ASME B30 5-2014 Mobile and Locomotive Cranes (Includes Interpretations Through May 2013)《汽车起重机和机车起重机》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B30.5-2014(Revision of ASME B30.5-2011)Mobile and Locomotive CranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.5-2014(Revision of ASME B30.5-2011)Mobile andLocomotiveCranesSafety Standard for Cableways,Cranes, Derricks,

2、 Hoists, Hooks, Jacks,and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: December 31, 2014The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2019. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written repli

3、es to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued. Interpretations will also be included with each edition.Errata to codes and standards may be pos

4、ted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/. There is an opti

5、on available toautomatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of

6、Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunit

7、y to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, propriet

8、ary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent,

9、nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated wi

10、th industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by ind

11、ividuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2014 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL

12、 ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viiB30 Standard Introduction . ixSummary of Changes xiiChapter 5-0 Scope, Definitions, Personnel Competence, and References . 1Section 5-0.1 Scope of B30.5 1Section 5-0.2 Definitions 1Section 5-0.3 Personnel Competenc

13、e 7Section 5-0.4 References 7Chapter 5-1 Construction and Characteristics 8Section 5-1.1 Load Ratings and Technical Information . 8Section 5-1.2 Stability (Backward and Forward) . 13Section 5-1.3 Boom Hoist, Load Hoist, and Telescoping Boom Mechanisms . 14Section 5-1.4 Swing Mechanism 15Section 5-1.

14、5 Crane Travel 15Section 5-1.6 Controls 16Section 5-1.7 Ropes and Reeving Accessories 16Section 5-1.8 Cabs 20Section 5-1.9 General Requirements . 21Section 5-1.10 Structural Performance 22Section 5-1.11 Cranes Used for Other Than Lifting Service 22Section 5-1.12 Translations of Safety-Related Inform

15、ation and ControlDesignations . 23Chapter 5-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 24Section 5-2.1 Inspection General . 24Section 5-2.2 Testing . 25Section 5-2.3 Maintenance 26Section 5-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance . 27Chapter 5-3 Operation 30Section 5-3.1 Qualifications and Res

16、ponsibilities . 30Section 5-3.2 Operating Practices . 34Section 5-3.3 Signals . 38Section 5-3.4 Miscellaneous . 38Figures5-0.2.1-1 Commercial Truck-Mounted Crane Telescoping Boom . 25-0.2.1-2 Commercial Truck-Mounted Crane Nontelescoping Boom . 25-0.2.1-3 Crawler Crane 25-0.2.1-4 Crawler Crane Teles

17、coping Boom . 25-0.2.1-5 Locomotive Crane 35-0.2.1-6 Wheel-Mounted Crane (Multiple Control Stations) . 35-0.2.1-7 Wheel-Mounted Crane Telescoping Boom (MultipleControl Stations) 45-0.2.1-8 Wheel-Mounted Crane (Single Control Station) 45-0.2.1-9 Wheel-Mounted Crane Telescoping Boom (SingleControl Sta

18、tion, Rotating) . 45-0.2.1-10 Wheel-Mounted Crane Telescoping Boom (SingleControl Station, Fixed) 5iii5-1.1.3-1 Work Areas . 105-1.6.1-1 Telescopic Boom Crane Control Diagram 175-1.6.1-2 Nontelescopic Boom Crane Control Diagram . 185-1.7.3-1 Dead Ending Rope in a Socket 205-2.4.2-1 Core Failure in 1

19、9 H11547 7 Rotation-Resistant Rope 275-3.2.1.5-1 Examples of Typical Unequal Outrigger Extension Positions 365-3.3.4-1 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Crane Operations 395-3.4.5.1-1 Danger Zone for Cranes and Lifted Loads Operating NearElectrical Transmission Lines 42Tables5-1.1.1-1 Crane Load

20、 Ratings . 85-3.4.5.1-1 Required Clearance for Normal Voltage in Operation NearHigh-Voltage Power Lines and Operation in Transit With NoLoad and Boom or Mast Lowered . 44Nonmandatory AppendixA Critical Lifts 47ivFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks

21、, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI). This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 whenan eight-page Code of Safety Standards for Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on theProtection of Industri

22、al Workers, was presented at the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety

23、, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (AESC) later changed to American Standards Association (ASA), then to the UnitedStates of America Standards Institute (USASI), and finally to ANSI, Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor and Industry State of Pennsylvania, and the L

24、ocomo-tive Crane Manufacturers Association. On June 11, 1925, AESC approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizat

25、ions to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 nationalorganizations. Commencing June 1, 1927, and using the eight-page code publ

26、ished by ASME in1916 as a basis, the Sectional Committee developed the “Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, andHoists.” The early drafts of this safety code included requirements for jacks but, due to inputsand comments on those drafts, the Sectional Committee decided in 1938 to make the requirementsf

27、or jacks a separate code. In January 1943, ASA B30.2-1943 was published addressing a multitudeof equipment types and in August 1943, ASA B30.1-1943 was published just addressing Jacks.Both documents were reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as safety standards.Due to changes in design, advancement

28、 in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Bureau of Yardsand Docks (now the Naval Facilities Engineering Command), was reorganized on January 31,1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organization

