1、Companion Guide to the ASME Boiler Courtesy of Entergy Corporation:Volume 1: Ninemile Point; Volume 2: Waterford Nuclear Plant7 2THIS MONUMENTAL EFFORT IS DEDICATED TO THEASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING DIVISION ANDTO TWO SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTORS TO THE DEVEL-OPMENT OF THE DESIGN-BY-ANALYSIS CONSTR
2、UCTIONRULES IN THE MODERN ASME CODE. This two-volume compendium dedication is not the first recog-nition of the achievements of Bernard F. Langer and William E.Cooper. The Bernard F. Langer Nuclear Codes and StandardsAward, established in 1977, provides a posthumous and lastingtribute to one of thes
3、e contributors, an intellectual giant who wasinstrumental in providing the leadership and statesmanship thatwas essential to the creation of construction rules for nuclear ves-sels and related equipment. William E. Cooper, the first recipientof the Bernard F. Langer Nuclear Codes and Standards Award
4、, isanother intellectual giant instrumental in the creation of the mod-ern ASME Code. In addition, Dr. Cooper acted in a number ofASME Codes and Standards leadership positions. It was my plea-sure to join many of my colleagues in April 2001 for the presenta-tion to Dr. Cooper of the ASME Presidents
5、Award from the 120thPresident of ASME International, William A. Weiblen. That mostprestigious award recognized a lifetime of achievement in ASMEand, in particular, in ASME Code activities. Bernie Langer and Bill Cooper were essential in both the devel-opment of the modern ASME Code and in the creati
6、on of theforums for technical information exchange that support the Coderules. The publication of these two volumes by ASME Interna-tional is a legacy of that duality. These volumes continue a longand productive relationship between the development of the mod-ern ASME Code and the technical exchange
7、s on pressure vesseland piping technology sponsored by the ASME Pressure Vesselsand Piping Technical Division. This process of technical informa-tion exchange, through conference paper and panel presentations,and through refereed paper publication, is an essential step in thereduction to standard pr
8、actice, standard practice that is eventuallyembodied in the rules of the ASME Code. Information exchangeat technical conferences and in technical publications goes handin hand with the deliberations of ASME Code bodies. This relationship goes back to the pivotal events leading up tothe development o
9、f the modern ASME Code the appointmentof the Special Committee to Review Code Stress Basis in the late1950s. The principles formulated by that group became the basisfor Section III and Section VIII, Division 2 (design by analysis)of the Code. These basic principles were published by ASME in1968 unde
10、r the title “Criteria of the ASME Boiler and PressureVessel Code for Design by Analysis in Sections III and VIII,Division 2.” At the same time that the work of the SpecialCommittee to Review Code Stress Basis was nearing fruition,leaders in the field of pressure vessel design, including BernieLanger
11、 and Bill Cooper, recognized that an improved forum forfundamental technical information exchange was needed. Theneed eventually led to the formation of an ASME technical divi-sion, the Pressure Vessel and Piping (PVP) Division, in 1966. Many of us who became involved in the PVP Division in theearly
12、 years were drafted by the leaders in the field to help pre-pare a compendium of the technical information on pressure ves-sel and piping technology. The Decade of Progress volumes, asthey were known then, were published by ASME in the early1970s, covering the most significant contributions to press
13、urevessel and piping design and analysis; materials and fabrication;and operations, applications, and components. The Decade ofProgress volumes should be considered the antecedents of thesetwo volumes. Both sets of volumes should be considered as inte-gral parts of the technical literature supportin
14、g the Code and theCriteria document. The PVP Division has acted with great vigor over the years tocontinue to provide the technical forums needed to supportimprovements in the modern ASME Code. This year marks theDivisions 35th anniversary. When I first became involved in PVPDivision activities, the
15、 second year had just been completed, withVito Salerno as the second Chair of the Division Executive Com-mittee. Dana Young had been the first Chair, during 19661967,and Gunther Eschenbrenner was ready to become the third Chair,for the 19681969 year. Planning was well underway for the firstInternati
16、onal Conference on Pressure Vessel Technology(ICPVT), scheduled for Delft, the Netherlands, in the followingyear. The plan was to hold such an international conference everyfour years, with the Secretariat rotating between Europe (1969),the United States (San Antonio, 1973), and Asia (Tokyo, 1977).N
17、ine of these international conferences have now been held, themost recent in Sydney, Australia, in April 2000. At the same time, initial planning for the First U.S. NationalCongress on Pressure Vessels and Piping, to be held every fouryears in the United States, was also underway. It was my privileg
