ASME B30 3-2012 Tower Cranes (B30 3 - 2012)《塔式起重机》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B30.3-2012(Revision of ASME B30.3-2009)Tower CranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.3-2012(Revision of ASME B30.3-2009)Tower CranesSafety Standard for Cableways,Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks,and Slin

2、gsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: February 22, 2013The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2015. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning int

3、erpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued. Interpretations will also be included with each edition.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under

4、 the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available toautomatically r

5、eceive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code

6、 or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed

7、 code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME d

8、oes not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability

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10、preted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this docum

11、ent may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2013 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reserve

12、dPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viiB30 Standard Introduction . ixSummary of Changes xiiChapter 3-0 Scope, Definitions, and References 1Section 3-0.1 Scope of B30.3 1Section 3-0.2 Definitions 1Section 3-0.3 References 10Chapter 3-1 Erection, Climbing and Dismantling, Characteri

13、stics, andConstruction . 12Section 3-1.1 Design Requirements for the Load Bearing Structure . 12Section 3-1.2 Site Planning . 13Section 3-1.3 Crane Base Supports 13Section 3-1.4 General Erection and Dismantling Requirements . 14Section 3-1.5 Freestanding Cranes 15Section 3-1.6 Climbing Cranes 16Sect

14、ion 3-1.7 Pre-Operation Tests . 17Section 3-1.8 Altered or Modified Cranes . 18Section 3-1.9 Documentation . 18Section 3-1.10 Load Hoist and Luffing Boom Hoist Mechanisms 20Section 3-1.11 Hooks 21Section 3-1.12 Slewing (Swing) Mechanism . 21Section 3-1.13 Travel Equipment . 21Section 3-1.14 Climbing

15、 Equipment 22Section 3-1.15 Trolleys (Load) 22Section 3-1.16 Brakes 22Section 3-1.17 Operator Aids 22Section 3-1.18 Pendants, Stay Ropes, and Guys . 23Section 3-1.19 Reeving Accessories . 23Section 3-1.20 Counterweight and Ballast Blocks . 23Section 3-1.21 Controls 23Section 3-1.22 Electrical Equipm

16、ent 24Section 3-1.23 Operators Cabs . 24Section 3-1.24 General Requirements . 25Chapter 3-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 26Section 3-2.1 Inspection 26Section 3-2.2 Testing . 27Section 3-2.3 Maintenance 28Section 3-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance . 28Chapter 3-3 Operation 31

17、Section 3-3.1 Qualifications for and Conduct of Operators and OperatingPractices 31Section 3-3.2 Operating Practices . 35Section 3-3.3 Signals . 36Section 3-3.4 Miscellaneous . 37Figures3-0.2.1.2-1 Hammerhead Tower Crane Fixed-Base, Freestanding Crane . 2iii3-0.2.1.2-2 Guyed Tower Crane . 33-0.2.1.2

18、-3 Luffing Boom Tower Crane Fixed-Base, Freestanding Crane . 43-0.2.1.2-4 Braced Crane . 53-0.2.1.3-1 Internal Climbing Crane 63-0.2.1.4-1 Travel Base for Freestanding Crane 73-0.2.2-1 Types of Fixed Bases 83-2.4.2-1 Core Failure in Rotation-Resistant Rope . 293-3.3.4-1 Standard Hand Signals for Con

19、trolling Tower Cranes 383-3.4.3-1 Danger Zone for Cranes and Lifted Loads Operating Near ElectricalTransmission Lines . 40Table3-3.4.3-1 Required Clearance for Normal Voltage in Operation Near High-VoltagePower Lines 40ivFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes,

20、 Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI). This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 whenan eight-page “Code of Safety Standards for Cranes,” prepared by an ASME Committee on theProtection

21、of Industrial Workers, was presented at the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museu

22、m of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (AESC) later changed to American Standards Association (ASA), then to the UnitedStates of America Standards Institute (USASI), and finally to ANSI, Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor and Industry State of Pennsylvania

23、, and theLocomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. On June 11, 1925, AESC approved the ASME SafetyCode Correlating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S.Department of the Navy Bureau of Yards and Docks and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 or

24、ganizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent outOctober 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing29 national organizations.Commencing June 1, 1927, and using the eight-page cod

25、e published by ASME in 1916 as abasis, the Sectional Committee developed the “Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists.”The early drafts of this safety code included requirements for jacks but, due to inputs andcomments on those drafts, the Sectional Committee decided in 1938 to make the require

26、mentsfor jacks a separate code. In January 1943, ASA B30.2-1943 was published, addressing a multitudeof equipment types, and in August 1943, ASA B30.1-1943 was published, just addressing jacks.Both documents were reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as safety standards.Due to changes in design, ad

27、vancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Bureau of Yardsand Docks (now the Naval Facilities Engineering Command) was reorganized on January 31,1962, with 39 members representing 27 national orga

28、nizations.The new Committee changed the format of ASA B30.2-1943 so that the multitude of equipmenttypes it addressed could be published in separate volumes that could completely cover theconstruction, installation, inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation of each type of equip-ment that was

29、included in the scope of the ASA B30.2. This format change resulted in the initialpublication of B30.3, B30.5, B30.6, B30.11, and B30.16 being designated as “Revisions” of B30.2,with the remainder of the B30 volumes being published as totally new volumes. ASA changedits name to USASI in 1966 and to

