ASME B30 22-2016 Articulating Boom Cranes《活节悬臂起重机》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B30.22-2016(Revision of ASME B30.22-2010)Articulating Boom CranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.22-2016(Revision of ASME B30.22-2010)ArticulatingBoom CranesSafety Standard for Cableways,Cranes, Derricks, Ho

2、ists, Hooks, Jacks,and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: June 17, 2016The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2021. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written replies to i

3、nquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide cor

4、rections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available toautomatically receive an e-mail notification when

5、 errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under p

6、rocedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailabl

7、e for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with res

8、pect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are

9、expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry en

10、dorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

11、in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2016 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword v

12、Committee Roster . viiB30 Standard Introduction . ixSummary of Changes xiiChapter 22-0 Scope, Definitions, Personnel Competence, Translations, andReferences. 1Section 22-0.1 Scope of B30.22 . 1Section 22-0.2 Definitions 1Section 22-0.3 Legend for Figs. 22-0.3-1 Through 22-0.3-4 . 9Section 22-0.4 Nom

13、enclature for Articulating Cranes . 14Section 22-0.5 Personnel Competence 14Section 22-0.6 Translations of Safety-Related Information andControl Designations . 14Section 22-0.7 References 14Chapter 22-1 Construction and Characteristics 16Section 22-1.1 Load Ratings . 16Section 22-1.2 Boom Lift, Boom

14、 Telescoping, and Load Hoist Mechanisms 18Section 22-1.3 Swing Mechanism 19Section 22-1.4 Crane Transport . 19Section 22-1.5 Ropes and Reeving Accessories 19Section 22-1.6 Controls 20Section 22-1.7 Installation . 21Section 22-1.8 Construction 21Section 22-1.9 Operating Manual 22Chapter 22-2 Inspecti

15、on, Testing, and Maintenance 23Section 22-2.1 Inspection 23Section 22-2.2 Testing . 24Section 22-2.3 Maintenance 25Section 22-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance . 26Chapter 22-3 Operation 28Section 22-3.1 Qualifications and Responsibilities . 28Section 22-3.2 Operating Practices . 33S

16、ection 22-3.3 Signals . 34Section 22-3.4 Operating Near Electric Power Lines 35Figures22-0.2.1-1 Commercial Truck-Mounted With Ground Control . 222-0.2.1-2 Commercial Truck-Mounted With Top Seat Control 322-0.2.1-3 Commercial Truck-Rear-Mounted With Remote Control 422-0.2.1-4 Crawler-Mounted . 422-0

17、.2.1-5 Stationary Installation . 522-0.2.1-6 Railcar Installation 522-0.2.1-7 Trailer-Mounted . 522-0.2.1-8 Traveling Base-Mounted on Trailer 622-0.2.1-9 Off-Road Vehicle 622-0.3-1 Definitions of Specifications for Articulating Cranes 1022-0.3-2 Hook Approach . 1322-0.3-3 Elevation Below Horizontal

18、. 13iii22-0.3-4 Elevation Above Horizontal . 1322-0.4-1 Nomenclature for Articulating Cranes . 1522-1.1.3-1 Work Areas . 1722-2.4.2-1 Core Failure in 19 H11547 7 Rotation-Resistant Rope 2722-3.3.4-1 Standard Hand Signals 3422-3.4.1-1 Danger Zone for Cranes and Lifted Loads Operating Near ElectricalT

19、ransmission Lines . 36Table22-3.4.2-1 Required Clearance for Normal Voltage in Operation Near High VoltagePower Lines and Operation in Transit With No Load and Boom orMast Lowered 38ivFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and S

20、lings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI). This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 whenan eight-page Code of Safety Standards for Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on theProtection of Industrial Workers, was presented at

21、 the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering S

22、tandardsCommittee (AESC) later changed to American Standards Association (ASA), then to the UnitedStates of America Standards Institute (USASI), and finally to ANSI, Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor and Industry State of Pennsylvania, and theLocomotive Crane Manufacturers

23、 Association. On June 11, 1925, AESC approved the ASME SafetyCode Correlating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with theU.S. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representative

24、s to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent outOctober 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing29 national organizations. Commencing June 1, 1927, and using the eight-page code publishedby ASME in 1916 as a basi

25、s, the Sectional Committee developed the Safety Code for Cranes,Derricks, and Hoists. The early drafts of this safety code included requirements for jacks, but,due to inputs and comments on those drafts, the Sectional Committee decided in 1938 to makethe requirements for jacks a separate code. In Ja

26、nuary 1943, ASA B30.2-1943 was publishedaddressing a multitude of equipment types, and in August 1943, ASA B30.1-1943 was publishedjust addressing jacks. Both documents were reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as safetystandards.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general int

27、erest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Bureau of Yardsand Docks (now the Naval Facilities Engineering Command), was reorganized on January 31, 1962,with 39 members representing 27 national organizations. The new committee changed th

28、e formatof ASA B30.2-1943 so that the multitude of equipment types it addressed could be published inseparate volumes that could completely cover the construction, installation, inspection, testing,maintenance, and operation of each type of equipment that was included in the scope of ASA B30.2.This