29、s. The new committee changed theformat of ASA B30.2-1943 so that the multitude of equipment types it addressed could be publishedin separate volumes that could completely cover the construction, installation, inspection, testing,maintenance, and operation of each type of equipment that was included

30、in the scope of ASA B30.2.This format change resulted in the initial publication of B30.3, B30.5, B30.6, B30.11, and B30.16being designated as “Revisions” of B30.2 with the remainder of the B30 volumes being publishedas totally new volumes. ASA changed its name to USASI in 1966 and to ANSI in 1969,

31、whichresulted in B30 volumes from 1943 to 1968 being designated as “ASA B30,”“USAS B30” or “ANSI B30” depending on their date of publication.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI. This Standa

32、rd presents a coordi-nated set of rules that may serve as a guide to government and other regulatory bodies andmunicipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspection of the equipment falling withinits scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention are given both as mandatory andadv

33、isory provisions; compliance with both types may be required by employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or

34、methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee in accordancewith the format described in Section

35、IX of the Introduction, before rendering decisions on disputedpoints.vSafety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not i

36、mply that previous editions were inadequate.The ASME B30.5-2007 edition added responsibilities to be assigned in the work site organization.The 2011 edition included minor revisions and the addition of the Nonmandatory Appendix Aon critical lifts. This 2014 edition incorporates many global B30 chang

37、es including the additionof personnel competence and translation requirements as well as other revisions made throughoutthe document.This edition of the B30.5 Volume was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, and wasapproved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on September 5,

38、 2014.viASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSL. D. Means, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMM

39、ITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp Steel USA, LLCC. M. Robison, Alternate, UT Battelle / Oak Ridge NationalLaboratoryG. Austin, Terex Corp.T. L. Blanton, NACB Group, Inc.R. Ohman, Alternate, Verde Concept, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby Group, Inc.C. E. Lucas, Alternate, The Crosby Group, Inc

40、.R. J. Bolen, ConsultantC. E. Cotton, Alternate, Navy Crane CenterM. E. Brunet, Manitowoc Cranes/The Manitowoc Crane GroupA. L. Calta, Alternate, Manitowoc Crane GroupB. Closson, Craft Forensic ServiceB. A. Pickett, Alternate, Forensic Engineering previous para. 5-3.2.3renumbered to 5-3.2.4xiiiPage

41、Location Change45 5-3.4.5.5 Subparagraph (c) reference to para.5-3.4.5.5(a) corrected by errata5-3.4.6 Added and subsequent paragraphsrenumberedSPECIAL NOTE:The interpretations to ASME B30.5 are included in this edition as a separate section for the usersconvenience.xivASME B30.5-2014MOBILE AND LOCO

42、MOTIVE CRANESChapter 5-0Scope, Definitions, Personnel Competence, and ReferencesSECTION 5-0.1: SCOPE OF B30.5Within the general scope defined in Section I,American National Standard B30.5 applies to crawlercranes, locomotive cranes, wheel-mounted cranes, andany variations thereof that retain the sam

43、e fundamentalcharacteristics. The scope includes only cranes of theabove types that are basically powered by internal com-bustion engines or electric motors. Side boom tractorsand cranes designed for railway and automobile wreckclearance, digger derricks, cranes manufactured specifi-cally for, or wh

44、en used for, energized electrical line ser-vice, knuckle boom, trolley boom cranes, and craneshaving a maximum rated capacity of one ton or less areexcluded.Special adaptions to the general types of machinescovered by this Volume, where applicable, fall underthis scope.Some basic machine types withi

45、n this scope are usedalternatively for lifting service and for applications notconsidered to be lifting service. All of the requirementsof this Volume are applicable to such machines whenused for lifting service. However, at a minimum,Section 5-1.11, Chapter 5-2, and Section 5-3.1 of thisVolume appl

46、y to machines when used in other thanlifting service.SECTION 5-0.2: DEFINITIONS5-0.2.1 Types of Mobile and Locomotive Cranescommercial truck-mounted crane: a crane consisting of arotating superstructure (center post or turntable), boom,operating machinery, and one or more operators sta-tions mounted

47、 on a frame attached to a commercial truckchassis, usually retaining a payload hauling capabilitywhose power source usually powers the crane. Its func-tion is to lift, lower, and swing loads at various radii(see Figs. 5-0.2.1-1 and 5-0.2.1-2).crawler crane: a crane consisting of a rotating superstru

48、c-ture with a power plant, operating machinery, andboom, mounted on a base and equipped with crawlertreads for travel. Its function is to lift, lower, and swingloads at various radii (see Figs. 5-0.2.1-3 and 5-0.2.1-4).1locomotive crane: a crane consisting of a rotating super-structure with a power

49、plant, operating machinery, andboom, mounted on a base or car equipped for travel ona railroad track. It may be self-propelled or propelledby an outside source. Its function is to lift, lower, andswing loads at various radii (see Fig. 5-0.2.1-5).wheel-mounted crane (multiple control stations): acraneconsisting of a rotating superstructure, operatingmachinery, and operators station and boom, mountedon a crane carrier equipped with axles and rubber-tiredwheels for travel, a power source(s), and having separatestations for driving and operating. Its function is to l