ASME B89 1 5-1998 Measurement of Plain External Diameters for Use as Master Discs or Cylindrical Plug Gages《用作校对圆盘或圆柱形塞规的普通外径的测量》.pdf

1、 The American Society of Mechanical Engineers AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD MEASUREMENT OF PLAIN EXTERNAL DIAMETERS FOR USE AS MASTER PLUG 6AGES DISCS OR CLlNDlRlCAl ASME B8U.l.5-1998 Date of Issuance: December 18, 1998 This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new ed

2、ition. There will be no addenda issued to this edition. ASME will issue written replies to inquiries concerning interpretation of technical aspects of this Standard. The interpretations are not part of the Standard. ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Th

3、is code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The

4、 proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large. ASME does not “approve,“ “rate,“ or “endorse“ any item, construction, proprietary device, or act

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8、s document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright 0 1998 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Al

9、l Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A. FOREWORD (This Foreword is not part of ASME 889.1.5-1998.) It was beyond our imagination that a standard was not yet in place when we, Working Group 1.5 of the ASME B89 Standards Committee, were formed. Today we are humbled by the complexity and work necessary to

10、complete the task. We consider this a start to an ongoing need to improve our techniques in outside diameter measurement. With this Standard we hope to improve correlation in measurement across the country and the world. Revisions to come will only improve the state of the art. This Standard is dedi

11、cated to Dr. Richard Zipin, Eli Whitney Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio. It was approved by the American National Standards Institute on March 4, 1998. . 111 CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE B89 COMMITTEE General. ASME standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the consensus of concerned in

12、terests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committee by requesting interpretations, proposing revisions, and attending Committee meetings. Correspondence should be addressed to: Secretary, B89 Standards Committee The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue New

13、York, NY 10016-5990 Proposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changes that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application of the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically. The Committee welcomes

14、 proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should be as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed description of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation. Interpretations. Upon request, the B89 Committee will

15、render an interpretation of any requirement of the Standard. Interpretations can only be rendered in response to a written request sent to the Secretary of the B89 Standards Committee. The request for interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. It is further recommended that the inquirer submit

16、hisher request in the following format: Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the topic of the inquiry. Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the Standard for which the interpretation is being requested. Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific

17、requirement suitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for approval of a proprietary design or situation. The inquirer may also include any plans or drawings which are necessary to explain the question; however, they should not contain proprietary names or information. Requests tha

18、t are not in this format will be rewritten in this format by the Committee prior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original question. ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional information that might affect an interpretat

19、ion is available. Further, persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME committee or subcommittee. ASME does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. Attending Committee Meetings. The B89 Standards Committee re

20、gularly holds meetings, which are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary of the B89 Standards Committee. iv ASME STANDARDS COMMITTEE B89 Dimensional Metrology (The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.) OFFI

21、CERS R. B. Hook, Chair F. G. Parsons, Vice Chair B. P. Biddinger, Secretary COMMllTEE PERSONNEL D. Beutel, Caterpillar Inc., Peoria, Illinois B. P. Biddinger, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, New York K. L. Blaedel, University of California, Livermore, California J. B. Bryan,

22、Bryan Associates, Pleasanton, California T. Carpenter, U.S. Air Force, Newark, Ohio T. Charlton, Brown and Sharpe Manufacturing, North Kingstown, Rhode Island W. T. Estler, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland R. J. Hocken, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, N

23、orth Carolina R. B. Hook, Metcon, Coventry, Rhode Island B. Parry, Boeing Co., Seattle, Washington F. G. Parsons, Federal Products Co., Providence, Rhode Island B. R. Taylor, Renishaw PLC, Gloucestershire, England R. C. Veale, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland SU

24、BCOMMITTEE 1: LENGTH R. C. Veale, Chair, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, J. M. Bobelak, McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, St. Louis, Missouri T. D. Doiron, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland M. R. Hamar, Hamar Laser Instruments Inc., Wilto

25、n, Connecticut B. A. Robertson, L. S. Starrett Co., Athol, Massachusetts G. L. Vander Sande, US. Army Armaments Research, Development and Engineering W. A. Watts, Southern Gage Inc., Erin, Tennessee Maryland Center, Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey WORKING GROUP 1.5: DIAMETER MEASUREMENT OF EXTERNAL ST

26、ANDARDS W. A. Watts, Chair, Southern Gage Inc., Erin, Tennessee J. R. Calcutt, Allied Signal Aerospace, Rocky Mount, North Carolina T. Carpenter, US. Air Force, Newark, Ohio R. Casto, Gates Rubber Co., Denver, Colorado T. D. Doiron, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryl

27、and V D. Harris, Southern Gage Inc., Erin, Tennessee K. John, U.S. Air Force, Newark, Ohio J. J. Koput, Briggs (6) for a sphere, all points of the surface intersected by any plane passing through a common center are equidistant from that center. cosine error: the measurement error in the measure- me

28、nt direction caused by angular misalignment between a measuring system and the gage or part being measured. cylindricity: a condition of a surface of revolution in which all points of the surface are equidistant from a common axis. diameter: the length of a straight line through the center of a circ

29、ular cross section of an object. In the case of a cylinder, the line is considered to be perpendic- ular to the axis. dimensional stability: ability of an object (e.g., mea- suring instrument or workpiece) to maintain its metro- logical characteristics with time. NOTES: (I) Where stability with resp

