ASME B89 7 1 TECH RPT-2016 Guidelines for Addressing Measurement Uncertainty in the Development and Application of ASME B89 Standards.pdf

1、ASME B89.7.1-2016(Technical Report)Guidelines for Addressing Measurement Uncertainty in the Development and Application of ASME B89 StandardsASME B89.7.1-201 6(Technical Report)Guidelines forAddressingMeasurementUncertainty in theDevelopment andApplication of ASMEB89 StandardsxDate of Issuance: May

2、31, 2016This Technical Report will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.ASME does not “approve, ” “rate, ” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not

3、 take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned inthis document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letterspatent, nor assumes any such liability. Users

4、 of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any suchpatent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted

5、 as government orindustry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASMEprocedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document ma

6、y be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2016 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted

7、 in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ivCommittee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8、. . . . . . . . . . . vCorrespondence With the B89 Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9、 12 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Calibration and

10、 Verification Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Documenting Measurement Uncertainty and Metrological Traceability in ASME B89 Standardsand Technical Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11、. . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Uncertainty-Related Recommendations for ASME B89 Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Nonmandatory AppendicesA Calibration Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9B Docume

12、nting Measurement Uncertainty in ASME B89 Standards and Technical Reports . . . . . . . . 11C Documenting Measurement Uncertainty in a Summary Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Figures4.1-1 Relationship Between Calibration and Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4C-1-1 Example of an Uncertainty Matrix Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12iiiFOREWORDThis Technical Report provides general principles for addressing measurement uncertainty that apply to the use ofASME B

14、89 standards. This Technical Report also provides recommendations regarding measurement uncertainty for usein the development of ASME B89 standards. This Technical Report is concerned with the application and documentationof measurement uncertainty but not with methods for the estimation of measurem

15、ent uncertainty.A number of challenging requirements have been introduced to dimensional metrology practice in recent yearsthrough new developments in ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation, measurement uncertainty, and conformance decisionrules. Many of these requirements are related to the broad concept of m

16、easurement uncertainty management. TheASME B89.7 series of standards and technical reports has been developed to help users understand and meetthese new uncertainty-related requirements.To achieve its purpose, this Technical Report introduces general concepts associated with calibration and verifica

17、tiontesting. This Technical Report clarifies existing terms and introduces new terms and definitions in an attempt to stan-dardize practices within ASME B89 standards and across the dimensional metrology field.There are efforts ongoing to develop standards and to prepare industry to address the issu

18、es related to measurementuncertainty and the increasing recognition of its importance in commerce. These efforts aim to support the considerationof measurement uncertainty in measurement plans. Until recently, many existing ASME B89 standards did not addressmeasurement uncertainty. This Technical Re

19、port provides guidelines for documenting the treatment of uncertaintycontributions. These guidelines support the use and documentation of a methodology recognized as consistentwith the concepts outlined in JCGM 100, Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM).Applying common guidelin

20、es in development of all ASME B89 standards, where appropriate, will ensure consistency,facilitate the approval process, and improve intelligibility for buyers and sellers who use ASME B89 standards.Acknowledgment. This work was initiated and originally chaired by the late John Buttress, and his con

21、tribution isrecognized and appreciated by the ASME B89 Committee.ivASME B89 COMMITTEEDimensional Metrology(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Technical Report.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERST. Charlton, Jr., ChairS. D. Phillips, Vice ChairR. Richmond, Secretar

22、ySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELT. Charlton, Jr., Charlton AssociatesD. J. Christy, Mahr Federal, Inc.B. Crowe, Schneider ElectricJ. D. Drescher, UTC Pratt and WhitneyM. L. Fink, BoeingG. A. Hetland, International Institute of Geometric Dimensioning andTolerancingM. Liebers, Professional Instruments C

23、o.R. L. Long, Laboratory Accreditation BureauE. Morse, University of North Carolina at CharlotteB. Parry, Parry EngineeringP. Pereira, Caterpillar, Inc.S. D. Phillips, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyR. Richmond, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersJ. G. Salsbury, Mitutoyo Amer

24、ica Corp.D. Sawyer, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyJ. R. Schmidl, Optical Gaging Products, Inc.C. Shakarji, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyR. L. Thompson, U.S. Air ForceK. L. Skinner, Alternate, Air Force Metrology and CalibrationE. R. Yaris, Lowell, Inc.SUBCOMMITTEE 7

25、MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTYS. D. Phillips, Chair, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyT. Charlton, Jr., Charlton AssociatesK. Doytchinov, Kotem Technologies, Inc.H. Harary, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyG. A. Hetland, International Institute of Geometric Dimensioning andToleran

26、cingM. P. Krystek, Physikalisch- Technische BundesanstaltM. Liebers, Professional Instruments Co.R. L. Long, Laboratory Accreditation BureauE. Morse, University of North Carolina at CharlotteB. Parry, Parry EngineeringP. Pereira, Caterpillar, Inc.J. Raja, University of North Carolina at CharlotteJ.

