ASME PTC 12 2-2010 Steam Surface Condensers《表面蒸汽冷凝器》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDSteam SurfaceCondensersASME PTC 12.2-2010Performance Test CodesRevision of PTC 12.2-1998 (R2007)INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKASME PTC 12.2 2010Steam Surface CondensersPerformance Test CodesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USARevision of ASME P

2、TC 12.2 1998 (R2007)Date of Issuance: September 30, 2010This Code will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There will be no addenda issued to ASME PTC 12.22010.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Code. Perio

3、dically certain actions of the ASME PTC Committee may be published as Code Cases. Code Cases and interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

4、This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. T

5、he proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or ac

6、tivity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any

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9、 part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2010 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEER

10、SAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.iiiCONTENTSNotice vForeword viCommittee Roster viiiCorrespondence With the PTC Committee . ixIntroduction . 1Section 1 Object and Scope 21-1 Object . 21-2 Scope 21-3 Uncertainty . 2Section 2 Definitions and Descriptions of Terms 32-1 Symbols . 32-2 Subscripts 32-

11、3 Superscripts 3Section 3 Guiding Principles . 53-1 Purpose and Intent 53-2 Agreement Between Parties to the Test 53-3 Test Considerations . 53-4 Pretest Agreements 53-5 Allowable Deviations 73-6 Preparation for Test . 73-7 Condenser Isolation 73-8 Noncondensible Gas Load . 73-9 Tubeside Blockage .

12、73-10 Tubeside Fouling 73-11 Dissolved Oxygen 73-12 Preliminary Testing . 83-13 Test Records 83-14 Duration of Test Runs . 83-15 Determining the Overall Heat-Transfer Coefficient, U 83-16 Auxiliary Parameters 9Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement 104-1 Purpose and Intent 104-2 Location o

13、f Test Points . 104-3 Measurement of Condenser Pressure . 104-4 Cooling-Water Temperature . 124-5 Cooling-Water Flow 144-6 Noncondensible Flow . 194-7 Hotwell Level . 204-8 Waterbox Level 204-9 Tube Cleanliness 204-10 Waterbox Differential Pressures 204-11 Dissolved Oxygen 224-12 Condensate Temperat

14、ure 224-13 Saline or Brackish Water Concentration . 22Section 5 Computation of Results . 235-1 Basic Heat-Transfer Relations 235-2 Calculations for Condenser Pressure Deviation Results . 245-3 Calculations of Results Deviations for Other Parameters . 26ivSection 6 Report of Results . 286-1 Compositi

15、on of Report 286-2 Report Data . 28Figures4-2.1-1 Location of Condenser Test Points 124-3.2.2-1 Basket Tip 134-3.2.3-1 Guide Plate . 134-5.1-1 Recommended Velocity Traverse Probe Positions 164-9.1-1 Tube Cleanliness Test-Sequence Flowchart . 215-2.8-1 Multiple-Shell Multipressure Condenser . 275-2.8

16、-2 Single-Shell Multipressure Condenser . 27Tables2-1-1 Symbols . 33-4-1 Noncondensible Gas Load (Air In-Leakage Limits) . 63-4-2 Allowable Deviations From Specified Test and Steady-State Conditions . 74-1-1 Typical Total Instrument Accuracy . 11Nonmandatory AppendicesA Alternative Test 29B Flowchar

17、ts and Checklists 35C Automatic Data Acquisition . 42D Performance Monitoring 43E Example Calculations 45F Air Binding . 53G Air In-Leakage 56H Noncondensible Removal Equipment 58I Physical Properties of Seawater . 64J References . 68vNOTICEAll Performance Test Codes must adhere to the requirements

18、of ASME PTC 1, General Instructions. The following information is based on that document and is included here for emphasis and for the convenience of the user of the Code. It is expected that the Code user is fully cognizant of Sections 1 and 3 of ASME PTC 1 and has read them prior to applying this

19、Code.ASME Performance Test Codes provide test procedures that yield results of the highest level of accuracy consistent with the best engineering knowledge and practice currently available. They were developed by balanced committees representing all concerned interests and specify procedures, instru

20、mentation, equipment-operating requirements, cal-culation methods, and uncertainty analysis.When tests are run in accordance with a Code, the test results themselves, without adjustment for uncertainty, yield the best available indication of the actual performance of the tested equipment. ASME Perfo

21、rmance Test Codes do not specify means to compare those results to contractual guarantees. Therefore, it is recommended that the parties to a commercial test agree before starting the test and preferably before signing the contract on the method to be used for comparing the test results to the contr

22、actual guarantees. It is beyond the scope of any Code to determine or interpret how such comparisons shall be made.viFOREWORDWhen the work of revising the ASME Power Test Codes of 1915 was undertaken, it was decided to include a commit-tee to develop three separate test codes on condensing apparatus

23、, feedwater heaters, and water-cooling equipment. The resulting Test Code for Steam-Condensing Apparatus, after passing through the preliminary stages in the procedure prescribed by the Main Committee, was printed in tentative form in the May 1924 issue of Mechanical Engineering and was presented to

24、 the Society for discussion at a public hearing held during the spring meeting in Cleveland in May 1924. At the December 1924 meeting of the PTC Supervisory Committee (now known as the Board on Performance Codes), it was approved in its final revised form, and on October 5, 1925, it was approved and

25、 adopted by the Council as a standard practice of the Society.Early in 1933, Committee No. 12 decided to completely revise the Test Code for Steam-Condensing Apparatus. At the April 4, 1938, meeting of the PTC Supervisory Committee, this second version of the Code was approved, and on July 15, 1938,