18、eto be the Technical Program Chair for the Second U.S. NationalCongress on PVP in 1975 in San Francisco, and the ConferenceChair for the Third U.S. National Congress on PVP in 1979, alsoin San Francisco. In addition, the activity within the PVP Divi-sion was such that we cosponsored ASME technical c
19、onferenceswith the Materials Division, the Nuclear Engineering Division,and the Petroleum Division in alternate years. This has since ledto the annual PVP Conference, the most recent being PVP 2001in Atlanta, Georgia, in July 2001. The paper flow from the technical conferences and the networkof cont
20、ributors for the Decade of Progress volumes eventually ledto the creation of the ASME Transactions Journal of PressureVessel Technology in late 1973, only seven years after formationof the Pressure Vessel and Piping Technical Division. Dr. IrwinBerman was its first Senior Technical Editor, with two
21、TechnicalEditors representing the PVP Division and the Petroleum Divi-sion. Once again, I consider it a privilege to have been selected asDEDICATION TO THE FIRST EDITIONiv Dedicationthe Technical Editor for the PVP Division, later becoming theSenior Technical Editor in 1978. The Journal and the tech
22、nicalconferences have provided robust mechanisms for the neededtechnical information exchange. But ASME Code rules and the associated technical informationexchange is not enough. In one of the very early issues (Novem-ber 1974) of the Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, two arti-cles were publish
23、ed on the duty and responsibility of engineersand their engineering societies to address public concerns aboutthe safety and reliability of power plants. One, by Bernie Langer,was titled “The Role of the Engineering Societies in ObtainingPublic Acceptance of Power Plants.” The other, by Bill Cooper,
24、was titled “Nuclear Pressure Vessels and Piping Materials:Where to Next.” Both articles clearly identified the additionalcommitment that we all share to bring sound information to theattention of the general public and to policymakers in federal,state, and local jurisdictions. In the almost three de
25、cades since thepublication of those two articles, this commitment has beenextended, as the reach of ASME International, the ASME Boilerand Pressure Vessel Code, and the PVP Division covers the entireworld. We owe a debt of gratitude to these two giants, and thesetwo volumes represent a “down payment
26、” on that debt. Robert E. Nickell, Ph.D. William E. Cooper, Ph.D, P.E. 19992000 President The editor is indebted to several individuals and organiza-tions in the preparation of this two-volume book. Some of themare identified for their assistance in completion of this effort.My thanks are to all of
27、the thirty-nine contributors whose dedi-cated efforts made this possible by their singular attention todetail, even while they succinctly conveyed the voluminousinformation. I wish to thank Dr. Jack Ware, Pressure Vessels and PipingDivision who suggested this effort. My thanks are in particular toMa
28、rtin D. Bernstein who had from the start of this project beenmy inspiration to rally around during several ups and downs. Ialso thank Dr. Robert E. Nickell for his encouragement to see theend of the tunnel. This effort would not have been possible but for the encourage-ment and support provided by m
29、y employer, Entergy OperationsInc., and in particular by Frederick W. Titus, William R.Campbell, John R. Hamilton, Willis F. Mashburn, Raymond S. Lewis, Jaishanker S. Brihmadesam, Brian C. Gray, and Paul H. Nehrenz. My special thanks to Professor Dr. Robert T. Norman,University of Pittsburgh, for th
30、e untiring pains he had taken intraining me to undertake efforts such as these from their veryinitiation to their logical conclusion. This unique two-volume publication, which Dr. FrederickMoody aptly called a “monumental effort,“ would have nevertaken off had it not been for the vision and sustaine
31、d support pro-vided by the staff of ASME Technical Publishing. My thanks tothem for their support. Finally, all of this saga-type effort, spread over three years, wouldhave never been possible had it not been for the constant encourage-ment and untiring support provided by my wife, Dr. Indira Rao, t
32、hatincluded all of the sundry chores associated with this project. Inaddition, I wish to thank other members of my family, Uma andSunder Sashti, and Dr. Ishu V. Rao, for their zealous support.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO THE FIRSTEDITIONThis second edition following the success of the first editionhas an enl
33、arged scope including the addition of a third volume.This warranted the addition of several contributors who are allexperts in their respective specialties. The editor appreciates theircontributions, as well as the continued support of the contributorsfrom the first edition.Editor intends to once ag
