ASME B30 24-2008 Container Cranes (B30 24 - 2008)《集装箱起重机》.pdf

1、Container CranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B30.24-2008Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B

2、30.24-2008ContainerCranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuan

3、ce: September 5, 2008The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2013. There will be no addendaissued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site und

4、er the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of theStandard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criter

5、ia for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provi

6、des an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights

7、asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the

8、validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME acc

9、epts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherw

10、ise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2008 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license

11、with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . vB30 Standard Introduction . viiChapter 24-0 Scope, Definitions, and ReferencesSection 24-0.1 Scope of B30.24 1Section 24-0.2 Definitions 1Section 24-0.3 References . 5C

12、hapter 24-1 Construction and InstallationSection 24-1.1 Markings 7Section 24-1.2 Clearances . 7Section 24-1.3 Runways Rail-Mounted Cranes 7Section 24-1.4 Crane Construction (General) 7Section 24-1.5 Operators Stations 8Section 24-1.6 Lighting Systems 9Section 24-1.7 Communication Systems . 9Section

13、24-1.8 Service Platforms and Footwalks . 9Section 24-1.9 Bumpers, Trolley Runway, and Trolley Stops 10Section 24-1.10 Truck Sweeps/Guards . 11Section 24-1.11 Brakes . 11Section 24-1.12 Drive Motors 11Section 24-1.13 Electrical Equipment . 12Section 24-1.14 Hoisting Equipment . 12Section 24-1.15 Elev

14、ators 13Section 24-1.16 Documentation 13Chapter 24-2 Inspection, Testing, and MaintenanceSection 24-2.1 Inspection . 14Section 24-2.2 Testing 14Section 24-2.3 Maintenance . 15Section 24-2.4 Wire Rope Inspection and Replacement . 15Chapter 24-3 OperationSection 24-3.1 Qualifications for and Conduct o

15、f Operators 17Section 24-3.2 Handling the Load . 18Section 24-3.3 Signals 18Section 24-3.4 Miscellaneous . 18Figures1 Dockside Container Crane . 22 Yard Container Crane 33 Spreader . 54 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Container Cranes 19iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under lic

16、ense with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Stan

17、dards Institute (ANSI) (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute).This Standard had its beginning in December 1916, when an eight-page Code of Safety Standardsfor Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, waspresented to the annual meeting of ASM

18、E.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later chang

19、ed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee appr

20、oved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project, with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for

21、organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 nationalorganizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, was createdfrom the eight-page document referred to in the firs

22、t paragraph. This document was reaffirmedin 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command

23、, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 nationalorganizations.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate standards (each complete as toconstruction and installation; inspection, t

24、esting, and maintenance; and operation) will cover thedifferent types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI.This Standard presents a coordinated set

25、of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance wi

26、th both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is cle

27、arly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX, before rendering decisions

28、on disputed points.This Volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, wasapproved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on January 25, 2008.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideratio

29、n of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without lice

30、nse from IHS-,-,-ASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairB. D. Closson, Vice ChairJ. D. Wendler, SecretaryS

31、TANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, Northrop Grumman Ship SystemsW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, Mantech International Corp.R. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.R. J. Bolen, ConsultantG. B. Hetherston, Alternate, E. I. DuPontA. D. Brown, A. D. Brown, Inc.W. J. Smith, Jr., Alternate, Nations Bui

32、lders Insurance ServicesM. E. Brunet, Manitowoc Crane GroupE. D. Fidler, Alternate, Grove Worldwide, Manitowoc Crane GroupT. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alt

33、ernate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti single, double, or box girder construction, utilizinga trolley and a container-handling spreader or otherapplicable lifting apparatus (cargo hook, cargo beam,magnet, etc.); and rail- or rubber tire-mounted withthrough-the-legs or between-the-l

