ASME PALD-2005 Safety Standard for Portable Automotive Lifting Devices (PALD - 2005)《便携式自动提升装置安全标准》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDSafety Standard for Portable Automotive Lifting DevicesASME PALD-2005(Revision of ASME PALD-2003)Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME PALD-2005(Revisio

2、n of ASME PALD-2003)Safety Standardfor PortableAutomotiveLifting DevicesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Iss

3、uance: May 31, 2006The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2008. There will be no addendaissued to this Edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME website under

4、the Committee Pages at http:/www.asme.org/codes/ as they are issued, and are also published within this edition of the Standard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for

5、 American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an

6、 opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights assert

7、ed in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validi

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9、esponsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,wi

10、thout the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2006 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with A

11、SME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viPreface viiSummary of Changes ixIntroduction 1General Requirements 3Part 1 Hydraulic Hand Jacks 5Part 2 Transmission Jacks 8Part 3 Engine Stands . 12Part 4 Vehicle Support St

12、ands 15Part 5 Emergency Tire Changing Jacks . 19Part 6 Upright Type Mobile Lifts 24Part 7 Service Jacks 26Part 8 Wheel Dollies . 31Part 9 Shop Cranes 34Part 10 Swing Type Mobile Lifts 37Part 11 Scissors Type Mobile Lifts . 39Part 12 Auxiliary Stands . 41Part 13 Automotive Ramps . 43Part 14 High Reac

13、h Supplementary Stands . 47Part 15 Fork Lift Jacks . 50Part 16 High Reach Fixed Stands . 52Part 17 Vehicle Transport Lifts . 56Part 18 Attachments, Adapters, and Accessories 60Figures1-1 Typical Single-Stage Hydraulic Hand Jack . 51-2 Typical Wheeled Pneumatic/Hydraulic Hand Jack . 61-3 Typical Pneu

14、matic/Hydraulic Hand Jack 61-4 Typical Multiple-Stage Hydraulic Hand Jack . 72-1 Typical Hydraulic Transmission Jack . 92-2 Typical Pneumatic/Hydraulic Transmission Jacks 103-1 Typical “T”-Style Single Post Engine Stand 123-2 Typical “H”-Style Single Post Engine Stand 133-3 Typical Twin Post Engine

15、Stand . 134-1 Typical Vehicle Support Stands 154-2 Horizontal Dimensions and Vertical Heights for Stability Considerations . 174-3 Application of Load for Off-Center Load Test 184-4 Application of Load for Centered Load Test . 18iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME

16、 Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-5-1 Typical Screw Jack 195-2 Typical Bumper Jack 205-3 Typical Scissors Jack 205-4 Typical Frame Jack 216-1 Typical Upright-Type Mobile Lift 247-1 Typical Hydraulic Service Jacks . 277-2 Typical Pneumatic/Hydraulic S

17、ervice Jacks 287-3 Saddle Periphery Limits . 297-4 Saddle Periphery Test . 298-1 Typical Wheel Dollies . 329-1 Typical Shop Cranes 3510-1 Typical Swing-Type Mobile Lift 3711-1 Typical Scissors-Type Mobile Lift 3912-1 Typical Auxiliary Stands 4112-2 Application of Load for Proof Load Test . 4213-1 Ty

18、pical Automotive Ramps . 4413-2 Typical Test Area for Off-Center Load Test . 4513-3 Typical Test Area for Proof Load Test 4514-1 Typical High Reach Supplementary Stands 4714-2 Stability 4814-3 Proof Load Test . 4915-1 Typical Fork Lift Jack . 5016-1 Typical High Reach Fixed Stand Saw Horse Type 5316

19、-2 Typical High Reach Fixed Stand Tripod Type 5416-3 Application of Load for Off-Center Load Test 5516-4 Application of Load for Centered Load Test . 5517-1 Typical Vehicle Transport Lifts . 57Mandatory AppendixI References 63Nonmandatory AppendixA Metric Units Conversions . 64ivCopyright ASME Inter

