ASME B30 29-2012 Self-Erecting Tower Cranes Safety Standard for Cableways Cranes Derricks Hoists Hooks Jacks and Slings《自装配塔式起重机 索道 起重机 桅杆式起重机 卷扬机 挂钩 爪子和吊物机安全性标准》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B30.29-2012Self-Erecting Tower CranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.29-2012Self-ErectingTower CranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes,Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, andSlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDA

2、RDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: February 5, 2013The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2018. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical as

3、pects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued. Interpretations will also be included with each edition.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovi

4、de corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available toautomatically receive an e-mail notificatio

5、n when errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed u

6、nder procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeav

7、ailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position wi

8、th respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standar

9、d are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or indus

10、try endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any

11、 form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2013 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSFo

12、reword vCommittee Roster . viiB30 Standard Introduction . ixChapter 29-0 Scope, Definitions, and References 1Section 29-0.1 Scope of B30.29 . 1Section 29-0.2 Definitions 1Section 29-0.3 References 5Chapter 29-1 General Construction and Installation 7Section 29-1.1 Site Preparation and Erection 7Sect

13、ion 29-1.2 Rated Loads 9Section 29-1.3 Stability 9Section 29-1.4 Documentation . 10Section 29-1.5 Hoisting and Erecting Mechanism . 11Section 29-1.6 Slewing (Swing) Mechanism . 12Section 29-1.7 Travel Equipment . 12Section 29-1.8 Mast Erection Equipment . 12Section 29-1.9 Jib Erection Equipment 12Se

14、ction 29-1.10 Trolleys . 12Section 29-1.11 Brakes 13Section 29-1.12 Operational Aids . 13Section 29-1.13 Pendants and Stay Ropes 13Section 29-1.14 Reeving Accessories . 13Section 29-1.15 Counterweight and Ballast 13Section 29-1.16 Crane Function Controls 13Section 29-1.17 Electrical Equipment: Gener

15、al Requirements . 14Section 29-1.18 Operators Cab . 14Section 29-1.19 General Requirements . 15Chapter 29-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 17Section 29-2.1 Inspection 17Section 29-2.2 Testing . 18Section 29-2.3 Maintenance and Repairs 18Section 29-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintena

16、nce . 19Chapter 29-3 Operation 21Section 29-3.1 Qualifications for and Conduct of Operators and OperatingPractices 21Section 29-3.2 Signals . 26Section 29-3.3 Miscellaneous . 28Figures29-0.2.1-1 Types of Self-Erect Tower Cranes by Base Type 229-0.2.1-2 Types of Self-Erect Tower Cranes by Mast Type 3

17、29-1.14-1 Wedge Sockets 1429-2.4.2-1 Core Failure in Rotation-Resistant Ropes . 2029-3.2.4-1 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Self-Erect Tower Cranes 2729-3.3.3-1 Danger Zone for Cranes and Lifted Loads Operating Near ElectricalTransmission Lines . 29iiiTable29-3.3.3-1 Required Clearance for No

18、rmal Voltage in Operation Near High-VoltagePower Lines and Operation in Transit With No Load and Boom orMast Lowered 30ivFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by th

19、e AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI). This Standard had its beginning in December 1916, whenan eight-page Code of Safety Standards for Cranes, prepared by an American Society of MechanicalEngineers (ASME) Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presented at theannual meeting

20、of ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee AESC,

21、later changed to American Standards Association (ASA), and subsequentlyto the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI), Department of Labor State ofNew Jersey, Department of Labor and Industry State of Pennsylvania, and the LocomotiveCrane Manufacturers Association. On June 11, 1925, the

22、 AESC approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The

23、call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent outOctober 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing29 national organizations.Commencing June 1, 1927, and using the eight-page code published by ASME in 1916 as abasis, the Sectional Committee devel

24、oped the Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists. Theearly drafts of this safety code included requirements for jacks, but due to inputs and commentson those drafts, the Sectional Committee decided in 1938 to make the requirements for jacks aseparate code. In January 1943, ASA B30.2-1943 was pu

25、blished, addressing a multitude of equip-ment types, and in August 1943, ASA B30.1-1943 was published, addressing only jacks. Bothdocuments were reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as safety standards.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryi

26、n safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Bureau of Yardsand Docks (now the Naval Facilities Engineering Command), U.S. Department of the Navy, wasreorganized on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organizations.The new Committee changed th

27、e format of ASA B30.2-1943 so that the multitude of equipmenttypes it addressed could be published in separate volumes that could completely cover theconstruction, installation, inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation of each type of equip-ment included in the scope of ASA B30.2. This format

