ASME B30 6-2010 Derricks (B30 6 - 2010)《吊杆式起货设备》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B30.6-2010(Revision of ASME B30.6-2003)DerricksSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USAINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKASME B30.6-2010(Revision of ASME B30.6-2003)DerricksSafety Standard for Ca

2、bleways, Cranes,Derricks,Hoists,Hooks,Jacks,andSlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: June 30, 2010The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2015. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance. There

3、 will be no addenda issued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued, and will also be published wi

4、thin the next edition of theStandard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was

5、 balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailableforpublicreviewandcommentthatprovidesanopportunityforadditionalpublicinputfromindustry,academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-lar

6、ge.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizin

7、g a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibil

8、ity.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME

9、 procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park

10、Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2010 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommitteeRoster . vIntroduction. viiSummaryofChanges xChapter 6-0 Scope, Definitions, and References. 1Section6-0.1 ScopeofB30.6 . 1Section6-0.2 Definiti

11、ons 1Section6-0.3 References . 6Chapter 6-1 Construction and Installation 7Section6-1.1 LoadRatings 7Section6-1.2 Construction. 7Section6-1.3 RopesandReevingAccessories 8Section6-1.4 AnchoringandGuying 9Section6-1.5 HoistsandSwingers . 9Section6-1.6 GeneralRequirements 9Chapter 6-2 Inspection, Testi

12、ng, and Maintenance 10Section6-2.1 Inspection . 10Section6-2.2 Testing 11Section6-2.3 Maintenance . 11Section6-2.4 RopeInspection,Replacement,andMaintenance 12Chapter 6-3 Operation. 14Section6-3.1 QualificationsforandConductofDirectorandOperatingPractices . 14Section6-3.2 OperatorQualificationsandOp

13、eratingPractices 14Section6-3.3 HandlingtheLoad. 15Section6-3.4 Signals 17Section6-3.5 Miscellaneous . 20Figures6-0.2.1-1 A-FrameDerrick . 16-0.2.1-2 BasketDerrick . 26-0.2.1-3 BreastDerrick . 26-0.2.1-4 ChicagoBoomDerrick . 36-0.2.1-5 GinPoleDerrick . 36-0.2.1-6 GuyDerrick . 46-0.2.1-7 ShearlegDerr

14、ick . 56-0.2.1-8 StifflegDerrick 56-1.3.5-1 DeadEndingRopeinaSocket . 96-3.4.2-1 StandardHandSignalsforControllingDerricks 186-3.5.3-1 DangerZoneforDerricksandLiftedLoadsOperatingNearElectricalTransmissionLines 21Table6-3.5.3-1 RequiredClearanceforNormalVoltageinOperationNearHigh-VoltagePowerLines .

15、 22iiiFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks,Jacks,andSlings,hasbeendevelopedundertheproceduresaccreditedbytheAmericanNational Standards Institute (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute). ThisStandardhaditsbeginningi

16、nDecember1916whenaneight-pageCodeofSafetyStandardsforCranes,preparedbyanASMECommitteeontheProtectionofIndustrialWorkers,waspresentedtotheannualmeetingoftheASME.Meetingsanddiscussionsregardingsafetyoncranes,derricks,andhoistswereheldfrom1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committe

17、e, the Association of Iron andSteelElectricalEngineers,theAmericanMuseumofSafety,theAmericanEngineeringStandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State o

18、f Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune11,1925,theAmericanEngineeringStandardsCommitteeapprovedtheASMESafetyCodeCorrelatingCommitteesrecommendationandauthorizedtheprojectwiththeU.S.DepartmentoftheNavy,BureauofYardsandDocks,andASMEassponsors.In March 1926, invitatio

19、ns were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectionalCommittee.ThecallfororganizationofthisSectionalCommitteewassentoutOctober2,1926,andthecommitteeorganizedNovember4,1926,with57membersrepresenting29nationalorganizations. The SafetyCode for Cranes, Derricks,and Hoists, ASA B30.

20、2-1943,was createdfromtheeight-pagedocumentreferredtointhefirstparagraph.Thisdocumentwasreaffirmedin1952andwidelyacceptedasasafetystandard.Duetochangesindesign,advancementintechniques,andgeneralinterestoflaborandindustryinsafety,theSectionalCommittee,underthejointsponsorshipofASMEandtheNavalFaciliti

21、esEngineeringCommand,U.S.DepartmentoftheNavy,wasreorganizedasanAmericanNationalStandardsCommitteeonJanuary31,1962,with39membersrepresenting27nationalorganizations.Theformatofthepreviouscodewaschangedsothatseparatestandards(eachcompleteastoconstructionandinstallation;inspection,testing,andmaintenance