20、national Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORDThis ASME Standard, Safety Standard for Portable Automotive Lifting Devices, has beendeveloped under the procedures for ASME Codes and Standards development com

21、mittees. ThisStandard had its beginning in June 1979 when the Jack Institute addressed the B30 Committeeon Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings. The Jack Institute requestedthe B30 Committee either to develop a standard for automotive jacks or to include this equipmentas par

22、t of the revision of B30.1, Jacks. The B30 Committee declined this request.As a result, the Jack Institute petitioned ANSI in July 1979 for the formation of a committeeto promulgate safety and/or performance standards for portable automotive lifting devices,requesting the designation of ASME as spon

23、sor of the project.In September 1979, ASMEs Policy Board, Codes and Standards, approved sponsorship of thecommittee to operate under the procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI. Anominating committee was appointed to recommend a proposed membership to the ASME SafetyCodes and Standards C

24、ommittee for approval. The membership was approved at the beginningof May 1980.The inaugural meeting of the ASME Committee on Portable Automotive Lifting Devices (PALD)was held in July 1980. The committee determined that the format of this Standard would be suchthat separate volumes, each complete a

25、s to design, marking, identification, testing, operation,inspection, and maintenance, would cover the different types of equipment included in the PALDscope. In the 1993 edition the various volumes were combined into one Standard with commonrequirements in one place and the information that is speci

26、fic to a particular type of equipmentset out in succeeding Parts. This allowed for greater consistency in requirements and eliminatedredundancy.The 1997 edition was a further revision and consolidation of the 1993 edition and includes aPart covering automotive ramps.The 2003 edition is a revision of

27、 the 1997 edition, and includes a Part covering forklift jacks.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to manufacturers,to government and other regulatory bodies, to municipal authorities, and to commercial usersresponsible for the inspection, maintenance, and ins

28、truction in the use of the equipment fallingwithin its scope.This edition of the Standard, which was approved by the ASME Committee on PortableAutomotive Lifting Devices and by ASME, was approved by ANSI and designated as an AmericanNational Standard on September 19, 2005.Safety codes and standards

29、are intended to enhance public health and safety. Revisions resultfrom committee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changingenvironmental and industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.v(05)Copyright ASME International Provided b

30、y IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME SAFETY STANDARDS COMMITTEEPortable Automotive Lifting Devices(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)OFFICERSD. A. Alexander, ChairR.

31、D. Claypool, Vice ChairJ. D. Wendler, SecretaryCOMMITTEE PERSONNELD. A. Alexander, Alexander Professional ServicesR. D. Claypool, Shinn Fu Co. of America, Inc.B. R. Cooper, General Motors Corp.C. E. Craig, Blitz USA, Inc.L. Chrisco, Alternate, Blitz USA, Inc.W. O. Griggs, Century Lincoln Service Equ

32、ipmentK. S. Guerra, Sears Holdings Corp.V. J. Hakim, General Motors Field Performance AssessmentF. G. Heath, Heath (b) indicate the suggested change (addition, deletion,revision, etc.);(c) briefly state the reason or evidence for the sug-gested change;(d) submit suggested changes to more than one pa

33、ra-graph in the order in which the paragraphs appear inthe Standard.The PALD Committee will consider each suggestedchange in a timely manner according to its procedures.INTERPRETATIONSUpon request, the PALD Committee will render aninterpretation of any requirement of the Standard. Inter-pretations c

34、an only be rendered in response to a writtenrequest sent to the Secretary of the PALD Committee atthe address shown above.The request for interpretation should be clear andunambiguous. It is further recommended that theinquirer submit any request using the following format.Subject: Cite the applicab

35、le part or section andparagraph number, and provide a con-cise description.Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the perti-nent standard for which the interpreta-tion is being requested.Question: Phrase the question as a request for aninterpretation of a specific requirementsuitable for general un

36、derstanding anduse, not as a request for approval of aproprietary design or situation. TheCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-inquirer also may include any plans ordrawings that are ne

37、cessary to explainthe question; however, they should notcontain proprietary names or infor-mation.Requests that are not in this format will be rewrittenin this format by the Committee before being answered,viiiwhich may inadvertently change the intent of the origi-nal request.ASME procedures provide

