ASME B30 3-2016 Tower Cranes《塔式起重机》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B30.3-2016(Revision of ASME B30.3-2012)Tower CranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.3-2016(Revision of ASME B30.3-2012)Tower CranesSafety Standard for Cableways,Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks,and Slin

2、gsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: March 14, 2016The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2019. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interp

3、retations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the Committee Web page and under go.asme.org/InterpsDatabase.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct

4、 typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available toautomatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard.Th

5、is option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for Ameri

6、can NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an oppor

7、tunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in

8、connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of

9、 any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts respon

10、sibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without

11、 the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2016 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viiB30 Standard Introduction . ixSu

12、mmary of Changes xiiChapter 3-0 Scope, Definitions, References, and Personnel Competence . 1Section 3-0.1 Scope of B30.3 1Section 3-0.2 Definitions 1Section 3-0.3 References 10Section 3-0.4 Personnel Competence 11Chapter 3-1 Erection, Climbing and Dismantling, Characteristics, andConstruction . 12Se

13、ction 3-1.1 Design Requirements for the Load Bearing Structure . 12Section 3-1.2 Site Planning . 13Section 3-1.3 Crane Base Supports 13Section 3-1.4 General Erection and Dismantling Requirements . 14Section 3-1.5 Freestanding Cranes 15Section 3-1.6 Climbing Cranes 16Section 3-1.7 Preoperation Tests

14、17Section 3-1.8 Altered or Modified Cranes . 18Section 3-1.9 Documentation . 18Section 3-1.10 Load Hoist and Luffing Boom Hoist Mechanisms 20Section 3-1.11 Hooks 21Section 3-1.12 Slewing (Swing) Mechanism . 21Section 3-1.13 Travel Equipment . 21Section 3-1.14 Climbing Equipment 22Section 3-1.15 Trol

15、leys (Load) 22Section 3-1.16 Brakes 22Section 3-1.17 Operator Aids 22Section 3-1.18 Pendants, Stay Ropes, and Guys . 23Section 3-1.19 Reeving Accessories . 23Section 3-1.20 Counterweight and Ballast Blocks . 23Section 3-1.21 Controls 23Section 3-1.22 Electrical Equipment 24Section 3-1.23 Operators C

16、abs . 24Section 3-1.24 General Requirements . 25Chapter 3-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 26Section 3-2.1 Inspection 26Section 3-2.2 Testing . 27Section 3-2.3 Maintenance 28Section 3-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance . 28Chapter 3-3 Operation 31Section 3-3.1 Qualifications for

17、 and Conduct of Operators and OperatingPractices 31Section 3-3.2 Operating Practices . 35Section 3-3.3 Signals . 36Section 3-3.4 Miscellaneous . 37iiiFigures3-0.2.1.2-1 Hammerhead Tower Crane Fixed-Base, Freestanding Crane . 23-0.2.1.2-2 Guyed Tower Crane . 33-0.2.1.2-3 Luffing Boom Tower Crane Fixe

18、d-Base, Freestanding Crane . 43-0.2.1.3-1 Braced Crane . 53-0.2.1.3-2 Internal Climbing Crane 63-0.2.1.4-1 Travel Base for Freestanding Crane 73-0.2.2-1 Types of Fixed Bases 83-2.4.2-1 Core Failure in Rotation-Resistant Rope . 293-3.3.4-1 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Tower Cranes 383-3.4.3-

19、1 Danger Zone for Cranes and Lifted Loads Operating Near ElectricTransmission Lines . 40Table3-3.4.3-1 Required Clearance for Normal Voltage in Operation Near High-VoltagePower Lines 40ivFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, an

20、d Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI). This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 whenan eight-page “Code of Safety Standards for Cranes,” prepared by an ASME Committee on theProtection of Industrial Workers, was present

21、ed at the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineer

22、ing StandardsCommittee (AESC) later changed to American Standards Association (ASA), then to the UnitedStates of America Standards Institute (USASI), and finally to ANSI, Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor and Industry State of Pennsylvania, and theLocomotive Crane Manufact

23、urers Association. On June 11, 1925, AESC approved the ASME SafetyCode Correlating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S.Department of the Navy Bureau of Yards and Docks and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representat

24、ives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent outOctober 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing29 national organizations.Commencing June 1, 1927, and using the eight-page code published by ASME in 1916 as aba

25、sis, the Sectional Committee developed the “Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists.”The early drafts of this safety code included requirements for jacks but, due to inputs andcomments on those drafts, the Sectional Committee decided in 1938 to make the requirementsfor jacks a separate code. In

26、 January 1943, ASA B30.2-1943 was published, addressing a multitudeof equipment types, and in August 1943, ASA B30.1-1943 was published, just addressing jacks.Both documents were reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as safety standards.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and gener

27、al interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Bureau of Yardsand Docks (now the Naval Facilities Engineering Command) was reorganized on January 31,1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organizations.The new Committee change

28、d the format of ASA B30.2-1943 so that the multitude of equipmenttypes it addressed could be published in separate volumes that could completely cover theconstruction, installation, inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation of each type of equip-ment that was included in the scope of the ASA B