34、ain thank Entergy Operations for theircontinued support. Thanks are especially due to Dr. Indira Raowhose support in several capacities made this voluminous effortpossible. My thanks are to the staff of ASME publishing for theircontinued zeal and support.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO THE SECONDEDITIONThis thi
35、rd edition follows the unprecedented success of the pre-vious two editions. As mentioned in the first edition, this effort was initiated withthe end user in mind. Several individuals and a few organiza-tions had provided support ever since this effort started.In the second edition the success of the
36、 first edition wasenlarged in scope with the addition of a third volume, withexperts in their respective specialties to contribute chapters theyauthored. In response to the changing priorities of Boiler and PressureVessel (B Member of BuildingSpecification Committee, and Corresponding of Seismic Pro
37、visionsCommittee. Mr. Ashars professional activities with The AmericanConcrete Institute (ACI) 349 Committees include Member ofthe Main committee, Subcommittee 1 on General Requirements,Materials and QA, and Subcommittee 2 on Design. His profes-sional activities also include American Society of Mech
38、anicalEngineers (ASME), Corresponding Member, Working Group onlnservice Inspection of Concrete and Steel Containments(Subsections IWE and IWL of ASME Section XI Code), Mem-ber, ASME/ACI Joint Committee on Design, Construction,Testing and Inspection of Concrete Containments and PressureVessels; Membe
39、r, RILEM Task Committee 160-MLN: Meth-odology for Life Prediction of Concrete Structures in NuclearPower Plants; Member, Federation Internationale du Beton(FIB) Task Group 1.3: Containment Structures, and Con-sultant to IAEA on Concrete Containment Database (2001 to 2005).Mr. Ashar is a Professional
40、 Engineer in the State of Ohio andState of Maryland; Fellow, American Concrete Institute; Fellow,American Society of Civil Engineers; Professional Meer CONTRIBUTOR BIOGRAPHIESx Contributor BiographiesPosttensioning Institute. Mr. Ashar is a Peer Reviewer of thePapers to be published in ASCE Material
41、 Journal, Nuclear Engi-neering and Design (NED) Periodicals and ACI Material Journal.BAMFORD, WARRENWarren Bamford has been a member ofSection XI since 1974, and now serves asChairman of the Subgroup on EvaluationStandards, whose charter is to develop andmaintain flaw evaluation procedures andaccept
42、ance criteria. He is a member of theExecutive Committee of Section XI, andwas also a charter member of the ASMEPost Construction Committee, whose goalis to develop inspection, evaluation and repair criteria for non-nuclear plants. He has taught a course on the Background andTechnical Basis of the AS
43、ME Code, Section III and Section XI.Warren has been educated at Virginia Tech, Carnegie MellonUniversity, and the University of Pittsburgh.Warrens research interests include environmental fatigue crackgrowth and stress corrosion cracking of pressure boundary materi-als, and he has been the lead inve
44、stigator for two major programsin this area. He was a charter member of the InternationalCooperative Group for Environmentally Assisted Cracking, whichhas been functioning since 1977.Warren Bamford has been employed by Westinghouse Electricsince 1972, and now serves as a consulting Engineer. He spec
45、ial-izes in applications of fracture mechanics to operating powerplants, with special interest in probabilistic applications. Over 80technical papers have been published in journals and conferenceproceedings.BANDYOPADHYAY, UMA S.Bandyopadhyay received his BSME fromJadavpur University (1970), Calcutt
46、a,India, MSME from the PolytechnicInstitute of Brooklyn (1974). He is a reg-istered Professional Engineer in the statesof New York, New Jersey, Connecticut,Massachusetts, Virginia, Wyoming andDistrict of Columbia. He has 28 years ofextensive experience in design, engineer-ing and manufacturing of pi
47、pe supports and pipe support prod-ucts for Water Treatment and Waste Water Treatment Facilities,Oil Refineries, Co-generation, Fossil and Nuclear Power Plants.Bandyopadhyay is currently employed by Carpenter andPaterson, Inc. as Chief Engineer and works as a consultant andRegistered Professional Eng
48、ineer for affiliate Bergen-PowerPipe Supports, Inc. Prior to his current employment, he held thepositions of Design Engineer (19771980), Project Engineer(19801986) and Chief Engineer (19861992) with Bergen-Paterson Pipesupport Corp. Bandyopadhyay is a member,Working Group on Supports (Subsection NF)
49、, since 1993; wasan alternate member, Subsection NF (19861993). He is also analternate member, Manufacturers Standardization Society(MSS), Committee 403-Pipe hangers (MSS-SP-58, 69, 89, 90and 127) since 1992.BASAVARAJU, CHAKRAPANIDr. Chakrapani Basavaraju, P.E., has over30 years of experience, which includesmore than 28 years in the power industryinvolving design of nuclear and non-nuclear power plants, and 3 years in theteaching profession. He received Ph.D. inMechanical Engineering from Texas A President of Becht Engineering Canada Ltd.; President ofHelidex, LLC (w
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