38、 for reconsideration of anyinterpretation when or if additional information thatmight affect an interpretation is available. Further, per-sons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to thecognizant ASME committee or subcommittee. ASMEdoes not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” anyitem, co

39、nstruction, proprietary device, or activity.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME PALD-2005SUMMARY OF CHANGESFollowing approval by the ASME PALD Committee and ASME, and after public

40、 review, ASMEPALD-2005 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on September 19, 2005.ASME PALD-2005 includes the following changes identified by a margin note, (05).Page Location Changev Foreword Revised1 Introduction Scope revised3, 4 1.2, 2.2, 3, and 4 Revised5 Added57 1-2.2 Revi

41、sed1-2.3 RevisedFig. 1-2 RevisedFig. 1-3 Revised1-4 (1) Paragraph 1-4.1.4 revised(2) Paragraph 1-4.1.5 deletedFig. 1-4 Revised811 2-1.4 Definition of lift, mechanical deleted2-3.1(f) Revised2-3.2 Revised2-4 (1) Paragraph 2-4.1.1.2.revised(2) Paragraph 2-4.1.4 deletedFig. 2-2 Revised13, 14 3-4 Paragr

42、aph 3-4.1.5 deleted15, 16 4-2.1 Revised4-4 Paragraph 4-4.1.3 deleted1923 Part 5 (1) Title revised(2) Revised in its entirety(3) Parts 6, 7, and 8 deleted24, 25 Part 6 (1) Former Part 9, redesignated(2) Former Para. 9-4.1.7 deleted2630 Part 7 (1) Former Part 10 redesignated(2) Paragraph 7-2.4 (former

43、 para. 10-2.4)revised(3) Figures 7-1 and 7-2 (former Figs. 10-1and 10-2) revised(4) Former para. 10-4.1.6 deletedixCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3133 Part 8 (1) Former Part 11 re

44、designated(2) Paragraphs 8-4.1.1.1 and 8-4.1.1.2(former paras. 11-4.1.1.1 and 11-4.1.1.2)revised(3) Former para. 11-4.1.3 deleted3436 Part 9 (1) Former Part 12 redesignated(2) Former para. 12-4.1.7 deleted37, 38 Part 10 (1) Former Part 13 redesignated(2) Former para. 13-4.1.6 deleted39, 40 Part 11 (

45、1) Former Part 14 redesignated(2) Former para. 14-4.1.7 deleted41, 42 Part 12 (1) Former Part 15 redesignated(2) Former para. 15-4.1.2 deleted4346 Part 13 (1) Former Part 16 redesignated(2) Former para. 16-4.1.3 deleted4749 Part 14 (1) Former Part 17 redesignated(2) Figure 14-1 (former Fig. 17-1) re

46、vised(3) Former para. 17-4.1.2 deleted50, 51 Part 15 (1) Former Part 18 redesignated(2) Figure 15-1 (former Fig. 18-1) revised(3) Former para. 18-4.1.6 deleted5255 Part 16 Added5659 Part 17 Added6062 Part 18 AddedSPECIAL NOTE:The interpretations to ASME PALD-2005 are included as a separate section f

47、or the users conve-nience.xCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(05)ASME PALD-2005SAFETY STANDARD FOR PORTABLE AUTOMOTIVE LIFTINGDEVICESIntroductionSCOPEThe scope of this Standard is th

48、e standardization ofsafety and performance requirements for portable auto-motive lifting equipment including:(a) hydraulic hand jacks(b) transmission jacks(c) engine stands(d) vehicle support stands(e) emergency tire changing jacks(f) upright-type mobile lifts(g) service jacks(h) wheel dollies(i) shop cranes(j) swing-type mobile lifts(k) scissors-type mobile lifts(l) auxiliary stands(m) automotive ramps(n) high reach supplementary stands(o) fork lift jacks(p) high reach fixed stands(q) vehicle transport lifts(r) attachments, adapters, and accessoriesThis Standard may include requiremen