ASME B30 5-2007 Mobile and Locomotive Cranes (B30 5 - 2007)《汽车起重机和机车起重机》.pdf

1、Mobile and Locomotive CranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B30.5-2007(Revision of ASME B30.5-2004)Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permi

2、tted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30.5-2007(Revision of ASME B30.5-2004)Mobile andLocomotiveCranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under

3、license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: March 7, 2008The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2010. There will be no addendaissued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerni

4、ng interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition ofthe Standard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Socie

5、ty of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an oppo

6、rtunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, pr

7、oprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters pa

8、tent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliat

9、ed with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations b

10、y individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2008 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MEC

11、HANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viiB30 Standard Introduction . ixSummary of Changes xiiCha

12、pter 5-0 Scope, Definitions, and References . 1Section 5-0.1 Scope of B30.5 . 1Section 5-0.2 Definitions 1Section 5-0.3 References . 7Chapter 5-1 Construction and Characteristics . 8Section 5-1.1 Load Ratings 8Section 5-1.2 Stability (Backward and Forward) 9Section 5-1.3 Boom Hoist, Load Hoist, and

13、Telescoping Boom Mechanisms . 14Section 5-1.4 Swing Mechanism . 15Section 5-1.5 Crane Travel . 15Section 5-1.6 Controls . 15Section 5-1.7 Ropes and Reeving Accessories 18Section 5-1.8 Cabs 19Section 5-1.9 General Requirements 20Section 5-1.10 Structural Performance . 21Section 5-1.11 Cranes Used for

14、 Other Than Lifting Service 22Chapter 5-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 23Section 5-2.1 Inspection General 23Section 5-2.2 Testing 24Section 5-2.3 Maintenance . 25Section 5-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance 25Chapter 5-3 Operation. 28Section 5-3.1 Qualifications and Responsibi

15、lities . 28Section 5-3.2 Operating Practices 32Section 5-3.3 Signals 35Section 5-3.4 Miscellaneous . 35Figures1 Commercial Truck-Mounted Crane Telescoping Boom 12 Commercial Truck-Mounted Crane Nontelescoping Boom 23 Crawler Crane . 24 Crawler Crane Telescoping Boom . 25 Locomotive Crane . 36 Wheel-

16、Mounted Crane (Multiple Control Stations) 37 Wheel-Mounted Crane Telescoping Boom (MultipleControl Stations) 48 Wheel-Mounted Crane (Single Control Station) . 49 Wheel-Mounted Crane Telescoping Boom (SingleControl Station, Rotating) 410 Wheel-Mounted Crane Telescoping Boom (SingleControl Station, Fi

17、xed) . 511 Work Areas 1012 Telescopic Boom Crane Control Diagram . 1613 Nontelescopic Boom Crane Control Diagram . 17iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-14 Dead Ending Rope in a Soc

18、ket . 1915 Core Failure in 19 H11547 7 Rotation-Resistant Rope . 2616 Examples of Typical Unequal Outrigger Extension Positions . 3417 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Crane Operations . 3618 Danger Zone for Cranes and Lifted Loads Operating NearElectrical Transmission Lines . 39Tables1 Crane L

19、oad Ratings 82 Required Clearance for Normal Voltage in Operation NearHigh-Voltage Power Lines and Operation in Transit With NoLoad and Boom or Mast Lowered 41ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license

20、from IHS-,-,-FOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute). ThisStan

21、dard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards forCranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presentedto the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held fro

22、m 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute), Dep

23、artment of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project

24、 with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October2, 1926, and the committee or

25、ganized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 nationalorganizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, was createdfrom the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This document was reaffirmedin 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.

