ASME B30 26-2010 Rigging Hardware (B30 26 - 2010)《装配五金件》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B30.26-2010(Revision of ASME B30.26-2004)Rigging HardwareSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKASME B30.26-2010(Revision of ASME B30.26-2004)RiggingHardwareSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes,Derri

2、cks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDDate of Issuance: June 30, 2010The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2015. There will be no addendaissued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical asp

3、ects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of theStandard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code

4、 or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed

5、 code or standard was madeavailableforpublicreviewandcommentthatprovidesanopportunityforadditionalpublicinputfromindustry,academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any

6、 position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code

7、 or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernme

8、nt or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reprod

9、uced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2010 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A

10、.CONTENTSForeword vCommitteeRoster . viB30StandardIntroduction . viiiSummaryofChanges xiChapter 26-0 Scope, Definitions, and References 1Section26-0.1 Scope . 1Section26-0.2 Definitions 1Chapter 26-1 Shackles Selection, Use, and Maintenance. 3Section26-1.0 Scope . 3Section26-1.1 TypesandMaterials. 3

11、Section26-1.2 DesignFactor . 3Section26-1.3 RatedLoads 3Section26-1.4 ProofTest . 3Section26-1.5 Identification . 3Section26-1.6 EffectsofEnvironment 3Section26-1.7 Training 3Section26-1.8 Inspection,Repair,andRemoval . 4Section26-1.9 OperatingPractices . 5Chapter 26-2 Adjustable Hardware Selection,

12、 Use, and Maintenance 8Section26-2.0 Scope . 8Section26-2.1 TypesandMaterials. 8Section26-2.2 DesignFactor . 8Section26-2.3 RatedLoads 8Section26-2.4 ProofTest . 8Section26-2.5 Identification . 8Section26-2.6 EffectsofEnvironment 8Section26-2.7 Training 12Section26-2.8 Inspection,Repair,andRemoval .

13、 12Section26-2.9 OperatingPractices . 12Chapter 26-3 Compression Hardware Selection, Use, and Maintenance 15Section26-3.0 Scope . 15Section26-3.1 Types,Materials,andAssembly . 15Section26-3.2 DesignFactor . 15Section26-3.3 RatedLoads 15Section26-3.4 ProofTest . 18Section26-3.5 Identification . 18Sec

14、tion26-3.6 EffectsofEnvironment 18Section26-3.7 Training 18Section26-3.8 Inspection,Repair,andRemoval . 18Section26-3.9 OperatingPractices . 19Chapter 26-4 Links, Rings, and Swivels Selection, Use, and Maintenance. 20Section26-4.0 Scope . 20Section26-4.1 TypesandMaterials. 20Section26-4.2 DesignFact

15、or . 20Section26-4.3 RatedLoads 20Section26-4.4 ProofTest . 20Section26-4.5 Identification . 20iiiSection26-4.6 EffectsofEnvironment 20Section26-4.7 Training 20Section26-4.8 Inspection,Repair,andRemoval . 20Section26-4.9 OperatingPractices . 22Chapter 26-5 Rigging Blocks Selection, Use, and Maintena

16、nce. 24Section26-5.0 Scope . 24Section26-5.1 TypesandMaterials. 24Section26-5.2 DesignFactor . 24Section26-5.3 RatedLoads 24Section26-5.4 ProofTest . 24Section26-5.5 Identification . 24Section26-5.6 EffectsofEnvironment 24Section26-5.7 Training 24Section26-5.8 Inspection,Repair,andRemoval . 28Sectio

17、n26-5.9 OperatingPractices . 28Chapter 26-6 Detachable Load-Indicating Devices Selection,Use, and Maintenance 30Section26-6.0 Scope . 30Section26-6.1 TypesandMaterials. 30Section26-6.2 DesignFactor . 30Section26-6.3 RatedLoads 30Section26-6.4 ProofTest . 30Section26-6.5 Identification . 30Section26-

18、6.6 EffectsofEnvironment 30Section26-6.7 Training 30Section26-6.8 Calibration,Inspection,Repair,andRemoval. 30Section26-6.9 OperatingPractices . 34Figures26-1.1.1-1 ShackleTypes . 426-1.9.1-1 AngleofLoading(Shackles) . 526-1.9.4-1 TypicalShackleComponents 726-1.9.4-2 SideLoading . 726-2.1.1-1 Turnbu

19、ckles. 926-2.1.1-2 Eyebolts 926-2.1.1-3 EyeNuts . 1026-2.1.1-4 SwivelHoistRings 1126-2.9.1-1 AngleofLoading(AdjustableHardware) 1326-3.1.1-1 WireRopeClips 1626-3.1.1-2 WedgeSockets 1726-4.1.1-1 LinksandRings 2126-4.1.1-2 Swivels . 2126-4.9.1-1 AngleofLoading(Links,Rings,andSwivels) 2326-5.1.1-1 Rigg

