ASME B30 3-2004 Construction Tower Cranes (B30 3 - 2004)《施工塔式起重机》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDConstruction Tower CranesASME B30.3-2004(Revision of ASME B30.3-1996)Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted

2、 without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30.3-2004(Revision of ASME B30.3-1996)ConstructionTower CranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under licens

3、e with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: November 15, 2004The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2007. There will be no addendaissued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning

4、interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http:/www.asme.org/codes/ as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of theStandard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Socie

5、ty of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an oppo

6、rtunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, pr

7、oprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters pa

8、tent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliat

9、ed with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations b

10、y individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2004 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MEC

11、HANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viB30 Series Introduction viiiSummary of Changes xiChapter

12、3-0 Scope, Definitions, and References . 1Section 3-0.1 Scope of B30.3 1Section 3-0.2 Definitions 1Section 3-0.3 References 8Chapter 3-1 Erection and Dismantling, Characteristics, and Construction 11Section 3-1.1 Site Preparation and Erection 11Section 3-1.2 Load Ratings . 14Section 3-1.3 Stability

13、14Section 3-1.4 Documentation . 15Section 3-1.5 Load Hoisting and Boom Luffing (Boom Hoist) Equipment . 16Section 3-1.6 Slewing (Swing) Mechanism . 17Section 3-1.7 Travel Equipment . 18Section 3-1.8 Climbing Equipment 18Section 3-1.9 Load Trolleys . 18Section 3-1.10 Brakes 18Section 3-1.11 Operator

14、Aids 19Section 3-1.12 Pendants, Stay Ropes, and Guys . 19Section 3-1.13 Reeving Accessories . 19Section 3-1.14 Counterweights and Ballast . 19Section 3-1.15 Controls 20Section 3-1.16 Electrical Equipment 20Section 3-1.17 Operators Cabs . 21Section 3-1.18 General Requirements . 21Chapter 3-2 Inspecti

15、on, Testing, and Maintenance . 23Section 3-2.1 Inspection 23Section 3-2.2 Testing . 24Section 3-2.3 Maintenance 25Section 3-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance . 25Chapter 3-3 Operation . 28Section 3-3.1 Qualifications for and Conduct of Operators and OperatingPractices 28Section 3-3.2

16、 Operating Practices . 29Section 3-3.3 Signals . 31Section 3-3.4 Miscellaneous . 32Figures1 Hammerhead Tower Crane Fixed-Base, Free-Standing Crane 22 Luffing Tower Crane Fixed-Base, Free-Standing Crane . 33 Travel Base for Free-Standing Crane . 44 Types of Fixed Bases 55 Guyed Tower Crane . 66 Brace

17、d Crane . 77 Internal Climbing Crane 98 Dead Ending Rope in a Socket 19iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-9 Core Failure in Rotation-Resistant Rope . 2610 Standard Hand Signals for

18、Controlling Construction Tower Cranes . 3411 Danger Zone for Cranes and Lifted Loads Operating Near ElectricalTransmission Lines . 35Table1 Required Clearance for Normal Voltage in Operation Near High-VoltagePower Lines 32ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for

19、ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (former

20、ly the United States of America Standards Institute). ThisStandard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards forCranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presentedto the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions

21、regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards As

22、sociation and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute), Department of LaborState of New Jersey, Department of Labor and Indus-tryState of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. On June 11,1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety Code C

23、orrelat-ing Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Department of theNavy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Secti

24、onal Committee was sent out October2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 nationalorganizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, was createdfrom the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This document

25、 was reaffirmedin 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the N

26、avy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organiza-tions.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate volumes (each complete as toconstruction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; a

27、nd operation) would coverthe different types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by the American National StandardsInstitute.This Standard presents a coord

28、inated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; co

29、mpliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only whe

30、n it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section III, before renderin

31、g decisions on disputed points.This volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, wasapproved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on January 22, 2004.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee

32、consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.vCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted wi

33、thout license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standards for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairB. D. Closson, Vice ChairJ. D. Wendler,