29、format change resulted in B30.3, B30.5, B30.6, B30.11, and B30.16 being initially publishedas revisions of B30.2, with the remainder of the B30 volumes being published as totally newvolumes. ASA changed its name to USASI in 1966 and to ANSI in 1969, which resulted in B30volumes from 1943 to 1968 bei

30、ng designated as either ASA B30, USAS B30, or ANSI B30, dependingon their date of publication.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI. This Standard presents a coordi-nated set of rules that ma

31、y serve as a guide to government and other regulatory bodies andmunicipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspection of the equipment falling withinits scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention are given both as mandatory andadvisory provisions; compliance with both types ma

32、y be required by employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods but only when it is clearly evident tha

33、t an equivalent degree of protectionis thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard, administra-tive or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordance with theformat described in Section IX of the Introduction, before rendering deci

34、sions on disputed points.vSafety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.

35、The first edition of B30.22 was issued in 1987, and new editions were published in 1993, 2000,2005, and 2010. The 2010 edition incorporated the addition of responsibilities, hand signals, andmore comprehensive information on operation near electric power lines.This 2016 edition contains revisions to

36、 all chapters. The most notable changes include installationrequirements, clarification of testing, lift director responsibilities, and setup and operatingpractices.This Volume, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, was approved byANSI and designated as an American National Standard o

37、n April 27, 2016.viASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSB. D. Closson, ChairT. L. Blanton, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretaryS

38、TANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, LTS Cranes MechanicalM. Eggenberger, Alternate, Berry Contracting, Inc.G. Austin, Terex Corp.T. L. Blanton, NACB Group, Inc.R. Ohman, Alternate, Verde Concepts, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupC. E. Lucas, Alternate, The Crosby GroupP. W. Boyd, The Boein

39、g Co.M. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.A. L. Calta, Alternate, The Manitowoc Co.B. D. Closson, Craft Forensic ServicesB. A. Pickett, Alternate, Systems Engineering and Forensic ServicesJ. A. Danielson, The Boeing Co.D. Decker, Becket, LLCL. D. DeMark, Equipment Training Solutions, LLCD. F. Jordan, Alte

40、rnate, BP AmericaD. W. Eckstine, Eckstine this has the effectof counteracting torque by reducing the tendency of thefinished rope to rotate.running rope: a rope that travels around sheaves ordrums.shall: a word indicating a requirement.sheave: a grooved wheel or pulley over which the ropetravels.sho

41、uld: a word indicating a recommendation.side loading: a load applied at an angle to the verticalplane of the boom.stability: a condition in which the sum of the momentstending to overturn the unit is less than the sum of themoments resisting overturning.stabilizer: an extendable or fixed member(s) a

42、ttached tothe mounting base to increase the stability of the crane,but which may not have the capability of relieving allof the weight from wheels or tracks.stabilizer cylinder, horizontal: a hydraulic cylinder thatextends the stabilizer.stabilizer cylinder, vertical: a hydraulic cylinder that low-e

43、rs the stabilizer pad to ground surface.stabilizer pad: the structural member that distributes unitload over ground surface.standard crane: as defined by the manufacturer.structural competence: the ability of the machine and itscomponents to withstand the stresses imposed byapplied loads within the

44、rating of the crane.swing (slewing): rotation of the mast and boom for move-ment of loads in a horizontal direction about the axis ofrotation.swing (slewing) cylinders: two opposed single-acting cyl-inders that act on a rack gear which engages the mastpinion.swing (slewing) drive gearbox: a mechanis

45、m that drivesthe mast or turntable.8swing (slewing) mechanism: the machinery involved inproviding rotation of the mast and boom.swivel: a load carrying member to permit rotation underload in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the load.swiveling: the rotation of the load attachment portion(hoo

46、k or shackle) of a lower load block or hook assemblyabout its axis of suspension in relation to the load line(s).telescoping boom: consists of a boom from which one ormore boom sections are telescoped for additional length.tipping: see stability.transit: the moving or transporting of a crane from on

47、ejob site to another.travel: the function of the machine moving under its ownpower from one location to another.two-block damage-prevention system: a system that willstall when two-blocking occurs without causing damageto the hoist rope or crane machinery components.two-blocking: the condition when

48、the lower load blockor hook assembly comes in contact with the upper loadblock or boom point sheave assembly.vehicle: a mobile chassis on which an articulating craneis mounted. May include, but is not limited to, acommercial truck, a crawler chassis, an off-road chassis,a railcar, or a trailer.weigh

49、tofcrane: weight of manufacturers standard articu-lating boom crane. List separately weights of optionalitems such as hydraulic pump, hydraulic oil, counter-weight, ballast, accessories, and equipment added byinstaller.wheelbase: the distance between centers of front and rearaxles. For a multiple axle assembly, the axle center forwheelbase measurement is taken at the midpoint of theassembly.winch (hoist): a power driven drum(s) capable of liftingand lowering loads.ASME B30.22-2016SECTION 22-0.3: LEGEND FOR FIGS. 22-0.3-1THROUGH 22-0.3-4A articulating angle the angle through wh