22、;andoperation)wouldcoverthedifferenttypesofequipmentincludedinthescopeofB30.In1982,theCommitteewasreorganizedasanAccreditedOrganizationCommittee,operatingunderproceduresdevelopedbytheASMEandaccreditedbytheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may s

23、erve as a guide to governmentandotherregulatorybodiesandmunicipalauthoritiesresponsiblefortheguardingandinspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregivenbothasmandatoryandadvisoryprovisions;compliancewithbothtypesmayberequiredbyemployersofth

24、eiremployees.Incaseofpracticaldifficulties,newdevelopments,orunnecessaryhardship,theadministrativeor regulatoryauthority maygrant variancesfrom theliteral requirementsor permitthe useofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotectionistherebysecure

25、d.TosecureuniformapplicationandinterpretationofthisStandard,administrativeorregulatoryauthoritiesareurgedtoconsulttheB30Committee,inaccordancewiththeformatdescribedinSectionIX,beforerenderingdecisionsondisputedpoints.ThisVolumeoftheStandardcontainsminorrevisionsthatwereapprovedbytheB30StandardsCommi

26、tteeandbyASME,andwasapprovedbyANSIanddesignatedasanAmericanNationalStandardonMay21,2010.Safetycodesandstandardsareintendedtoenhancepublicsafety.Revisionsresultfromcommit-teeconsiderationoffactorssuchastechnologicaladvances,newdata,andchangingenvironmentalandindustryneeds.Revisionsdonotimplythatprevi

27、ouseditionswereinadequate.ivASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, Se

28、cretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp Steel USA, LLCW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, QinetiQ North AmericaR. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupR. J. Bolen, ConsultantG. B. Hetherston, Alternate, E. I. DuPontA. D. Brown, Poms and AssociatesM. E.

29、Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.T. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti atleasttwosheavesarenotonthesameshaft.fl

30、angepoint:apointofcontactbetweenropeanddrumflangewheretheropechangeslayers.foot bearing or block (still block): the lower support onwhichthemastrotates.gudgeonpin:apinconnectingthemastcaptothemast,allowingrotationofthemast.guy:aropeusedtosteadyorsecurethemast,boom,orothermemberinthedesiredposition.h

31、airpinanchor:ahairpin-shaped,guy-supportinganchorthat is placed in footings or walls before concrete ispouredandisheldinplacebythecuredconcrete.latch, hook: a device used to bridge the throat openingofahook.load,rated:themaximumallowableworkingloadinpounds(kilograms)establishedbythemanufacturerinacc

32、ordancewithSection6-1.1.load, working: the external load in pounds (kilograms)applied to the derrick, including the weight of load-attachingequipmentsuchashoistingropes,lowerloadblock,shackles,andslings.loadblock,lower:theassemblyofshackle,swivel,sheaves,pins,andframesuspendedbythehoistingrope.loadb

33、lock,upper:theassemblyofsheaves,pins,andframesuspendedfromtheboom.mast:theuprightmemberofthederrick.mast cap (spider): the fitting at the top of the mast towhichtheguysareconnected.qualifiedperson:apersonwho,bypossessionofarecog-nizeddegreeinanapplicablefield,certificateofprofes-sional standing, or

34、by extensive knowledge, training,andexperience,hassuccessfullydemonstratedtheabil-itytosolveorresolve problemsrelatingtothesubjectmatterandwork.reeving:aropesysteminwhichtheropetravelsarounddrumsandsheaves.6repetitive pickup point: when operating on a repetitivecycle operation,that part ofthe rope w

35、hichis leavingthedrumwhentheloadisfirstappliedtotherope.rockanchor:ananchoringdeviceinsertedinaholedrilledintorockorconcrete.Thedeviceissecuredintheholetowithstandapredeterminedload.rope:referstowireropeunlessotherwisespecified.rotation-resistantrope:awireropeconsistingofaninnerlayerofstrandlaidinon

36、edirectioncoveredbyalayerofstrandlaidintheoppositedirection.Thishastheeffectofcounteractingtorquebyreducingthetendencyofthefinishedropetorotate.sideloading:aloadappliedatanangletotheverticalplaneoftheboom.sill:amemberconnectingthefootblockandstiffleg,oramemberconnectingthelowerendsofadouble-memberma

37、st.standbyderrick:aderricknotinregularservicethatisusedoccasionallyorintermittentlyasrequired.stiffleg:arigidmembersupportingthemastatthehead.swing:rotationofthemastorboomformovementsofloadsinahorizontaldirectionabouttheaxisofrotation.two-blocking:theconditioninwhichthelowerloadblockorhookassemblyco