27、G. Salsbury, Mitutoyo America Corp.C. Shakarji, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyE. R. Yaris, Lowell, Inc.PROJE CT TEAM 7.1 GUIDELINES FOR B89 DOCUMENTSJ. G. Salsbury, Chair, Mitutoyo America Corp.T. D. Doiron, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyG. A. Hetland, International I

28、nstitute of Geometric Dimensioning andTolerancingM. P. Krystek, Physikalisch- Technische BundesanstaltR. L. Long, Laboratory Accreditation BureauE. Morse, University of North Carolina at CharlotteB. Parry, Parry EngineeringS. D. Phillips, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyC. Shakarji, Na

29、tional Institute of Standards and TechnologyE. R. Yaris, Lowell, Inc.vCORRESPONDENCE WITH THE B89 COMMITTEEGeneral. ASME Codes, Standards, and Technical Reports are developed and maintained with the intent to representthe consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Technical Report may

30、interact with the Committee byproposing revisions and attending Committee meetings. Correspondence should be addressed to:Secretary, B89 Standards CommitteeThe American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5990http:/go.asme.org/InquiryProposing Revisions. Revisions are ma

31、de periodically to the Technical Report to incorporate changes that appearnecessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application of the Technical Report. Approvedrevisions will be published periodically.The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Technical R

32、eport. Such proposals should be as specific aspossible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed description of the reasons for theproposal, including any pertinent documentation.Attending Committee Meetings. The B89 Standards Committee regularly holds meetings and/or tel

33、ephone confer-ences that are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting and/or telephone conference should contact theSecretary of the B89 Standards Committee. Future Committee meeting dates and locations can be found on the CommitteePage at http:/go.asme.org/B89committee.viGUIDELINES

34、 FOR ADDRESSING MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTYIN THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF ASME B89STANDARDS1 SCOPEThis Technical Report provides recommendations asso-ciated with addressing measurement uncertainty anddirection in the application of the existing ASME B89.7series of uncertainty-related standards an

35、d technicalreports. This Technical Report also provides general prin-ciples and recommendations regarding measurementuncertainty and its documentation for use in the devel-opment of ASME B89 standards and technical reports.This Technical Report does not cover methods to beused in the estimation of m

36、easurement uncertainty. Toachieve these objectives, this Technical Report(a) outlines guidelines for documenting measurementuncertainty in ASME B89 standards and technical reports(b) defines general calibration and verification testingprinciples, terms, and concepts for use in dimensionalmetrology(c

37、) discusses general topics associated with addressingmeasurement uncertainty, such as operating conditions,conformance testing, decision rules, and traceabilityThis Technical Report takes advantage of the technicalcontent developed in other ASME B89.7 standards andtechnical reports, whenever possibl

38、e. That technicalcontent is referenced, but not repeated, in thisTechnical Report.2 DEFINITIONSFor the purposes of this Technical Report, the defini-tions in JCGM 200:2012 (VIM3) apply; any differencesor additions are included below. When definitionsfrom JCGM 200 are included in this Technical Repor

39、t,some notes may not be shown for brevity. When noteshave been added to the JCGM 200 definitions in thisTechnical Report, a parenthetical statement indicatesthe notes are specific to this Technical Report.artifact verification: provision of sufficient objectiveevidence that a given material measure

40、(artifact)conforms to a specified maximum permissible error ortolerance limit.calibration: operation that, under specified conditions, in afirst step, establishes a relation between the quantityvalues with measurement uncertainties provided bymeasurement standards and corresponding indicationswith a

41、ssociated measurement uncertainties and, in asecond step, uses this information to establish a relationfor obtaining a measurement result from an indication.(This definition is identical to JCGM 200:2012, definition2.39, but with the notes not shown for brevity. The notebelow is specific to this Tec

42、hnical Report.)NOTE: Verification tests are frequently used as calibrations whenthey satisfy both the first and second step in the above definition(see para. 4.4.2 ).decision rule: documented rule that describes howmeasurement uncertainty will be accounted for withregard to accepting or rejecting an

43、 item, given a specifiedrequirement and the result of a measurement. (This defi-nition is identical to JCGM 106:2012, definition 3.3.12. Thenote below is specific to this Technical Report.)NOTE: See further discussion of decision rules in ASME B89.7.3.1.indication: quantity provided by a measuring i

44、nstrumentor measuring system.NOTES:(1) An indication is often given as the position of a pointer for ananalog output or the displayed or printed number for adigital output.(2) An indication is also known as a reading.(The definition above, including the Notes, is identical toJCGM 106:2012, definitio

45、n 3.2.9.)instrument verification: provision of sufficient objectiveevidence that a given indicating measuring instrumentconforms to a specified maximum permissible error ortolerance limit.maximum permissible error (MPE): for a measuring instru-ment, maximum difference, permitted by specifications or

46、regulations, between the instrument indication and thequantity being measured. (This definition is identicalto JCGM 106:2012, definition 3.3.18, but with notes notshown for brevity. The note below is specific to thisTechnical Report.)NOTE: A maximum permissible error is a specific type of toler-ance

47、 limit.ASME B89.7.1-20161measuring equipment: any instrument, artifact, orauxiliary apparatus, or any combination thereof, neces-sary to implement a measurement process for carryingout a specified and defined measurement.NOTES:(1) This definition is broader than that of measuring instrumentin JCGM 2

48、00:2012 because it includes all the means neces-sary for producing a measurement result.(2) The concept of measuring equipment includes, for example,indicating measuring instruments and material measures(JCGM 200:2012, definitions 3.3 and 3.6, respectively).(The definition above, including the Notes

49、, is adapted fromISO 14978:2006, definition 3.1.)metrological characteristic: characteristic of measuringequipment that may influence the results of measurement.NOTES:(1) The influence on the results of measurement is an uncer-tainty contribution.(2) Measuring equipment usually has several metrologicalcharacteristics.(3) Metrological characteristics can be subject to calibration andverification.(The definition above, including the Notes, is adapted fromISO 14978:2006, definition 3.12.)reference value: quantity value used as a basis for compar-ison with values of quantities of the sam