ASME B89 3 7-2013 Granite Surface Plates《花岗岩平板》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B89.3.7-2013Granite Surface PlatesASME B89.3.7-2013Granite SurfacePlatesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: June 26, 2013This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.ASME issu

2、es written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Periodically certain actions of the ASME B89 Committee may be published as Code Cases.Code Cases and interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org/

3、 as they are issued.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pag

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5、ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals

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7、rove,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against

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10、cies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 1

11、0016-5990Copyright 2013 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . vCorrespondence With the B89 Committee viIntroduction . vii1 General. 12 Definitions 13 References 14 General Requirements . 2Figures1 Exaggerated View of a

12、 Surface Plate With Twist 22 Surface Plate, Style 1, No Ledge, Rectangular or Square . 33 Surface Plate, Style 2, Two-Ledge, Either Direction, Rectangular or Square . 34 Surface Plate, Style 3, Four-Ledge, Rectangular or Square . 35 Surface Plate, Style 4, No Ledge, Round 36 Support Layout for Recta

13、ngular Surface Plate 57 Support Layout for Round Surface Plate 5Tables1 Common Sizes and Flatness Tolerances . 42 Tolerances for Local Variations in Flatness Using a Repeat Reading Gage 63 Restrictions on Surface Area for Flatness and Twist . 6Mandatory AppendixI Testing 9Nonmandatory AppendicesA Mi

14、neralogical and Physical Properties 14B Thickness 15C Supports 20D Factors Distorting the Work Surface 21E Care of Granite Surface Plates 24F Guidance to Estimating Uncertainty in Surface Plate Measurement 25G Traceability 31iiiFOREWORDThis ASME Standard is a revision of the 1973 Federal Specificati

15、on GGG-P-463c which hasbeen used extensively in American industry since its publication. Although the measurementmethods for surface plates had already been in use some decades prior to the Federal Specification,it did serve to document these methods. In addition, it provided common language and ter

16、msof classification for surface plate manufacturing and commerce. While little has changed withregard to measurement methods and the flatness tolerances of the various plate grades are stillrelevant today, ASME B89 Division 3 decided an effort was justified to modernize the document.Most notably, a

17、more complete glossary was added with currently accepted definitions, metricunits were added where appropriate, and a new format was used that should be more familiarto current users of the Standard. This Committee also recognized the need for updates to asurface plate specification to incorporate m

18、odern concepts, such as traceability and measurementuncertainty, that have undergone considerable development since 1973. This new document underASME B89 ownership will provide the platform for these and other updates periodically throughthe revision process.This edition of B89.3.7 was approved by A

19、NSI on April 12, 2013.ivASME B89 COMMITTEEDimensional Metrology(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSB. Parry, ChairS. Phillips, Vice ChairF. Constantino, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELD. E. Beutel, Honorary Member

20、, Caterpillar, Inc.J. B. Bryan, Honorary Member, Bryan and AssociatesT. E. Carpenter, Honorary Member, U.S. Air Force Metrology LabT. Charlton, Jr., Charlton AssociatesD. J. Christy, Mahr Federal, Inc.F. Constantino, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersG. A. Hetland, International Institute

21、of Geometric Dimensioningand TolerancingR. J. Hocken, Honorary Member, University of North CarolinaR. B. Hook, Honorary Member, MetconSUBCOMMITTEE 3: GEOMETRYJ. D. Meadows, Chair, James D. Meadows however, they shouldnot contain proprietary names or information.Requests that are not in this format m

22、ay be rewritten in the appropriate format by the Committeeprior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additionalinformation that might affect an interpretation is available. Fu

23、rther, persons aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The B89 Standards Committee regularly holds meetings

24、thatare open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary ofthe B89 Standards Committee.viIntroductionOne primary purpose of specifying values for surface plate parameters such as flatness, or formeasuring these parameters, is to predict or estimate the level of

25、accuracy that may be accom-plished in measurements when the surface plate serves as a reference for those measurements,i.e., the measurement errors will tend to be smaller when a flatter (higher grade) surface plateis used as a reference, and measurement errors will generally be larger when a lower

26、gradesurface plate is used. Although, in general, it is difficult to quantitatively relate surface plateflatness to measurement errors, for specific applications, a certain flatness parameter may correlatevery well with measurement errors, e.g., a measurement task involving a height stand withsuppor

27、t spacing the same as that of a repeat reading gage may have measurement errors thatare close to the repeat readings from the gage. It is safe to say, in general, the correlation will beuseful but qualitative. The definitions and procedures in this Standard can also allow fair compari-sons between s

28、urface plates, and they can help to identify and quantify changes in a given surfaceplate that occur over time, either from use or from changes in the environment.viiINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKviiiASME B89.3.7-2013GRANITE SURFACE PLATES1 GENERAL1.1 ScopeThis Standard covers igneous rock (granite) plate

29、s foruse in high accuracy locating, layout, and inspectionwork. It encompasses new certification, recertificationin the field, and recertification after resurfacing. In gen-eral, the standard covers any size granite surface plate.Information for the sizes in common use is presentedin tabular form.1.