20、ingBlockTypes 2526-5.1.1-2 TypicalRiggingBlockComponents 2626-5.3-1 BlockLoadFactorMultipliers . 2726-6.1.1-1 CraneScaleDynamometer . 3126-6.1.1-2 LinkStyleLoad-IndicatingDevice . 3226-6.1.1-3 ShackleWithLoad-IndicatingPin . 33ivFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways,

21、 Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks,Jacks,andSlings,hasbeendevelopedundertheproceduresaccreditedbytheAmericanNational Standards Institute (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute). ThisStandardhaditsbeginninginDecember1916whenaneight-pageCodeofSafetyStandardsforCranes,preparedbyanASMEC

22、ommitteeontheProtectionofIndustrialWorkers,waspresentedtotheannualmeetingoftheASME.Meetingsanddiscussionsregardingsafetyoncranes,derricks,andhoistswereheldfrom1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteelElectricalEngineers,theAmericanMuseumofSaf

23、ety,theAmericanEngineeringStandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USAStandardsInstitute),DepartmentofLaborStateofNewJersey,DepartmentofLaborandIndustryStateofPennsylvania,andtheLocomotiveCraneManufacturersAssociation.OnJune11, 1925, the American En

24、gineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelatingCommitteesrecommendationandauthorizedtheprojectwiththeU.S.DepartmentoftheNavy,BureauofYardsandDocks,andASMEassponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectionalCommittee.The

25、callfororganizationofthisSectionalCommitteewassentoutOctober2,1926,andthecommitteeorganizedNovember4,1926,with57membersrepresenting29nationalorganizations. The SafetyCode for Cranes, Derricks,and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943,was createdfromtheeight-pagedocumentreferredtointhefirstparagraph.Thisdocumentwas

26、reaffirmedin1952andwidelyacceptedasasafetystandard.Duetochangesindesign,advancementintechniques,andgeneralinterestoflaborandindustryinsafety,theSectionalCommittee,underthejointsponsorshipofASMEandtheNavalFacilitiesEngineeringCommand,U.S.DepartmentoftheNavy,wasreorganizedasanAmericanNationalStandards

27、CommitteeonJanuary31,1962,with39membersrepresenting27nationalorganizations.Theformatofthepreviouscodewaschangedsothatseparatestandards(eachcompleteastoconstructionandinstallation;inspection,testing,andmaintenance;andoperation)willcoverthedifferenttypesofequipmentincludedinthescopeofB30.In1982,theCom

28、mitteewasreorganizedasanAccreditedOrganizationCommittee,operatingunderproceduresdevelopedbytheASMEandaccreditedbytheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentandotherregulatorybodiesandmunicipalauthoritiesresponsiblefo

29、rtheguardingandinspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregivenbothasmandatoryandadvisoryprovisions;compliancewithbothtypesmayberequiredbyemployersoftheiremployees.Incaseofpracticaldifficulties,newdevelopments,orunnecessaryhardship,theadmin

30、istrativeor regulatoryauthority maygrant variancesfrom theliteral requirementsor permitthe useofotherdevicesormethodsbutonlywhenitisclearlyevidentthatanequivalentdegreeofprotectionistherebysecured.TosecureuniformapplicationandinterpretationofthisStandard,administra-tive or regulatory authorities are

31、 urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordance with theformatdescribedinSectionIX,beforerenderingdecisionsondisputedpoints.ThefirsteditionofthisVolumewasB30.26-2004,publishedMay20,2005.ThiseditioncontainsminorrevisionsandhasaddedChapter26-6,DetachableLoad-IndicatingDevicesSelection,Use,andMainte

32、nance.Thisedition,whichwasapprovedbytheB30CommitteeandbyASME,wasapprovedbyANSIanddesignatedasanAmericanNationalStandardonMay7,2010.Safetycodesandstandardsareintendedtoenhancepublicsafety.Revisionsresultfromcommit-teeconsiderationoffactorssuchastechnologicaladvances,newdata,andchangingenvironmentalan

33、dindustryneeds.Revisionsdonotimplythatpreviouseditionswereinadequate.vASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, Ch

34、airR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp Steel USA, LLCW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, QinetiQ North AmericaR. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupR. J. Bolen, E. I. DuPontG. B. Hetherston, Alternate, E. I.

35、DuPontA. D. Brown, A. D. Brown, Inc.M. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.T. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John P. Collett

36、i hitch,choker;andshockloadrevised(2)Definitionsofcranescale,dynamometer,LID,andload-indicatingdeviceadded3 Section26-1.2 Revised26-1.4.2 Revised4 Fig.26-1.1.1-1 Bottomthreeillustrationsrevised26-1.8.2(a) Revised26-1.8.3(b)(1)(c) Revised5 26-1.9.2 (1)Subparagraph(a)revised(2)Subparagraph(c)redesigna

37、tedas(d),andnew(c)added26-1.9.4(a) Revised9 Fig.26-2.1.1-2 Subcaptionmovedtofourthillustration11 Fig.26-2.1.1-4 Subcaptionsoffourthandeighthillustrationsreversed1214 26-2.8.2(a) Revised26-2.8.3(b)(1)(c) Revised26-2.9.2 (1)Subparagraph(a)revised(2)Subparagraph(c)redesignatedas(d),andnew(c)added26-2.9

