ASME PCC-1-2000 Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted Flange Joint Assembly (PCC-1 - 2000)《压力边界螺栓法兰连接组件导则》.pdf

1、Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-The American Society of Mechanical Engineers AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD CUIDELINES FOR PRESSURE BOUNDARY BOLTED FLANGE JOINT ASSEMBLY ASME P6C-1-200

2、0 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-STD-ASME PCC-1-ENGL 2000 M 0759b70 Ob20914 TTT II Date of Issuance: February 28, 2001 There will be no addenda issued to this 2000 edition. The next

3、edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2003. ASME will issue written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Standard. ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This code or standard was developed under pr

4、ocedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposedcodeorstandardwasmadeavailablefor

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9、in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 1 O01 6-5990 Copyright 0 2001 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A. Copy

10、right ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-FOREWORD ASME formed an Ad Hoc Task Group on Post Construction in 1993 in response to an increased need for recognized and generally accepted engineering s

11、tandards for the inspection and maintenance of pressure equipment after it has been placed in service. At the recommendation of this Task Group, the Board on Pressure Technology Codes and Standards (BPTCS) formed the Post Construction Committee (PCC) in 1995. The scope of this committee was to devel

12、op and maintain standards addressing common issues and technologies related to post-construction activities and to work with other consensus committees in the development of separate, product-specific codes and standards addressing issues encountered after initial construction for equipment and pipi

13、ng covered by Pressure Technology Codes and Standards. The BPTCS covers non-nuclear boilers, pressure vessels (including heat exchangers), piping and piping components, pipelines, and storage tanks. The PCC selects standards to be developed based on identified needs and the availability of volunteer

14、s. The PCC formed the Subcommittee on lnspection Planning and the Subcommittee on Flaw Evaluation in 1995. In 1998, a Task Group under the PCC began preparation of Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted Flange Joint Assembly and in 1999 the Subcommittee on Repair and Testing was formed. Other topic

15、s are under consideration and may possibly be developed into future guideline documents. The subcommittees were charged with preparing standards dealing with several aspects of the in-service inspection and maintenance of pressure equipment and piping. The lnspection Planning Standard provides guida

16、nce on the preparation of a risk-based inspection plan. Defects that are identified are then evaluated, when appropriate, using the procedures provided in the Flaw Evaluation Standard. Finally, if it is determined that repairs are required, guidance on repair procedures is provided in the appropriat

17、e Repair of Pressure Equipment and Piping Standard. These documents are in various stages of preparation. None of these documents are Codes. They provide recognized and generally accepted good practices that may be used in conjunction with Post-Construction Codes, such as API 510, API 570, and NB-23

18、, and with jurisdictional requirements. The first edition of ASME PCC-1, Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted flange joint Assembly, was approved for publication in 2000. ASME PCC-1-2000 was approved by ANSI as an American National Standard on November 15, 2000. . 111 Copyright ASME International

19、 Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-STDmASME PCC-1-ENGL 2000 m 0759b70 Ob2091b 872 m PERSONNEL ASME POST CONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE SUBCOMMITTEES AND SUBGROUPS As of November 15, 2000 STANDARDS COMMITTEE J. R. Sims, Ir.

20、, Chair K. Ennis C. Becht IV, Vice Chair W. J. Koves J. Labrador, Secretary G. A. Antaki W. H. Bamford Ir. J. E. Batey D. L. Berger J. M. Bloom G. Bynog P. N. Chaku C. D. Cowfer D. A. Lang, Sr. C. R. Leonard D. A. Mauney E. Michalopoulos K. Mokhtarian C. C. Neely D. A. Osage F. Osweiller J. T. Reyno

21、lds EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE C. Becht IV, Chair W. J. Koves J. R. Sims, Ir., Vice Chair D. A. Mauney J. Labrador, Secretary K. Mokhtarian G. A. Antaki J. T. Reynolds D. L. Berger SUBCOMMITTEE ON FLAW EVALUATION W. J. Koves, Chair C. Garic K. Mokhtarian, Vice Chair C. P. Hsiao J. Labrador, Secretary D. A.