34、 SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, Northrop Grumman Ship SystemsW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, ManTech International Corp.R. E. Bluff, Gantry Constructors, Inc.R. J. Bolen, E. I. DuPontG. B. Hetherston, Alternate, E. I. DuPontA. D. Brown, A. D. Brown Co.L. D. DeMark, International Unio

35、n of Operating EngineersS. C. Buck, Alternate, International Union of Operating EngineersT. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, NACB Technical Services, Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Col

36、letti, John P. Colletti on the loads; on the acceleration or speedof the ropes, chains, sheaves, sprockets, or drums; onthe type of attachments; on the number, size, andarrangement of sheaves or other parts; on environmentalconditions causing corrosion or wear; and on many vari-ables that must be co

37、nsidered in each individual case.The rules given in the Standard must be interpretedaccordingly, and judgment used in determining theirapplication.Some of the provisions of this Standard require com-pliance with information found in manuals or other1B30.24, B30.26, B30.27, and B30.28 are in the deve

38、lopmentalstage.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-documents supplied by the manufacturer with theequipment. This information includes recommenda-tions, requirements, and instructions (

39、e.g., the reevingshall be checked for compliance with the recommenda-tions of the manufacturer).Compliance with the provisions should not precludethe possibility of consulting a qualified person. This istrue particularly when: the equipment has been altered,repaired, or modified; the manuals or docu

40、ments sup-plied by the manufacturer are no longer available; orthe manufacturer or a successor is no longer in businessand the manuals are no longer available. However, thepurpose of consulting a qualified person shall not be toavoid contacting the manufacturer and using the infor-mation supplied by

41、 the manufacturer.The Standards Committee will be glad to receive criti-cisms of this Standards requirements and suggestionsfor its improvement, especially those based on actualexperience in application of the rules.Suggestions for changes to the Standard should besubmitted to the Secretary of the B

42、30 Committee, ASME,Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016, and shouldbe in accordance with the following format:(a) cite the specific paragraph designation of the perti-nent volume;(b) indicate the suggested change (addition, deletion,revision, etc.);(c) briefly state the reason and/or evidence for t

43、hesuggested change;(d) submit suggested changes to more than one para-graph in the order that the paragraphs appear in thevolume.The B30 Committee will consider each suggestedchange in a timely manner in accordance with its proce-dures.SECTION I: SCOPEThis Standard applies to the construction, insta

44、llation,operation, inspection, and maintenance of jacks; power-operated cranes, monorails, and crane runways; power-operated and manually operated derricks and hoists;lifting devices, hooks, and slings; and cableways.This Standard does not apply to track and automotivejacks, railway or automobile wr

45、ecking cranes, shipboardcranes, shipboard cargo-handling equipment, well-drill-ing derricks, skip hoists, mine hoists, truck body hoists,car or barge pullers, conveyors, excavating equipment,or equipment falling within the scope of the followingCommittees: A10, A17, A90, A92, A120, B20, B56, andB77.

46、SECTION II: PURPOSEThis Standard is designed to:(a) guard against and minimize injury to workers,and otherwise provide for the protection of life, limb,ixand property by prescribing safety requirements;(b) provide direction to owners, employers, supervi-sors, and others concerned with, or responsibl

47、e for, itsapplication; and(c) guide governments and other regulatory bodiesin the development, promulgation, and enforcement ofappropriate safety directives.SECTION III: INTERPRETATIONSUpon request, the B30 Committee will render an inter-pretation of any requirement of the Standard. Interpreta-tions

48、 can only be rendered in response to a writtenrequest sent to the Secretary of the B30 Committee,ASME, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016.The request for interpretation should be clear andunambiguous. It is further recommended that theinquirer submit his request utilizing the followingformat.Subj

49、ect: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s)and provide a concise description.Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the pertinentvolume for which the interpretation is beingrequested.Question: Phrase the question as a request for an inter-pretation of a specific requirement suitablefor general understanding and use, not asa request for approval of a proprietarydesign or situ