26、 it superseded the previous one and was adopted by the Council as a standard practice of the Society.With the reorganization of PTC Committee No. 12 on Condensers, Feedwater Heaters, and Deaerators in 1948, the main Power Test Codes Committee requested that the Test Code for Steam-Condensing Apparat

27、us be updated. This third edition of the Code was approved at the December 4, 1953, meeting of the Power Test Codes Committee and adopted by the Council as a standard practice of the Society on March 9, 1954.In January 1970, the PTC Supervisory Committee requested the Test Code for Steam-Condensing

28、Apparatus be reviewed and updated. That fourth version of the Code was approved by the Board on Performance Test Codes on May 7, 1981, and it became an American National Standard in January 1983.The Board on Performance Test Codes in 1988 directed the Code again be reviewed to ensure it reflected cu

29、rrent engi-neering practices. A new Code Committee was organized in early 1989 containing members from a wide geographi-cal area. It comprised about equal numbers of manufacturing, user, and general interest members to ensure balanced Committee actions. The 1989 Committee was organized into four sub

30、committees Guiding Principles, Test Procedures, Instruments and Methods, and Computation of Results to ensure each section of the Code revision would be properly addressed and the work would be accomplished effectively.Based on experience with the two previous versions of the Condenser Code, the reo

31、rganized Committee determined to make this Code modern, accurate, practical, useful, and cost-effective. It also identified the objective of extending the Code to include performance monitoring, because of the relatively large effect of operating condensers on plant genera-tion and efficiency.These

32、ambitious goals translated into extensive revisions that triggered an almost complete rewrite. The major areas were revised, and the rationale for the 1998 revision of this Code was as follows:(a) Instruments. To take advantage of the then-significant advances in the field, instrumentation recommend

33、ations were modernized.(b) Heat Transfer. To enlarge the schedule “window” for the condenser test while maintaining accurate test results, the separate heat-transfer resistance method with the latest correlations was adopted.(c) Implementation. To clarify the Code rules and produce a virtually self-

34、contained document, techniques and instrumentation descriptions were written in an explicit and detailed manner.(d) Uncertainty Determinations. To ensure proper applications of uncertainty analysis, all the particulars of this somewhat daunting estimate (a very important and now necessary aspect of

35、every test) were presented.(e) Data Acquisition. To improve the condenser test effectiveness, computerized data acquisition for the testing and data reduction was recommended; however, the Code was written so that this approach was not necessary.(f) Cleanliness Testing. To be certain the condenser p

36、erformance results were not predestined, a mandatory cleanli-ness test was required by the 1998 edition of the Code. It is important to note, though, that the previous cleanliness test section was replaced in its entirety with a new, pragmatic fouling test procedure.Last, the expanded fifth edition

37、of the Code was retitled Steam Surface Condensers. This Code was approved by the PTC 12.2 Committee on January 20, 1996. It was then approved and adopted by the Council as a standard practice of the Society by action of the Board on Performance Test Codes (BPTC) on December 20, 1996. This Performanc

38、e Test Code was also approved as an American National Standard by the ANSI Board of Standards Review on February 20, 1998.The 1998 Condenser Test Code was mainly focused on conducting a rigorous, full-scale acceptance test. After several years of experience with that Code, it was reported that its u

39、se was infrequent because of the complicated and expensive requirements of a full-scale condenser performance test. The PTC 12.2 Committee was reconstituted on June 14, 2007, to undertake a revision of the Code. The Committee decided that the revision would include a less rigorous test that would vi

40、ialso be considered as an acceptance test. The rationale was to better establish equipment-performance metrics with the philosophy of promoting testing. This less-accurate test provides a slight relaxation of the allowable test conditions and requirements. The revision includes an update of the cond

41、enser test technology.This, the sixth edition of the Code, was approved by the PTC Standards Committee on November 2, 2009, and approved and adopted as a standard practice of the Society by action of the Board on Standardization and Testing on December 8, 2009. The Performance Test Code was also app

42、roved as an American National Standard by the ANSI Board of Standards Review on January 14, 2010.viiiASME PTC COMMITTEEPerformance Test Codes(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Code.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSM. P. McHale, ChairJ. R. Friedman, Vice ChairJ.

43、 H. Karian, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELP. G. Albert, General Electric Co. S. J. Korellis, Dynegy GenerationR. P. Allen, Consultant M. P. McHale, McHale however, they should not contain proprietary names or information.Requests that are not in this format will be rewritten in this format b

44、y the Committee prior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional information that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by an interpreta

45、tion may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee. ASME does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The PTC Standards Committee holds meetings or telephone conferences, which are open to the public. Persons w

46、ishing to attend any meeting or telephone conference should contact the Secretary of the PTC Standards Committee.xINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKASME PTC 12.2-20101Steam Surface condenSerSIntroductionThis Code describes instruments, test procedures, and methods of test-data analysis to be used to determine

47、 and monitor the performance of steam surface condens-ers. It provides explicit test procedures that will yield results of the highest level of accuracy consistent with the best current engineering practices and knowledge in this field. The Code is not intended to be used for tests of condensers or

48、heat exchangers operating above atmos-pheric pressure or air-cooled condensers.To aid in an overall study of the Code, the following review sequences are recommended:(a) A quick survey of the Code can be obtained by reading the introductions to each Section followed by the test procedures flowcharts

49、 in subsection 4-9 and Nonmandatory Appendices B, G, and H, and the Test Plan Checklist in Nonmandatory Appendix B.(b) At the plant design, contractual agreement, or specification stage, it is advisable to review in order the following:(1) achievable test uncertainty as stated in sub-section 1-3(2) test procedures, or alternatively the particular special test from Nonmandatory Appendix A(3) test plan and flowcharts(4) guiding principles (see Section 3)(5) instrumentation and methods of measurement to determine the hardware that must exist or b