22、 Osage C. Becht IV M. D. Rana J. M. Bloom R. S. Vecchio J. D. Fishburn R. K. Yee D. W. Candy S. D. Yukawa Subgroup on Flaws D. A. Osage, Chair C. P. Hsiao, Vice Chair T. A. Bacon C. Becht IV J. M. Bloom A. F. Deardorff J. D. Fishburn G. Caric P. Cremaud D. P. Jones D. S. Kim W. C. Lundine K. Mokhtar

23、ian H. Murakami M. D. Rana W. G. Reuter M. Saiedfar D. R. Thornton R. S. Vecchio R. K. Yee Subgroup on Material Properties D. W. Candy, Chair W. F. Newell, Ir. K. K. Coleman R. E. Smith W. D. Doty E. Upitis 1. F. Henry S. D. Yukawa Subgroup on Creep ad Fatigue Crack Growth J. M. Bloom, Chair D. P. J

24、ones R. K. Bezzant D. A. Osage J. D. Fishburn M. Saiedfar D. W. Gandy SUBCOMMITTEE ON INSPECTION PLANNING D. A. Mauney, Chair D. A. Lang, Sr. D. L. Berger, Vice Chair 1. Le May P. A. Reddington, Secretary C. R. Leonard L. P. Antalffy L. F. Mager J. L. Arnold E. Michalopoulos J. E. Batey C. C. Neely

25、P. N. Chaku J. T. Reynolds C. D. Cowfer M. E. Schmidt F. R. Duvic 111 J. R. Sims K. Ennis H. N. Titer, Ir. Subgroup on Fully Quantitative D. A. Mauney, Chair C. A. Montgomery P. A. Reddington, Secretary M. E. Schmidt H. N. Titer, Ir. A. Troyanovsky E. Michalopoulos Subgroup on Qualitative C. D. Cowf

26、er, Chair N. Y. Faransso P. A. Reddington, Secretary B. Kellerhall C. R. Leonard D. A. Lang, Sr. L. P. Antalffy L. F. Mager J. L. Arnold C. C. Neely J. E. Batey J. T. Reynolds D. L. Berger C. D. Rodery P. N. Chaku D. A. Wright F. R. Duvic 111 V Previous page is blank. Copyright ASME International Pr

27、ovided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-Subgroup on Semi-Quantitative 1. le May, Chair P. K. Fanning P. A. Reddington, Secretary G. M. Tanner S. C. Cyr SUBCOMMITTEE ON REPAIR AND TESTING C. Becht IV, Chair H. D. Hanrath G.

28、 A. Antaki, Vice Chair C. R. Harley U. DUrso, Secretary C. D. Horne L. P. Antalify R. J. Kirsch J. A. Brown D. L. Kurle G. Bynog W. F. Newell, Ir. P. N. Chaku 1. A. Pfeifer W. D. Doty J. T. Reynolds K. Ennis C. D. Rodery N. Y. Faransso R. E. Smith D. J. Fetzner D. R. Thornton S. J. Findlan E. Upitis

29、 Task Group on Bolted joint Assembly C. C. Necly, Chair J. E. Batey vi Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-STDmASME PCC-1-ENGL 2000 D 0759670 0620918 645 m CONTENTS Foreword . Committee R

30、oster 1 Scope . 2 Introduction . 3 Qualification . 4 Examination of “Working“ Surfaces 5 Alignment of Mating Surfaces . 6 Installation of Casket . 7 lubrication of “Working“ Surfaces . 8 Installation of Bolts . 8.2 Bolt Lengths 8.1 Bolt/Nut Specifications 9 Numbering of Bolts 10 Tightening of Bolts

31、10.1 Tightening Method/Load Control Technique 10.2 Bolt Elongation (Bolt Stretch) Determination 10.3 Tightening Method/Load Control Technique Selection . 11 Tightening Sequence . 11.1 Measurement of Gaps . . III v 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 8 8 12 Target Torque . 8 13 Joint leak Tightness Test . 8 14 Records .