30、2 Classification: Styles and GradesSurface plates shall be of the following styles andgrades:(a) Styles (shapes)Rectangular, no ledge (see Fig. 2)Rectangular, 2 ledge, either direction (see Fig. 3)Rectangular, 4 ledge (see Fig. 4)Round, no ledge (see Fig. 5)(b) GradesAAAB2 DEFINITIONSbow: the condit

31、ion of a surface plate where the middleof the plate is higher or lower than the two ends.F.I.M.: Full Indicator Movement.flatness: the condition of a surface or derived medianplane having all elements in one plane.grade: the classification of a surface plate according tothe flatness and repeat readi

32、ng tolerance of the worksurface. (This Standard covers three grades: AA, A,and B.)inserts: typically made of metal (usually stainless steel,to prevent rusting) and are “plugs,” usually predrilledand tapped to various thread diameters and pitches,and are epoxied into a granite surface plate. They can

33、also be furnished as a “solid” insert no predrillingor tapping. Threaded inserts allow for hold-down capa-bilities and fixturing on a granite surface plate.ledge: an undercut made along the sides or across theends (or both) of a surface plate.repeat reading: a measure of flatness over localized area

34、sof a surface plate. This measure is usually obtained using1a repeat reading gage (see following definition) thatmeasures height variation of the surface plate from areference established by the base of the repeat readinggage. The range of readings taken with a repeat readinggage represents local de

35、viation from flatness over thearea sampled.repeat reading gage: a gage used to obtain repeat readings(see Fig. I-3). This instrument estimates the ability toreproduce a measurement of a fixed height at any placeon the surface plate. The repeat reading gage is sensitiveto short wavelength variations

36、in flatness when readingsare taken over small intervals of movement of its base.twist: the condition of a surface plate where the platetakes on the shape of a surface whose ends have beenturned in opposite directions (e.g., like the shape of apropeller). The four corners of plates having this condi-

37、tion do not lie within the same plane. The lines character-izing opposite ends of a surface plate that exhibits twisthave some relative angle between them (see Fig. 1).3 REFERENCES3.1 Normative ReferencesASME B46.1, Surface Texture, Surface Roughness,Waviness and LayASME B89.6.2, Temperature and Hum

38、idity Environmentfor Dimensional MeasurementASME B89.7.3.1, Guidelines For Decision Rules: Consid-ering Measurement Uncertainty in Determining Con-formance to SpecificationsASME Y14.5M, Dimensioning and TolerancingPublisher: The American Society of MechanicalEngineers (ASME), Two Park Avenue, New Yo

39、rk,NY 10016-5990; Order Department: 22 Law Drive, P.O.Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900 (www.asme.org)ASTM C119-99b, Terminology Relating to DimensionStoneASTM C615-99, Standard Specification for GraniteDimension StonePublisher: American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM International), 100 Ba

40、rr Harbor Drive, P.O.Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959(www.astm.org)Research Paper 1320, Physical, Mineralogical, andDurability Studies on the Building and MonumentalGranites of the United States, Journal of Research ofASME B89.3.7-2013Fig. 1 Exaggerated View of a Surface Plate With Twistth

41、e National Bureau of Standards, Vol. 25,August 1940, pp. 161-205.Publisher: National Institute of Standards andTechnology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 1070,Gaithersburg, MD 20899 (www.nist.gov)Moody, J.C. (1955, October). The Moody Method. TheTool Engineer3.2 Additional ReferencesISO 17025:2005, G

42、eneral requirements for the compe-tence of testing and calibration laboratoriesPublisher: International Organization forStandardization (ISO), Central Secretariat, 1, ch. de laVoie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneve 20,Switzerland/Suisse (www.iso.org)JCGM 100:2008, Evaluation of measurement da

43、ta Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measure-ment (GUM). Available at http:/www.bipm.org/en/publications/guides/gum.htmlJCGM 200:2012, International Vocabulary ofMetrology Basic and General Concepts andAssociated Terms (VIM), Third Edition, http:/www.bipm.org/en/publications/guides/vim.htmlP

44、ublisher: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures(BIPM), Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312 Sevres Cedex,France (www.bipm.org)4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS4.1 MaterialsSurface plates covered by this Standard shall be madefrom fine or medium grained igneous rock, e.g., materialsuch as biotite granite, biotite

45、hornblende, diabase,hypersthene gabbro, muscovite-biotite, and muscovitebiotite/granite-gneiss, etc. The material shall be free ofcracks or other defects that may affect the serviceability2of the surface plate. Other granites are acceptable pro-vided they meet the requirements of this Standard. Refe

46、rto Table A-1 for material properties.4.2 Cracks and Color StreaksCracks are cause for rejection. Color streaks have noeffect on the serviceability of the granite and areacceptable.4.2.1 Style. Surface plates covered by this Standardshall be of the four styles illustrated in Figs. 2 through 5.4.2.2

47、Size. Surface plates covered by this Standardshall be any size. The most common sizes are listed inTable 1.4.2.3 Thickness and Stiffness. The surface plateshall have a thickness capable of supporting a total nor-mal load equal to 240 kg/m2(50 lb/ft2) of surface platearea, loaded in the center of the

48、 plate, without deflectingthe plate along a diagonal or diameter more thanone-half the flatness tolerance (see NonmandatoryAppendix B).4.2.4 Clamping Ledges. See Fig. 3.4.2.4.1 Clamping ledges on surface plates under150 mm (6 in.) thick shall not be less than 40% of thesurface plate thickness, in th

49、ickness, X, and the over-hang, Y, shall be approximately one-fourth of the surfaceplate thickness.4.2.4.2 Clamping ledges on surface plates 150mm (6 in.) thick or over shall not be less than 80 mm(3 in.) in thickness, X, and the overhang, Y, shall be notmore than 50 mm (2 in.).4.2.4.3 Ledge clamping surfaces shall be parallelwith the working surface within 5 mm/m (0.06 in./ft).4.2.5 Supports. Unless otherwise specified, supportof the surface plate shall be by three fixed feet, locatedASME B89.3.7-2013Fig. 2 Surface Plate, Style 1, No Ledge, Rectangular or SquareFig. 3 Surface