ASME B30 22-2010 Articulating Boom Cranes (B30 22 - 2010)《活节悬臂起重机》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDArticulating Boom CranesASME B30.22-2010(Revision of ASME B30.22-2005)Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKASME B30.22-2010(Revision of ASME B30.22-2005)ArticulatingBoom CranesSafety Standard for Cablewa

2、ys,Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks,and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: November 22, 2010The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2015. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance. Th

3、ere will be no addenda issued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued, and will also be published

4、 within the next edition of theStandard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard

5、was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, an

6、d the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to ins

7、ure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely th

8、eir own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with

9、the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical E

10、ngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2010 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viIntroduction . viiiSummary of Changes xiChapter 22-0 Scope, Definitions, and References 1Section 22-0.1 Scope of B

11、30.22 . 1Section 22-0.2 Definitions 1Section 22-0.3 Legend for Figs. 22-0.3-1 Through 22-0.3-4 . 8Section 22-0.4 Nomenclature for Articulating Cranes . 13Section 22-0.5 References 14Chapter 22-1 Construction and Characteristics 15Section 22-1.1 Load Ratings . 15Section 22-1.2 Boom Lift, Boom Telesco

12、ping, and Load Hoist Mechanisms 17Section 22-1.3 Swing Mechanism 18Section 22-1.4 Crane Transport . 18Section 22-1.5 Rope and Reeving Accessories 18Section 22-1.6 Controls 19Section 22-1.7 Installation . 20Section 22-1.8 Construction 20Section 22-1.9 Operating Manual 21Chapter 22-2 Inspection, Testi

13、ng, and Maintenance 22Section 22-2.1 Inspection 22Section 22-2.2 Testing . 23Section 22-2.3 Maintenance 24Section 22-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance . 24Chapter 22-3 Operation 27Section 22-3.1 Qualifications and Responsibilities . 27Section 22-3.2 Operating Practices . 31Section 22

14、-3.3 Miscellaneous . 33Figures22-0.2.1-1 Commercial Truck-Mounted With Ground Control . 222-0.2.1-2 Commercial Truck-Mounted With Top Seat Control 322-0.2.1-3 Commercial Truck-Rear-Mounted With Remote Control 422-0.2.1-4 Stationary Installation . 422-0.2.1-5 Rail Car Installation . 422-0.2.1-6 Trail

15、er-Mounted . 522-0.2.1-7 Traveling Rail Base-Mounted on Trailer 522-0.2.1-8 Off-Road Vehicle 522-0.2.1-9 Wheel-Mounted Off-Road Dual Control Station 522-0.2.1-10 Wheel-Mounted Off-Road Single Control Station . 622-0.2.1-11 Crawler-Mounted Off-Road Single Control Station . 622-0.3-1 Definitions of Sp

16、ecifications for Articulating Cranes 922-0.3-2 Hook Approach . 1222-0.3-3 Elevation Below Horizontal . 1222-0.3-4 Elevation Above Horizontal . 1222-0.4-1 Nomenclature for Articulating Cranes . 1322-1.1.3-1 Work Areas . 16iii22-1.5.3-1 Dead Ending Rope in a Socket 1922-2.4.2-1 Core Failure in 19 H115

17、47 7 Rotation-Resistant Rope 2522-3.1.3.1.2-1 Standard Hand Signals 3022-3.3.2.1-1 Danger Zone for Cranes and Lifted Loads Operating Near ElectricalTransmission Lines . 34Table22-3.3.2.2-1 Required Clearance for Normal Voltage in Operation Near High VoltagePower Lines and Operation in Transit With N

18、o Load and Boom orMast Lowered 37ivFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (formerly the United States of America Standard

19、s Institute). ThisStandard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards forCranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presentedto the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, an

20、d hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USASta

21、ndards Institute), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and

22、authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent outOctober 2, 1926

23、, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing29 national organizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943,was created from the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This document wasreaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted

24、 as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American Nation

25、alStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 nationalorganizations.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate standards (each complete as toconstruction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) will cover thedifferent type

26、s of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by the ASME and accredited by the American National StandardsInstitute.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a

27、 guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be require

28、dby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equival

29、ent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX, before rendering decisions on disputed points.This Volu

30、me of the Standard contains revisions to all chapters. The most notable changesinclude the addition of responsibilities, hand signals, and more comprehensive information onoperation near electric power lines.This Volume was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, and was approved by ANSIand desig

31、nated as an American National Standard on September 20, 2010.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that

32、 previous editions were inadequate.vASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M.