32、 9 15 Joint Disassembly 10 15.1 Disassembly Load Control . 10 Figures 1 Indicator-Type Bolting for Through-Bolted Joints 6 2 Indicator-Type Bolting for Studded Joints 7 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without l

33、icense from IHS-,-3 12-Bolt Flange Tightening Sequence . 10 4 48-Bolt Flange Tightening Sequence . 11 Tables 1M Target Torque Values for Low-Alloy Steel Bolting (SI Units) . 3 1 Target Torque Values for Low-Alloy Steel Bolting (U.S. Customary Units) 4 2 Torque Increment 5 3 Example of Tightening Met

34、hod/Load Control Technique Selection Based on Service Applications 8 4 Cross-Pattern Tightening Sequence 9 Appendices A Notes Regarding Qualifying Flanged Joint Assemblers 13 B Recommendations for Flanged Joint Assembly Procedure Qualification . 15 C Recommended Gasket Contact Surface Finish for Var

35、ious Gasket Types . 17 D Flatness Tolerance Flange Gasket Contact Surface 19 E Alignment Tolerances 21 F Alternative Bolt Numbering and Tightening Sequence. 324 Method . 23 G Use of Contractors Specializing in Bolting Services . 25 H Bolt Root and Tensile Stress Areas 27 I Interaction During Tighten

36、ing . 29 K Nut Factor Calculation of Target Torque . 33 J Calculation of Target Torque . 31 . Vlll Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-STD=ASME PCC-1-ENGL 2000 W 0759670 Ob20920 2T3 m ASM

37、E PCC-1-2000 GUIDELINES FOR PRESSURE BOUNDARY BOLTED FLANGE JOINT ASSEMBLY 1 SCOPE The bolted flange joint assembly (BFJA) guidelines described in this document apply to pressure-bound- ary flanged joints with ring-type gaskets that are entirely within the circle enclosed by the bolt holes and with

38、no contact outside this circle. By selection of those features suitable to the specific service or need, these guidelines may be used to develop effective joint assembly procedures for the broad range of sizes and service conditions normally en- countered in the process industries. 2 INTRODUCTION A

39、BFJA is a complex mechanical device; therefore, BFJAs that provide leak-free service are the result of many selectiondactivities having been rnade/per- formed within a relatively narrow band of acceptable limits. One of the activities essential to leak-free performance is the joint assembly process.

40、 The guide- lines outlined in this document cover the assembly elements essential for consistent leak-tight perform- ance of otherwise properly designedkonstructed BFJAs. It is recommended that written procedures, incorporating the features of these guidelines that are deemed suitable to the specifi

41、c application under consideration, be developed for use by the joint assemblers. 3 QUALIFICATION The user or his designated agent should provide, or arrange to have provided, as appropriate, essential training and qualification testing of the joint assem- blers who will be expected to follow procedu

42、res developed from this Guideline. Qualification of the selected joint assembly procedure may be appro- priate for critical applications. Appendix A provides some notes on qualifying flanged joint assemblers. Appendix B provides a recommended flanged joint assembly procedure qualification test. 4 EX

43、AMINATION OF “WORKING” SURFACES Clean and examine all “working” surfaces before assembly is started. (a) Examine the gasket contact surfaces of both joint flanges for appropriate surface finish (see Ap- pendix C) and for damage to surface finish such as scratches, nicks, gouges, and burrs. Indicatio

44、ns running radially across the facing are of particular concern. Report any questionable imperfections for appropriate disposition. (b) Check gasket contact surfaces of both joint flanges for flatness, both radially and circumferen- tially. Report any questionable results. Appendix D provides a reco

45、mmendation for flatness tolerance. (c) Examine bolt and nut threads and washer faces of nuts for damage such as rust, corrosion, and burrs; replace questionable parts. If separate washers are scored or cupped from previous use, replace with new through-hardened washers (sur- face-hardened washers ar

46、e not suitable). Previously used bolts should be thoroughly cleaned (such as wire brushing) before being reused. Id) Examine nut-bearing surfaces of flanges for scores, burrs, etc.; remove protrusions, spot-face if required. Rules for design of bolted flanges with ring-type gaskets are covered in Ma

47、ndatory Appendix 2 of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1; see also Nonmandatory Appendix S-2 for supplementary design considerations for bolted flanges, the implementation of which is recommended for custom flanges designed in accordance with Mandatory Appendix 2. * “Bolt

48、” as used herein is an all-inclusive term for any type of threaded fastener that may be used in a pressure-boundary BFJA such as a bolt, stud, studbolt, cap screw, etc. Use of washers is optional. However, it is generally recognized that the use of through-hardened steel washers will improve the tra

49、nslation of torque input into residual bolt stretch. See Notes on indicator bolt specification sheets, Figs. 1 and 2, for a through-hardened washer specification. Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-STD-ASME PCC-1-ENGL 2000 m 0759b70 Ob20921 13T m ASME PCC-1-2000 5 ALIGNMENT OF MATING SURFACES Ensure flanges