30、ANSI in 1969, which resulted in B30 volumes from 1943 to1968 being designated as either ASA B30, USAS B30, or ANSI B30, depending on their date ofpublication.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by

31、the American National StandardsInstitute.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to acc

32、ident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal

33、requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,vadministrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee

34、, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX of the Introduction, before rendering decisions on disputedpoints.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing

35、environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.The first edition of B30.3 Construction Tower Cranes was published in 1975 as a “partialrevision” to B30.2-1943 (R1952) and was the first volume dedicated to tower cranes. New editionswere published, in 19

36、75, 1984, 1990, 1996, 2004, and 2009, with the 2009 edition revising the titleof B30.3 to Tower Cranes and reflecting the revised scope that now included both construction andpermanently mounted tower cranes (formerly addressed in B30.4). Responsibilities for members ofthe lifting team were also add

37、ed in that edition. This 2012 edition includes major changes andadditions to the scope of work for erecting, dismantling, and climbing, and takes into accountwind zone regions across the United States. Strength and stability requirements have also beenmodified to align with the new European standard

38、 EN 14439. The inspection section now includesrequirements for “Major Inspections” that are to be conducted at 60-month intervals. This editionis a complete rewrite of the 2009 edition and includes many new subjects and requirementsupdated to reflect the changing work environment in which tower cran

39、es operate.The edition of the B30.3 Volume was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, and wasapproved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on December 21, 2012.viASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is

40、 the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSL. D. Means, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp Steel USA, LLCC. M. Robison, Alternate, UT - Battelle/Oak Ridge National LabT. L.

41、 Blanton, NACB Group Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupC. Lucas, Alternate, The Crosby Group Inc.R. J. Bolen, ConsultantC. E. Cotton, Alternate, Navy Crane CenterM. E. Brunet, Manitowoc Cranes/The Manitowoc Crane GroupT. A. Christensen, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co.M. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty M

42、utual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic ServicesB. A. Pickett, Alternate, Forensic Engineering and Applied ScienceInstituteR. M. Cutshall, Savannah River Nuclear SolutionsJ. A. Danielson, Boeing Co.P. Boyd, Alternate, Boeing Co.L. D. DeMark, Sr., Equipment Training Solutions, LLCD. F. Jordan, Alter

43、nate, BP AmericaD. W. Eckstine, Eckstine and AssociatesH. G. Leidich, Alternate, Leidich Consulting Services Inc.R. J. Edwards, NBISA. J. Egging, National Oilwell VarcoC. W. Ireland, Alternate, National Oilwell VarcoE. D. Fidler, The Manitowoc Co.G. D. Miller, Alternate, Manitowoc CranesJ. L. Gordon

44、, Acco Chain and Lifting ProductsN. C. Hargreaves, Terex Corp.C. E. Imerman, Alternate, Link-Belt Construction Equipment Co.J. J. Headley, Crane Institute of America Inc.W. C. Dickinson, Alternate, Crane Industry Services, LLCG. B. Hetherston, E. I. DuPontJ. Greenwood, Alternate, Navy Crane CenterK.

45、 M. Hyam, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersD. C. Jackson, Tulsa Winch GroupM. M. Jaxtheimer, Navy Crane CenterS. R. Gridley, Alternate, Navy Crane CenterP. R. Juhren, Morrow Equipment Co. LLCviiM. J. Quinn, Alternate, Morrow Equipment Co., LLCR. M. Kohner, Landmark Engineering ServicesD.

46、Duerr, Alternate, 2DM Associates, Inc.C. E. Lucas, The Crosby Group Inc.A. J. Lusi, Jr., LuMark ConsultingD. W. Frantz, Alternate, Ohio Operating Engineers Local 18E. K. Marburg, Columbus McKinnon Corp.D. K. Huber, Alternate, Columbus McKinnon Corp.L. D. Means, Means Engineering and ConsultingD. A.

47、Henninger, Alternate, Bridon AmericanD. L. Morgan, Mission Support AllianceC. E. Brewer, Alternate, Mission Support AllianceG. L. Owens, ConsultantR. M. Parnell, Industrial Training International, Inc.J. T. Perkins, Engineering ConsultantJ. R. Schober, Alternate, American Bridge Co.J. E. Richardson,

48、 U.S. Department of the NavyK. Kennedy, Alternate, Navy Crane CenterD. W. Ritchie, Dave Ritchie Consultant LLCJ. W. Rowland III, ConsultantD. A. Moore, Alternate, Unified EngineeringJ. C. Ryan, Boh Bros. Construction Co.A. R. Ruud, Alternate, Atkinson ConstructionD. W. Smith, Chicago Bridge however,

49、 the requirements of this Volume are only appli-cable to the cranes within this scope when they areused in lifting operations. Mobile cranes configured withtower attachments (refer to ASME B30.5) andself-erecting tower cranes (refer to ASME B30.29) arenot within the scope of this Volume.SECTION 3-0.2: DEFINITIONS3-0.2.1 Types of Cranes3-0.2.1.1 By Type of Applicationconstruction tower crane: a hammerhead, luffing, or othertype of tower crane that is regularly assembled anddisassembled for use at various sites. It is usually charac-terized by provisions to facilitate erection