29、30.2. This format change resulted in the initialpublication of B30.3, B30.5, B30.6, B30.11, and B30.16 being designated as “Revisions” of B30.2,with the remainder of the B30 volumes being published as totally new volumes. ASA changedits name to USASI in 1966 and to ANSI in 1969, which resulted in B3

30、0 volumes from 1943 to1968 being designated as either ASA B30, USAS B30, or ANSI B30, depending on their date ofpublication.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by the American National StandardsIns

31、titute.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as

32、mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofo

33、ther devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,vadministrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format des

34、cribed in Section IX of the Introduction, before rendering decisions on disputedpoints.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. R

35、evisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.The first edition of B30.3 Construction Tower Cranes was published in 1975 as a “partialrevision” to B30.2-1943 (R1952) and was the first volume dedicated to tower cranes. New editionswere published, in 1975, 1984, 1990, 1996, 2004, and 20

36、09, with the 2009 edition revising the titleof B30.3 to Tower Cranes and reflecting the revised scope that now included both construction andpermanently mounted tower cranes (formerly addressed in B30.4). Responsibilities for members ofthe lifting team were also added in that edition. The 2012 editi

37、on was a complete rewrite of the2009 edition and included many new subjects and requirements updated to reflect the changingwork environment in which tower cranes operate. Major changes were made to the scope ofwork for erecting, dismantling, and climbing and takes into account wind zone regions acr

38、ossthe United States. Strength and stability requirements were modified to align with the newEuropean standard EN 14439. This 2016 Edition includes minor revisions throughout the book,including the addition of personnel competence.The edition of the B30.3 Volume was approved by the B30 Committee and

39、 by ASME, and wasapproved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on February 3, 2016.viASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS

40、COMMITTEE OFFICERSB. D. Closson, ChairT. L. Blanton, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, LTS Cranes MechanicalM. Eggenberger, Alternate, Berry Contracting, Inc.G. Austin, Terex Corp.T. L. Blanton, NACB Group, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupE. E. Lutter, Alt

41、ernate, The Crosby GroupP. W. Boyd, The Boeing Co.M. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.A. L. Calta, Alternate, The Manitowoc Co.B. D. Closson, Craft Forensic ServicesJ. A. Danielson, The Boeing Co.B. M. Casey, Alternate, General Dynamics Electric BoatD. Decker, Becket, LLCL. D. DeMark, Equipment Training

42、Solutions, LLCD. F. Jordan, Alternate, BP AmericaD. W. Eckstine, Eckstine authorized;designated person; and truck, traveldeleted(2) Definitions for base, traveling; climbing;counterjib; and operational aid revised(3) Definitions for climbing cross memberand normal operating condition addedSection 3-

43、0.3 UpdatedSection 3-0.4 Added4 Figure 3-0.2.1.2-3 Revised5 Figure 3-0.2.1.3-1 Revised6 Figure 3-0.2.1.3-2 Revised7 Figure 3-0.2.1.4-1 Revised8 Figure 3-0.2.2-1 Revised15 Section 3-1.5 Subparagraphs (i), (j)(1)(-c), and (j)(1)(-f)revised21 3-1.13.2 Revised in its entirety22 3-1.17 Subparagraph (a)(2

44、) revised31 3-3.1.1 Subparagraph (a)(2) revised32 3-3.1.3 (1) Subparagraph (c) revised(2) Subparagraphs (m), (n), (o), and (q)deleted, and subpara. (p)redesignated33, 34 3-3.1.4.1.1 Subparagraph (a) revised3-3.1.4.1.2 Subparagraphs (k) through (n) added3-3.1.4.2.1 Subparagraph (j) revised3-3.1.4.3 T

45、itle revisedxiiPage Location Change35, 36 3-3.2.1 Subparagraphs (a)(3), (b)(4)(-a), and (e)(1)revised3-3.3.1 Subparagraph (a) revised37 3-3.3.5 First paragraph revisedxiiiINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKxivASME B30.3-2016TOWER CRANESChapter 3-0Scope, Definitions, References, and Personnel CompetenceSECTION

46、3-0.1: SCOPE OF B30.3Within the general scope of the B30 Standard, asdefined in Section I of the B30 Standard Introduction,the B30.3 Volume applies to “construction tower cranes”and “permanently mounted tower cranes” that are pow-ered by electric motors or internal combustion enginesand that adjust

47、their operating radius by means of aluffing boom mechanism, a trolley traversing a hori-zontal jib, or a combination of the two. The cranes maybe mounted on “fixed bases” or “traveling bases” andmay have tower and supporting structure arrangementsthat permit the crane to climb in a structure being b

48、uiltor that permits increasing the cranes tower height asthe structure rises. Variations of the above physical char-acteristics that provide the same fundamental operatingcharacteristics are included in the scope of this Volume;however, the requirements of this Volume are only appli-cable to the cra

49、nes within this scope when they areused in lifting operations. Mobile cranes configured withtower attachments (refer to ASME B30.5) andself-erecting tower cranes (refer to ASME B30.29) arenot within the scope of this Volume.SECTION 3-0.2: DEFINITIONS3-0.2.1 Types of Cranes3-0.2.1.1 By Type of Applicationconstruction tower crane: a hammerhead, luffing, or othertype of tower crane that is regularly assembled anddisassembled for use at various sites. It is usually charac-terized by provisions to facilitate erection and disman-tling and may include features to permit climbing or