33、Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, Thyssen Krupp Steel USA, LLCW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, QinetiQ North AmericaR. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupR. J. Bolen, Consultant, E. I. DuPontA. D. Brown, Poms and AssociatesM. E. Brunet, The Manito

34、woc Co.T. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti minimum breaking force; operational aid;overload protectio

35、n system; rated capacityindicator; and rated capacity (load)limiter added(2) Definition of controls and two-blockdamage-prevention feature revised(3) Definition of normal operatingconditions deleted14 Section 22-0.5 Revised15 22-1.1.1 Revised22-1.1.3 Revised18, 19 22-1.2.3 (1) Subparagraph (c) revis

36、ed(2) Subparagraph (d) deletedSection 22-1.5 Heading revised22-1.5.1 Revised in its entirety22-1.5.2 Subparagraphs (a) and (e) revised22-1.5.3 Revised in its entirety22-1.5.6 Revised22-1.6.1 Revised20 22-1.6.3 Added22-1.7.1 Subparagraph (d) revised22-1.8.2 Added and subsequent paragraphsredesignated

37、xiPage Location Change22-1.8.5 (1) Subparagraph (a) revised(2) Subparagraph (d) added21 22-1.8.7 (1) Existing paragraph designated assubpara. (a)(2) Subparagraphs (b) through (d) added2224 Section 22-2.1 Revised in its entirety22-2.2.1 Subparagraph (a)(6) revised22-2.2.2 RevisedSection 22-2.3 Revise

38、d in its entiretySection 22-2.4 Revised in its entirety2736 Chapter 22-3 Revised in its entiretyxii(10)(10)ASME B30.22-2010ARTICULATING BOOM CRANESChapter 22-0Scope, Definitions, and ReferencesSECTION 22-0.1: SCOPE OF B30.22The scope includes only cranes of the types describedin para. 22-0.2.1 that

39、are articulated by hydraulic cylin-ders and powered by internal combustion engines orelectric motors and that are mounted on a mobile chassisor stationary installation. Articulating cranes equippedwith a load hoist mechanism to broaden their versatilityare covered by this Volume.Some basic machine t

40、ypes within this scope are con-vertible for excavating work and other uses not consid-ered to be lifting service. The requirements of thisVolume are applicable only to such machines when usedas lifting cranes.Exemptions from this Volume include(a) all units with a maximum rated capacity of 2,000 lb(

41、907 kg) or less(b) all units with booms constructed ofnonconductive-type materials(c) all units equipped with or designed primarily forpersonnel baskets, platforms, ladders, etc.(d) all units when equipped with nonliftingattachments(e) all units while used in forestry and loggingapplications(f) tele

42、scoping boom cranes that do not articulate(covered under ASME B30.5)(g) scrap and material handlers as defined inASME B30.25SECTION 22-0.2: DEFINITIONS22-0.2.1 Types of Articulating Boom Cranescommercialtruck-mounted: a crane, consisting of a rotatingmast, mainframe or base, boom, and one or more op

43、era-tors stations, such as ground controls (Fig. 22-0.2.1-1),top seat controls (Fig. 22-0.2.1-2), or remote controls(Fig. 22-0.2.1-3), mounted on a frame attached to a com-mercial truck chassis, with or without a payload capabil-ity, whose power source may power the crane. Thefunction is to lift, lo

44、wer, and swing loads at various radii.1stationary: a crane, consisting of a rotating mast, main-frame or base, and boom, mounted on a stationary struc-ture. The function is to lift, lower, and swing loads atvarious radii from a fixed center of rotation. SeeFig. 22-0.2.1-4.trailer-orrailcar-mounted:

45、a crane, consisting of a rotatingmast, mainframe or base, and boom, mounted on atrailer or rail car. The function is to lift, lower, and swingloads at various radii. See Figs. 22-0.2.1-5 and 22-0.2.1-6.traveling base-mounted: a crane, consisting of a rotatingmast, boom, mainframe or base, and one or

46、 more opera-tors stations, mounted on a traveling base. The functionis to lift, lower, and swing loads at various radii. SeeFig. 22-0.2.1-7.wheel- or crawler-mounted (multiple control stations): acrane, consisting of a rotating mast, mainframe or base,operators station, and boom, mounted on an off-r

47、oadcarrier equipped with axles, rubber-tired wheels, orcrawlers for travel, a power source(s), and having sepa-rate stations for driving and operating. Its function isto lift, lower, and swing loads at various radii. SeeFigs. 22-0.2.1-8 and 22-0.2.1-9.wheel- or crawler-mounted (single control statio

48、n): a crane,consisting of a rotating mast, mainframe or base, andboom, mounted on an off-road carrier equipped withaxles, rubber-tired wheels, or crawlers for travel, a powersource, and having a single control station for drivingand operating. Its function is to lift, lower, and swingloads at variou

49、s radii. See Figs. 22-0.2.1-10 and22-0.2.1-11.22-0.2.2 General Definitionsaccessory: a secondary part or assembly of parts thatcontributes to the overall function and usefulness of acrane.administrative or regulatory authority: governmentalagency or the employer in the absence of governmentaljurisdiction.anti-two-blockdevice: a device that, when activated, disen-gages all crane functions whose movement can causetwo-blocking.(10)(10)ASME B30.22-2010Fig. 22-0.2.1-1 Commercial Truck-Mounted With Ground ControlGroundcontrolstationappointed: assigned specific responsibilities by th