38、.4.1(h) Revised26-2.9.4.2 Subparagraphs(a),(f),and(g)revised26-2.9.4.3(a) Revised26-2.9.4.4 Subparagraphs(d),(f),and(h)revised18 26-3.8.2(a) Revised26-3.8.3(b)(1)(c) Revised19 26-3.9.2 (1)Subparagraph(a)revised(2)Subparagraph(c)redesignatedas(d),andnew(c)addedxiPage Location Change26-3.9.4.1(b) Revi

39、sed22 26-4.8.2(a) Revised26-4.8.3(b)(1)(c) Revised26-4.9.2 (1)Subparagraph(a)revised(2)Subparagraph(c)redesignatedas(d),andnew(c)added23 26-4.9.4.1(e) Revised26-4.9.4.2(f) Revised28 26-5.8.2(a) Revised26-5.8.3(b)(1)(c) Revised26-5.9.1(b) Revised26-5.9.2 (1)Subparagraph(a)revised(2)Subparagraph(c)red

40、esignatedas(d),andnew(c)added3035 Chapter26-6 AddedSPECIAL NOTE:TheinterpretationstoB30.26areincludedinthiseditionasaseparatesectionfortheusersconvenience.xii(10)(10)ASME B30.26-2010RIGGING HARDWAREChapter 26-0Scope, Definitions, and ReferencesSECTION 26-0.1: SCOPEVolumeB30.26includesprovisionsthata

41、pplytotheconstruction,installation,operation,inspection,andmaintenance of detachable rigging hardware used forload-handlingactivitiesinconjunctionwithequipmentdescribed in other volumes of the B30 Standard. Thishardwareincludesshackles,links,rings,swivels,turn-buckles, eyebolts, hoist rings, wire ro

42、pe clips, wedgesockets,riggingblocks,andload-indicatingdevices.Detachable hardware used in applications other thanthosedetailedinthisVolumeshallonlybeusedinaccor-dance with the recommendations of the manufactureroraqualifiedperson.SECTION 26-0.2: DEFINITIONSabnormaloperatingconditions:environmentalc

43、onditionsthatare unfavorable,harmful,or detrimentalto orforthe operation of a piece of detachable hardware, suchasexcessivelyhighorlowambienttemperatures,expo-suretoweather,corrosivefumes,dustladenormoistureladenatmospheres,andhazardouslocations.angleofloading:theacuteanglebetweenhorizontalandtheleg

44、oftherigging,oftenreferredtoasthehorizontalangle(seeFig.26-1.9.1-1).NOTE: A stressmultiplier producedby theangle ofloading isalsopresentwhentheriggingisusedinnonverticalapplications.bow,shackle:thecurvedportionoftheshacklebodyoppositethepin,oftenreferredtoasthebail,thebody,thedee,orthebowl(seeFig.26

45、-1.9.4-1).cranescale:seeload-indicatingdevice.deadend:thesectionofwireropethatisnottensionedunderload(seeFigs.26-3.1.1-1and26-3.1.1-2).designfactor:ratiobetweennominalorminimumbreak-ingstrengthandratedloadoftherigginghardware.designatedperson:apersonwhoisselectedorassignedbytheemployeroremployersrep

46、resentativeasbeingcompetenttoperformspecificduties.dynamometer:seeload-indicatingdevice.1ears,shackle:portionoftheshacklebodythatsupportstheshacklepin(seeFig.26-1.9.4-1).hardwareservicenormal:servicethatinvolvesuseofloadsatorbelowtheratedload.severe: service that involves normal service coupledwitha

47、bnormalriggingoroperatingconditions.special:servicethatinvolvesoperation,otherthannor-malorsevere,thatisapprovedbyaqualifiedperson.hitch, choker: a method of rigging a sling in which theslingispassedaroundtheload,thenthroughoneloopeye,endfitting,orotherdevicewiththeotherloopeyeorendfittingattachedto

48、theload-handlingdevice.in-lineloading:conditionwheretheloadisappliedthrough the centerline of the rigging hardware at theintendedbearingpoints.jaw:aU-shaped,load-bearingconnectiondesignedforusewitharemovablepin(seeFig.26-2.1.1-1).LID:seeload-indicatingdevice.line pull: the tension load in a rope ent

49、ering a riggingblock(seeFig.26-5.3-1).liveend:thesectionofwireropethatistensionedunderload(seeFigs.26-3.1.1-1and26-3.1.1-2).load-indicating device: a device that measures and dis-playsappliedloadorforce.manufacturer:theentityresponsibleforthephysicalpro-ductionofanitem.pin, shackle: a steel bolt made to span the two shackleears(seeFig.26-1.9.4-1).primary load fitting: the fitting on a rigging block thatcarries the highest applied load during use (seeFig.26-5.3-1).proof load: the specific load applied in performance oftheprooftests.prooftest:anondestructiveloadtestmadeto