38、mesincontactwiththeupperloadblockorboompointsheaveassembly.SECTION6-0.3: REFERENCESThefollowingisalistofstandardsandspecificationsreferencedinthisVolume,showingtheyearofapproval:ANSIA1264.1-2007,SafetyRequirementsforWorkplaceFloorandWallOpenings,Stairs,andRailingSystemsPublisher:AmericanNationalStan

39、dardsInstitute,Inc.(ANSI),25West43rdStreet,NewYork,NY10036ANSI/AWSD1.1/D1.1M:2008,StructuralWeldingCodeANSI/AWSD14.3/D14.3M:2005,SpecificationforWeldingEarth-moving,ConstructionandAgriculturalEquipmentPublisher:AmericanWeldingSociety(AWS),550NWLeJeuneRoad,Miami,FL33135ASMEB30.7-2006,BaseMountedDrumH

40、oistsASMEB30.8-2004,FloatingCranesandFloatingDerricksASMEB30.10-2005,HooksPublisher: The American Society of MechanicalEngineers(ASME),ThreeParkAvenue,NewYork,NY10016-5990; Order Department, 22 Law Drive,Box2900,Fairfield,NJ07007(10)ASME B30.6-2010Chapter 6-1Construction and InstallationSECTION 6-1.

41、1: LOAD RATINGS6-1.1.1 BasisLoadratingsaredependentonsuchfactorsasanchor-age,structuralcompetence,ropestrength,hoistrating,supports,andguylengths.6-1.1.2 Rated Load (Working Load) Marking(a) Forpermanentlyinstalledderrickswithfixedlengthsofboom,guy,andmast,asubstantial,durable,andclearlylegibleratin

42、gchartshallbeprovidedwitheachderrickandaffixedwhereitisvisibletopersonnelresponsiblefortheoperationoftheequipment.Thechartshallinclude,butnotnecessarilybelimitedto,thefol-lowingdata:(1) manufacturersapprovedloadratingsatcorres-pondingrangesofboomangleoroperatingradii.(2) specific lengths of componen

43、ts on which theloadratingsarebased.(3) requiredpartsforhoistreeving.Sizeandcon-struction of rope may be shown either on the ratingchartorintheoperatingmanual.(b) Fornonpermanentinstallations,themanufacturershallprovideinformationfromwhichratedloadchartscanbepreparedbyaqualifiedpersonfortheparticular

44、installation.Theratedloadchartsshallbelocatedeitheratthederrickoratthejobsiteoffice.SECTION 6-1.2: CONSTRUCTION6-1.2.1 General(a) Derricksshallbeconstructedtomeetallstressesimposed on members and components under normaloperatingconditionswhenproperlyinstalledandhan-dling loads not exceedingmanufactu

45、rers load ratingswithrecommendedreeving.(b) Welding of load-sustaining members shall con-form to recommended practices of the AmericanWelding Society as outlined in ANSI/AWS D14.3 orANSI/AWSD1.1.6-1.2.2 Guy Derricks(a) The recommended minimum number of guys issix.Preferably,guylengthandspacingshould

46、beequal.Variationsfromtheserequirementsareacceptablepro-vided original rated load or rerated load is calculatedbyaqualifiedpersonorderrickmanufacturertocom-pensateforthesevariations.7(b) Forpublishedratings,themanufacturershallfur-nishcompleteguyinformationrecommending(1) thenumber(2) thespacingarou

47、ndthemast(3) themaximumverticalslope(4) thesize,grade,andconstructionofropetobeusedineach(5) initialsagortension(6) tensioninguylineropeatanchor(c) The mast base shall permit free rotation of themastwithallowanceforslighttiltingofthemastcausedbyguyslack.(d) Themastcapshall(1) permitfreerotationofthe

48、mast(2) withstandtiltingandcrampingactionimposedbytheguyloads(3) be secured to the mast to prevent disen-gagementduringerection(4) beprovidedwithmeansforattachmentofguyropes6-1.2.3 Stiffleg Derricks(a) Themastshallbesupportedintheverticalposi-tion by at least two stifflegs, one end of each beingconn

49、ected to the top of the mast and the other endsecurelyanchored.Thestifflegsshallbecapableofwith-standing the loads imposed at any point of operationwithintheratedloadchartrange.(b) Themastbaseshall(1) permitfreerotationofthemast,whenrequired(2) permitdeflectionofthemastwithoutbinding(3) providemeanstopreventthemastfromliftingoutofitssocketwhenthemastisintension(c) Thestifflegconnectingmemberatthetopofthemastshall(1) permitfreerotationofthemast,whenrequired(2) withstand the loads imposed by the action ofthestifflegs(3) besosecuredastoopposeseparatingforcesatalltimes6-1.2.4 Gin