loads over people(e) leaving suspended loads unattended(f) removing or obscuring warning labels(g) opera

49、ting without having read and under-stood the operating manual(h) not staying clear of the suspended load(i) lifting loads higher than necessary(j) making alterations to lifter(2) Where size or shape of the lifter prohibits theinclusion of all or any such markings, a label shall beaffixed, referring user to consult manufacturers instruc-tion manual for product safety information.(e) Operating Controls. Each control shall be clearlymarked describing resulting motion or function of thelifter.20-1.2.2 ConstructionThe manufacturer shall verify that structural andmechanical lif