28、 change resulted in the initial publicationof B30.3, B30.5, B30.6, B30.11, and B30.16 being designated as revisions of B30.2, with the remainderof the B30 volumes being published as new volumes. The USASI changed its name to the AmericanNational Standards Institute in 1969, which resulted in B30 vol

29、umes from 1943 to 1968 beingdesignated as either ASA B30, USAS B30, or ANSI B30, depending on their date of publication.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI.This Standard presents a coordina

30、ted set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compl

31、iance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when i

32、t is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancevwith the format described in Section IX of the B30 Standard

33、 Introduction, before renderingdecisions on disputed points.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that

34、previous editions were inadequate.The ASME B30 Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, andSlings has not included cranes referred to as self-erect tower cranes in the past. Self-erect towercranes have distinct operating, erecting, and transporting characteristics that

35、do not allow themto be included in ASME B30.3 or ASME B30.5. The use of these machines has increased rapidlyin the United States of America in recent years. In 2007, the ASME B30 committee voted to forma subcommittee to write a volume for the B30 Safety Standard covering self-erecting tower cranes.T

36、his first edition of the B30.29 Volume was approved by the B30 Standards Committee andby ASME. It was approved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard onNovember 27, 2012.viASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The followin

37、g is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSL. D. Means, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp Steel USA, LLCC. M Robison, Alternate, UT-Battelle/Oak Ridge National Laborat

38、oryT. L. Blanton, NACB, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupC. Lucas, Alternate, The Crosby GroupR. J. Bolen, ConsultantC. Cotton, Alternate, Navy Crane CenterM. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co., Inc.T. A. Christensen, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co.M. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson

39、, Craft Forensic ServicesB. A. Pickett, Alternate, Forensic Engineering the loadis positioned at that radius that causes the verticalmoment of the superstructure about the balance pointto go to zero.ballast: weights added to the fixed frame to create addi-tional stability or to counter the effects o

40、f the lifted load.bogie: the assembly that includes a pivot, frame, axle(s),and wheel(s) on which a crane rides on rails, andincludes an assembly of two or more axles arranged topermit both vertical wheel displacement and an equal-ization of loading on the wheels.brake: a device other than a motor u

41、sed for retarding orstopping motion by friction or power means.braking means: a method or device for retarding or stop-ping motion.buffer: an energy-absorbing device for reducing impactwhen a moving crane or trolley reaches the end of itspermitted travel.cab: a housing provided for the operator and

42、containingthe crane controls.control station: the location of the crane function controls,either cab-mounted or by remote control.counterweight: weights added to the rotating frame tocreate additional stability or to counter the effects of thelifted load.crane: in this Volume, the use of the word “c

43、rane” refersto self-erect cranes, which are lifting machines, mountedon a base, with a superstructure consisting of a mast,rotating frame, and a jib.crossover points: points of rope contact where one layerof rope on a rope drum crosses over the previous layer.designated person: a person selected or

44、assigned by theemployer or the employers representative as being com-petent to perform specific duties.ASME B30.29-2012Fig. 29-0.2.1-1 Types of Self-Erect Tower Cranes by Base Type2ASME B30.29-2012Fig. 29-0.2.1-2 Types of Self-Erect Tower Cranes by Mast Type3ASME B30.29-2012directsupervision: a desi

45、gnated operator in the immediatearea of the trainee, within visual sighting distance, andable to effectively communicate with the trainee. Thedesignated operator shall have no duties other thanobserving the operation of the crane by the trainee.dismantle: to fold/retract and disassemble crane forrem

46、oval or relocation.dog everything: apply or engage all brakes, locks, andpawls.drum: the cylindrical member around which rope iswound; used for multiple functions on the crane.dynamic loading: loads introduced into the machine or itscomponents due to accelerating or decelerating forces.ensure: the t

47、erm used when the meaning “take steps tosee that” or “make sure” is intended.equalizer: a device that compensates for unequal lengthof two or more supporting components.erection: assembly, setup, and initial configuration of thecrane.flange point: the point of contact between the rope anddrum flange

48、 where the rope changes layers on a ropedrum.folding jib: a multiple-section jib that folds or unfoldsinto the erected, reconfigured, or dismantled position.foldingmast: a multiple-section mast that folds or unfoldsinto the erected or dismantled position.gage, track: the horizontal distance between

49、two railsmeasured perpendicular to the rails.hoist mechanism: a hoist drum and rope reeving system;used for one or more functions on the crane.in-service: the condition of a crane ready for or engagedin work; an operator is at the controls.jib: the structural member attached to the mast of a craneon which the trolley travels when changing load radius.jobsite: area within the boundaries of the project wherethe crane is to be operated.limiting device: a mechanical or electrical device thatinteracts with some part of a power-driven machine orequipment to control loads or motions