34、egs operation. Use ofthe same hardware for purposes other than lifting isexcluded from the provisions of this Volume. ThisVolume does not apply to small industrial truck-typecranes, container-handling toploaders and sideloaders,or mobile straddle-type industrial lifts.SECTION 24-0.2: DEFINITIONSadmi

35、nistrative or regulatory authority: governmentalagency or, in the absence of governmental jurisdiction,the employer.appointed: assigned specific responsibilities by theemployer or the employers representative.authorized: appointed by a duly constituted administra-tive or regulatory authority.boom: a

36、n extension of the trolley runway on docksidecontainer cranes that may be raised (luffing boom) orretracted (shuttle boom) to obtain clearance for gantrytravel.brake: a device other than a motor used for retarding orstopping motion by friction or power means.brake, holding: a friction brake for a ho

37、ist that is automati-cally applied and prevents motion when power to thebrake is off.brake, parking: a brake for gantry and trolley that may beautomatically or manually applied to impede horizontalmotion by restraining wheel rotation.1bumper (buffer): a device for reducing the force of impactat the

38、end of permitted travel.cab: a compartment with crane controls for the operatorto control the operating functions of a container crane.controller: a device or group of devices that serves togovern, in a predetermined manner, the power delivereddirectly to the apparatus to which it is connected.contr

39、oller, spring return: a controller that, when released,will return automatically to a neutral (off) position.crane: a machine for lifting and lowering a load andmoving it horizontally, with the hoisting mechanism anintegral part of the machine.crane, automatic: a crane that, when activated, operates

40、through a preset cycle or cycles.crane, container: a crane with single or multiple girderscarrying a movable or fixed hoisting mechanism usedprimarily to lift intermodal shipping containers. It uti-lizes a trolley(s) and a container-handling spreaderassembly.crane, dockside container: a rail-mounted

41、 cantilever gantrycrane in which the trolley girder(s) extends transverselybeyond the crane runway on one or both sides and isused primarily to lift intermodal shipping containers onand off ships. The crane may have a luffing boom or ashuttle boom (see Fig. 1).crane, service: an overhead crane, jib

42、crane, monorail, orsimilar crane mounted in the machinery enclosure orother location on a container crane and used for servic-ing the container crane.crane, yard container, rail-mounted: a crane consisting ofoverhead girders supporting a trolley, mounted on rigidlegs, and running on rails (see Fig.

43、2).crane, yard container, rubber-tired: a crane consisting ofoverhead girders supporting a trolley, mounted on rigidlegs, and running on rubber tires (see Fig. 2).designated person: a person selected or assigned by theemployer or the employers representative as being com-petent to perform specific d

44、uties.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30.24-2008Fig. 1 Dockside Container Crane(b) Shuttle Boom Type(a) Luffing Boom Type2Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under l

45、icense with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30.24-2008Fig. 2 Yard Container Crane(a) Rubber Tired (b) Rail Mounted 3Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted

46、 without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30.24-2008drum: a cylindrical member around which wire rope iswound for moving the load, boom, or trolley.equalizer: a device that compensates for unequal ropelength or unequal load application.exposed: applies to hazardous objects not guarded orisolated, and capa

47、ble of being contacted inadvertently.gantry frame: a structural assembly that supports thetrolley girder beams.gantry leg: the structural member that supports a trolleygirder.gantry travel: the crane movement in a direction parallelto the crane runway.headblock: an assembly of sheaves, pins, and fra

48、me sus-pended from the crane for connecting container-han-dling devices such as lift beams and spreaders.hoist: a machinery unit that is used for lifting or loweringa freely suspended load.hoist, main: the primary hoist mechanism provided forlifting and lowering the rated load.lifting apparatus: spr

49、eaders, cargo beams, heavy liftbeams, cargo hooks, and other devices attached to theheadblock for lifting loads.limit device (crane motion): a device that, when actuated,limits crane motion.load: the total superimposed weight on the spreaderor hook.normal operating conditions: conditions under which acrane is performing functions within the scope of the