30、ect to a quantity other than time is considered, this should be stated explicitly. I (2) Stability may be quantified in several ways, for example: (a) in terms of the time in which a metrological characteristic (b) in terms of the change in a characteristic over a stated time. changes by a stated am

31、ount; or discrimination (threshold): largest change in a stimu- lus that produces no detectable change in the response of a measuring instrument, the change in the stimulus taking place slowly and monotonically. elastic deformation: the nonpermanent (reversible) change in the size or geometry of a p

32、art due to an applied force. gage block: a length standard with rectangular, round, or square cross section, having flat, parallel opposing gaging faces. NOTE: The surface finish of the gaging faces should be such as to allow gages to be wrung together. index of refraction: for a given wavelength, t

33、he ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to the velocity of light in a refractive material. NOTE: As used in this Standard, the material is air. line contact: the zone of contact between a flat surface and a cylinder. lobing: systematic variations in the radius around a part (measured in the cr

34、oss section perpendicular to the axis). master cylinder: a known-size cylinder used for setup for comparison to the gage being measured. master disc: a cylinder of known size, with insulating grips, used to set or verify another gage. The tolerance is typically bilateral. measurand: particular quant

35、ity subjected to mea- surement. EXAMPLE: Diameter of a cylindrical gage at 20C. measurement force: the amount of force exerted upon the object being measured by a measuring instrument ASME 889.1.5-1998 during the act of measurement. Measurement force is an important factor used in the calculations o

36、f elastic deformation. microinch: one millionth of an inch, i.e., 0.000001 in., or 25.4 nm. micrometer: one millionth of a meter, i.e., 0.000001 rn, or approximately 39.37 kin. modulus of elasticity: the ratio of unit stress to unit deformation for a particular material, within the limit of proporti

37、onality, i.e., E = de. NOTE: The modulus of elasticity is sometimes known as Youngs modulus. nominal coeficient of thermal expansion: approximate value (IS0 VIM:1993 Section 5.3) for the coefficient of thermal expansion over a range from a temperature T to 20C and denoted a, for the part and aflS fo

38、r the reference standard. Estimated values for a, and a,$ may be obtained from experiments on like objects, or from published data. out-of-roundness: term used to describe a deviation from being round; its value is defined as the minimum radial separation between two concentric circles within which

39、all points on the circular cross section lie. out-of-straightness: the deviation of the straightness of a line is the minimum distance between two parallel lines that contain the line profile. plug gage: a cylindrical outside diameter gage typi- cally used to check holes for size or fit and function

40、. GO and NOGO are typically used for high and low limit checks. Refer to ASME/ANSI B47.1 for designs. point contact: the single point of contact when using a sphere or section of a sphere in a measurement. NOTE: The idealized point becomes an area of contact under the measurement force. Poissons rat

41、io: the ratio of the transverse unit defor- mation of a body to the unit deformation in length, within the limit of proportionality. resolution (of a displaying device): smallest difference between indications of ,a displaying device that can be meaningfully distinguished. NOTES: indication when the

42、 least significant digit changes one step. (I) For a digital displaying device, this is the change in the (2) This concept also applies to a recording device. roundness: see circularity MEASUREMENT OF PLAIN EXTERNAL DIAMETERS FOR USE AS MASTER DISCS OR CYLINDRICAL PLUG GAGES straightness: the minimu

43、m distance between two par- allel lines that contain the line profile. surface texture: repetitive or random deviations from the nominal surface which form the pattern of the surface. Surface texture includes roughness, waviness, lay, and flaws. taper: for the purposes of this Standard, taper is def

44、ined as the gradual increase or decrease in diameter over the full length of the gage. thermal gradients: the rate of change of temperature as a function of another parameter. NOTES: (I) Temporal thermal gradient is the variation of temperature as (2) Spatial thermal gradient is the variation in tem

45、perature as a a function of time, denoted by AT/At, “C/h (or “F/hr). function of length, denoted by AT/AL, “C/m (or “Flin.). uncertainty of measurement: parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the

46、measurand. NOTES: (I) The parameter may be, for example, a standard deviation (or a given multiple of it), or the half width of an interval having a stated level of confidence. (2) See NIST Technical Note 1297 for additional information. 3 REFERENCES This Standard has been coordinated as much as pos

47、sible with the following standards and specifications. Unless otherwise stated, the latest issue is implied. ASME B46.1-1995, Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay) ASME/ANSI B47.1, Gage Blanks ANSI B89.3.1, Measurement of Out-of-Roundness ANSI B89.6.2, Temperature and Humidity Envir

48、onment ASME Y 14.5M- 1994, Dimensioning and Tolerancing IS0 1, Standard Reference Temperature NIST Technical Note 1297, 1994 Edition, Guidelines for Evaluation and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results for Dimensional Measurement M. J. Puttock and E. G. Thwaite, “Elastic Compression

49、 of Spheres and Cylinders at Point and Line Contact,“ National Standards Laboratory Technical Paper No. 25, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia, 1969 2 MEASUREMENT OF PLAIN EXTERNAL DIAMETERS FOR USE AS MASTER DISCS OR CYLINDRICAL PLUG GAGES ASME 889.1.5-1998 4 REQUIREMENTS OF MASTER DISCS AND The purchaser and the manufacturer should consult on The practical application of Tabie 3 would be to 4.1 General compare the measured size of a gage to the prescribed CYLINDRIC