26、Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee

27、on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organiza-tions.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate volumes (each complete as toconstruction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) would coverthe different types of equipment includ

28、ed in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by the American National StandardsInstitute.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand o

29、ther regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their em

30、ployees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection i

31、s thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section III of the Introduction, before rendering decisions on disputedpoints.Safety codes a

32、nd standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.vCopyright ASME International Provided b

33、y IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Suggestions for the improvement of this volume of the Standard are welcome. They shouldbe addressed to The American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Secretary, B30 Main Committee;Three Pa

34、rk Avenue; New York, NY 10016-5990.This volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, wasapproved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on November 20, 2007.viCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reprod

35、uction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standards for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks,Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairB. D.

36、Closson, Vice ChairJ. D. Wendler, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, Northrop Grumman Ship SystemsW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, ManTech International Corp.R. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.R. J. Bolen, ConsultantG. B. Hetherston, Alternate, E. I. du Pont de Nemours no other pers

37、ons, except those appointed, areto be on the crane.ground- or floor-operated cranes: conditions duringwhich a crane is performing functions within the manu-facturers operating recommendations. Under these con-ditions, the operator is at the operating control devicesthat are mounted to the crane but

38、operated with theoperator off the crane; no other persons, except thoseappointed, are to be on the crane.remote-operatedcranes: conditions during which a craneis performing functions within the manufacturersoperating recommendations. Under these conditions,the operator is at the operating control de

39、vices that arenot mounted to any part of the crane; no other persons,except those appointed, are to be on the crane.operational aid: an accessory that provides informationto facilitate operation of a crane or that takes control ofparticular functions without action of the operator whena limiting con

40、dition is sensed. Examples of such devicesinclude, but are not limited to, the following: antitwo-block device, rated capacity indicator, rated capacity(load) limiter, boom angle or radius indicator, latticeboom hoist disconnect device, boom length indicator,crane level indicator, drum rotation indi

41、cator, load indi-cator, and wind speed indicator.outriggers: extendable or fixed members attached to themounting base, which rest on supports at the outer endsused to support the crane.pawl (dog): a device for positively holding a memberagainst motion in one or more directions.payload: that load or

42、loads being transported by the com-mercial truck chassis from place to place.pendant: a rope or strand of specified length with fixedend connections.power-controlledlowering: a system or device in the powertrain, other than the load hoist brake, that can controlthe lowering rate of speed of the load

43、 hoist mechanism.6qualified operator: an operator who has met the require-ments of paras. 5-3.1.2(a) through (c).qualified person: a person who, by possession of a recog-nized degree in an applicable field or certificate of pro-fessional standing, or who, by extensive knowledge,training, and experie

44、nce, has successfully demonstratedthe ability to solve or resolve problems relating to thesubject matter and work.rail clamp: a tong-like metal device mounted on a loco-motive crane car, which can be connected to the track.rated capacity indicator: a device that automatically moni-tors radius, load

45、weight, and load rating and warns thecrane operator of an overload condition.rated capacity (load) limiter: a device that automaticallymonitors radius, load weight, and load rating and pre-vents movements of the crane, which would result inan overload condition.reeving: a rope system in which the ro

46、pe travels arounddrums and sheaves.repetitive pickup point: when operating on a short cycleoperation, the rope being used on a single layer andbeing spooled repetitively over a short portion of thedrum.rope: refers to wire rope unless otherwise specified.rotation-resistant rope: a wire rope consisti

47、ng of an innerlayer of strand laid in one direction covered by a layerof strand laid in the opposite direction. This has theeffect of counteracting torque by reducing the tendencyof the finished rope to rotate.running rope: a rope that travels around sheaves ordrums.shall: term used to indicate that

48、 a rule is mandatory andmust be followed.should: term used to indicate that a rule is a recommenda-tion, the advisability of which depends on the facts ineach situation.side loading: a load applied to an angle to the verticalplane of the boom.stabilizer: stabilizers are extendable or fixed membersat

49、tached to the mounting base to increase the stabilityof the crane, but that may not have the capability ofrelieving all of the weight from wheels or tracks.standby crane: a crane that is not in regular service butthat is used occasionally or intermittently as required.standing (guy) rope: a supporting rope that maintains aconstant distance between the points of attachm